Advanced Materials Research Vol. 935

Abstract: This paper concentrates of results based on study on sustainable parameters in the creation of Persian garden in arid regions of Iran. Persian garden has had special role to moderate local climates for many centuries and nowadays the recognitions of its sustainable features could be a strategy to reduce the total energy consumption. By the analysis of sustainable characteristics of Persian garden, the main goal is to identify sustainable parameters in landscape design for present and future with similar climates could be obtained.

Abstract: In todays world, pollution is one of the most critical and acute problems resulted by human civilization which threatens the cycle and system of life, and nowadays, pollution of the environment is not an isolated problem which a special country is concerned with. The pollutant molecule that enters the environment in Europe can reach the lungs of people living in the heart of jungles in Africa or in vast plains in Asia. One of the pollutant industries which heavily affect the environment is the industry of Portland cement production. In the process of producing cement, different kinds of pollutants including Carbon Dioxide go into the environment, and as a result, this industry stands above the majority of industries regarding the pollutant emission rate. If the number of construction projects is considered as an indicator of every countrys development, the considerable use of concrete in projects carried out in developing and developed countries, and the accelerating competition of these countries for development lead to the rapid growth in use of concrete whose main material is Portland cement, and this trend results in intensifying the effects of pollutants on the environment. As concrete should be produced to the extent needed for use, and as the concrete consumption is growing, the production of cement should be increased, and this leads to a greater cycle of pollution. Thus, as prevention is considered one of the best ways to fight pollution, with conservation of cement in concrete, not only isnt any disturbance caused in development trend, but also the cost of projects will be reduced, and due to the reduction in cement consumption, countries can benefit from sustainable development, adjust the production of cement and lower the pollution caused by cement production, and as a result, reach green environment more easily. In the present article, the effect of Portland cement production in polluting the environment as well as the conservation of cement in Iran was studied and the results were reported.

Abstract: As one kind of newly developed personalized ventilation (PV) system, the relation was explored between thermal comfort and air movement perception/acceptability/preference with tropical subjects, who had become passively acclimatized to hot conditions in the course of their day-to-day life. The tests were conducted in field environmental chamber (FEC) of National University of Singapore. 32 subjects (16 males and 16 females), performed normal office work, can choose to expose to four different PV airflow rates (4, 8, 12, 16 L/s) so as to simulating individual control. Ambient temperatures of 26°C and 23.5 °C and PV air temperatures of 26 °C, 23.5 °C and 21 °C were utilized to conduct parametric variation studies. Each combination was maintained for 15 minutes during which the subjects responded to computer-administered questionnaires. Under different PV airflow rates and ambient/PV temperature combinations, the relation between thermal comfort and air movement perception/acceptability/preference was analyzed.

Abstract: Ceiling mounted personalized ventilation (PV) aims to provide clean outdoor air into breathing zone of occupants directly without affecting indoor aesthetics. High momentum, at outlet of PV air terminal device (ATD), is utilized in order to avoid inducing more ambient air and let more personalized air come into breathing zone. In steady state, its performance depends much on the ceiling mounted ATD because supply air momentum, other than buoyancy effects and ambient air flow, is the major driving force in the micro-environment of occupied zone. In dynamic state, the movement of a person near PV ATD causes entrainment or detrainment effect, which can be regarded as another comparable factor influencing ceiling mounted PV performance. A typical office workplace consisting of either ceiling mounted PV ATD or conventional PV ATD and ambient air supply diffuser is simulated. One person is assumed to be seated and another moving person is simulated by dynamic meshes in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulations at moving person velocities of 0.5, 1 and 1,5 m/s and distance between seated person and moving person of 0, 0.2, 0.4m are performed. A new index, computational personal exposure effectiveness, is utilized to assess the performance of the PV ATD in regard to inhaled air quality under the influence of moving person. According to numerical results, the stability of ceiling mounted PV, under dynamic environment with moving person, is better than that of conventional PV although the personal exposure effectiveness (PEE) is lower than that of conventional PV with the same personalized air flow rate in steady state.

Abstract: In the paper, the characteristics on the construction and structure were analyzed through the field investigation of the traditional rural residences of the Qinba mountain area. On this basis, the passive strategies of the building design on the climate and environment of the Qinba mountain area were analyzed through the field measurements and the computer simulation program in quantitative terms. Finally, the modes on the green building design, which were matched with the local climate and natural conditions of the Qinba mountain area, were summarized. And the guidance and reference for the ecological construction of the rural residences of the Qinba mountain area were provided with the modes on the green building design.

Abstract: The study was conducted under the humid condition of subtropical climate to investigate the correlation between the cooling effect linked with ventilation and space utility of building dwellings. The electric oil-filed radiator heater was utilized to simulate indoor thermal source to carry out the experiment on ventilation at the exchange rate of 0.1m³/s per hour within a dwelling space measured of 47.3m³ and hourly record of changes to temperature, humidity and air enthalpy was performed. The result revealed that as far as the subtropical humid climate is concerned, dehumidifying efficiency of indoor ventilation was found better than cooling efficiency. Whether the thermal source was produced in the indoor space or not, the indoor absolute humidity reduced with the existence of ventilation and it reached the balance of outdoor air. It represented a difference of 80% within a 10-minute interval on regulating indoor environment.