Advanced Materials Research Vol. 935

Abstract: Eight hybrid fiber reinforced cement mortar (HFRC) mixes reinforced with Garnet-Nylon, Polypropylene (PP), Steel Fiber (SF) was tested in order to examine the effect of the W/B and replacement ratio of the Garnet-Nylon, PP, SF on the properties of matter and different material properties of HFRC. Main variables investigated were W/B and replacement ratio of the Garnet and Nylon, PP, SF. The measured material properties of fiber reinforced NS (Nylon-SF) specimens were analyzed using the two types of strength and compared with those recorded with PS (PP-SF) specimens. The flow of HFRC increased with the increase of the W/B. In addition, compressive strength, bending of HFRC was higher than those of replacement ratio of the Garnet-fibers, though the total HFRC was lower than that with NS-GA-01 specimen. For enhancing the toughness and strength of HFRC, using the GA of 5 % and Nylon of 0.1 %, PP of 0.1%, SF of 0.4% replacement ratio was more effective than using the GA of 20 % and Nylon of 0.4 %, PP of 0.4%, SF of 0.8% replacement ratio.

Abstract: This paper is a literature review about the use of wastes in masonry mortar. Wastes such as wood waste ash, municipal solid waste, ground waste seashells, glass waste, fly ash, corn cob ash and palm oil fuel ash are used to replace cement as the binding material. Wastes of Cathode Ray Tube (CRTs) glass, plastic waste, construction demolition wastes, foundry sand and quarry dust are used as a replacement for fine aggregates. Additives such as recycled copper tailings and animal proteins also improve the properties of masonry mortar. It is learnt that certain percentages of wastes can be used as substitutes for binding materials and fine aggregates and therefore the ideal amount of waste can be determined.

Abstract: Nanotechnology can be used for design and construction processes in many areas since nanotechnology generated products have many unique characteristics. These characteristics can significantly fix current construction problems, and may change the requirement and organization of the construction process. This paper reviews the basic concept of nanotechnology, different types of nanomaterial and their manufacturing process as well as the applications of nanotechnology in different fields such as concrete, pavement engineering, construction materials. Use of nanotechnology is found to offer high performing and efficient materials. Specific application areas include water and waste water treatment, construction materials etc. The use of nanotechnology in civil engineering is still in infancy stage. The production methods, pollutions caused to human health, manufacturing difficulties, performance are the issues to be addressed in order to use the nanotechnology in civil engineering.

Abstract: An experimental and analytical study have been conducted for the shear reinforcing method of RC beam by axis and horizontal axis load using attaching composite beam. Based on the previous research, in this study, Design examples are given to show the performance evaluation for the column reinforcing of old school buildings using nonlinear analysis is going to be conducted and strengthening method is going to be on the market after their performance is proved by the test.

Abstract: Prediction of extreme environmental loadings is crucial in the design of offshore platforms. Combinations of independent 100-year loadings are usually used assuming that it will bring the maximum value that is suitable for the design. It is rather impossible for such independent combinations to occur at the same time. Addressing this issue requires approaches in two methods. The first would be to find the probabilities of joint effect of these parameters, while the second would be to forecast the extreme value of each parameter. Joint densities and extreme value analysis have become available due to significant advancements in fluid dynamics and computer science. By using the combination of these two techniques, the actual loading of wind and wave can be obtained, leading to optimum and robust design.

Abstract: India is one of the Developing countries that needs to face the environmental pollution. Have many ways to reduce environmental pollution that causes by production of Portland cement and cause by the increasing of waste material. This paper studies the strength development in geopolymer mortar using industrial by-products. Geopolymer is the term used to represent the binders produced by polymeric reaction of alkaline liquid with silicon and aluminium as source materials. The by-product materials considered in this study are combination of GGBFS and Fly ash. The experimental program involves casting of geopolymer mortar cubes and testing them at 1 day, 3 days and 7 days for compressive strength. Different parameters considered in this study are ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium meta silicate (1:1 & 1:2 ) and alkaline fluid to binder ratio Keeping 12-Molarity of the alkaline liquid as constant. It can be concluded that the strength increased with an increase in the quantity of GGBFS.

Abstract: This paper presents an optimized truss model based on the principle of minimum total energy theorem. Six most recent effective strain ɛ_frp,e models including three design guidelines were selected for the analysis. Three reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) schemes were chosen. Comparing with current design guidelines, the results of these three beams indicate that the optimized model is promising and encouraging.

Abstract: Oil Palm Shell (OPS) are one of low thermal conductivity course aggregate for lightweight concrete. This paper report on all thermal properties parameter, thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity. Tree mixes of OPS of air dry density 1733 to 1811 kg/m3 and oven dry density 1502 to 1632 kg/m3 were prepaid and tested for thermal properties and compared with normal concrete using crushed granite as control and conventional materials. Raw shape with air density 1733 kg/m3 showed the lowest thermal properties with thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity of 0.59 W/mK, 1.352 MJ/m3K and 0.4414 mm2/s, respectively. All OPS mix can be consider as semi structure insulation material as per the RILEM classification which is thermal conductivity lower than 0.75 W/mK. High porosity content in concrete created act as an insulation characteristic and showed OPS have good potential as green insulation materials.

Abstract: This paper presents the experimental results of CFRP plated steel blocks in wet and dry conditions using saltwater. A total of 9 pull test specimens were tested that was divided into two groups; normal and heated saltwater at room temperature and 50°C, respectively. The purpose of this test is to investigate the changes in the debonding capacity of the CFRP plated steel blocks. It was found that both systems showed insignificant increase in bond strength. However, the stiffness of the bonding system increased as the temperature of the saltwater was increased, suggesting the effect of post curing of the adhesive.

Abstract: Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) gratings are normally made of two types of processes which are molded and pultruded. It consists of glass fiber and bonding matrixes of vinyl ester (VE), polyester (PE), or phenolic (PHE). The great improvement in strength to weight ratio compare to steel and high resistivity to corrosion makes GFRP grating preferable. However, the use of GFRP grating in offshore is scarce due to issues related to durability and the harsh environment Based on the observation, the accelerated ageing process affects the performance of GFRP gratings by reducing its strength in flexural static load test. Therefore; this study concentrates on the effect of accelerated ageing on GFRP grating. A total of 18 GFRP grating specimens which consist of 6 each of molded Vinyl Ester, molded Polyester and pultruded Phenolic. The entire specimens were aged by immersion in seawater at elevated temperature (60 °C) for the period of 2 month. The main parameters concerns in this study are 1) Max Load vs. Immersion Period, 2) Max Load vs. Deflection graph of results.