Advanced Materials Research Vol. 935

Abstract: Primary energy reduction and energy efficiency improvement are important targets to be achieved in every society and in residential buildings in particular. An energy-efficient and low-emissions solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cogeneration system is a promising electric and thermal energy generation technology for implementation in future residential buildings. This paper aims to analyze the energy performance in terms of primary energy demand and its reduction rate when SOFC cogeneration system is used in residential buildings. This study outlines SOFC cogeneration system and its simulation method, and then develops a standard family model for simulation under cold weather condition in China and selected Beijing city as an example, and finally compares them with traditional power and heat generation system based on gas and electricity. The results show that SOFC cogeneration system is an energy-efficient alternative power and thermal energy cogeneration technology for cold climatic cities such as Beijing, and can offer a large reduction rate (about 15.8% in winter) of primary energy demand in residential buildings. This study also finds that the significant reductions in primary energy demand of SOFC system result for the periods with air temperature decreasing.

Abstract: By means of the establishment of thermal stability evaluation model and simulating in Huafeng factory residential building ,the relationship between the D value and building thermal stability and the optimal distribution ratio are obtained.The results show that:at the shape coefficient≤0.40, the most optimal matching relation is :heat transfer coefficient is 1.0, thermal inertia index is 2.0;at the shape coefficient >0.40, the most optimal matching relation is :heat transfer coefficient is 0.8, thermal inertia index is 2.0.

Abstract: The number of small scale buildings such as minimarts and convenience stores in Thailand has increased rapidly in the past few years. The interest of effective energy utilization has not been focused on the implementation of the new technologies due to high investment and lack of skilled workers for the maintenance. Comparing to the energy improvement results from several techniques at the present, the implementation of micro co-generation systems driven by natural gas engines to meet the energy demand of Thailands convenience stores has been proposed in this study by using Primary Energy Saving Ratio (PES) as the assessment index to evaluate the energy performance. The results also showed that PES value can be increased up to 45% due to the utilization of higher efficiencies of micro co-generation system. However, the selection of the reasonable capacity of the system depends on the characteristic of the load profile and the objective of the utilization of micro co-generation system. Furthermore, the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the micro co-generation system are important factors that cannot be ignored in an effect to enhance the performance of micro co-generation systems.

Abstract: Heat transfer in walls, as affected by climatic conditions such as fluctuations in outside air temperature, solar radiation intensity and wind speed as well as wall structures and heat transfer coefficients of materials, becomes a complex and non-steady state. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between total whole-day solar radiation and heat absorbed by and released from materials. An reduced scale of experiment was conducted using reduced scale precast concrete slabs and focusing on the effect of heat transfer involving solar radiation, building materials and shading rate. The results show that even though the sun shadings would stem partly the solar radiation into the wall, yet they obstruct in the mean time the release of the heat, which absorbed hours ago. That leads to a temperature raise and uncomfort to the interiors.

Abstract: Ieoh Ming Pei is the well-known modernist master all over the world. Many of his outstanding architectural works are worthy of careful analysis and learning. What does the Green Building mean This paper analyzes the green characteristics of Hill Hotel Design in three aspects which is design by Ieoh Ming Pei , such as the spatial layout, the design of buildings, courtyards, then expounds the essential characteristics and design method of Green Buildings.

Abstract: The article focused on practical application of EMC in the field of Green Building, especially analyzing obstacles in development of green buildings and the function produced by EMC.

Abstract: This paper attempts to show the geometric effects of a courtyard under the force of hot and dry climates. A courtyard house is an internal open space around which all the habitable rooms are clustered. The main objective is to review the effects of courtyard geometry on changing the energy consumption of courtyard buildings in order to decrease the emissions of CO_2. Literature review on courtyard in hot and dry climate suggest various type of the evaluation of previous results proves that the orientation and the proportions are two important factors for the amount of acquired solar energy in courtyard buildings in order to reduce energy consumption in hot-dry regions. They should be considered in the design stage where the designers can take full advantage. Future, can also be established guidelines for efficient courtyard design in Yazd to reduce energy consumption.

Abstract: Haj Raeis mansion was built 136 years ago in coastal city of Bushehr in south of Iran (near the equator). This construction provides a favorable weather inside it, by using natural wind and solar energy. Structures and materials in this building, were used as a suitable insulation and made the air fresh and cool with a low degree of humidity throughout year. They reached this favorable purpose with creative improvement the natural energies potentials with no depleting substances added to ecosystem. This paper, which is perquisited from the study of documents, precise architectural scrutiny of the Haj Raeis mansion, library research and field research in Boushehr and reveals wonderful facts about existing Green buildings more than 100 years ago in Iran. The purpose of this research is unveiling of Haj Raeis architecture`s thoughts and using these thoughts in current building and adapting and amalgamating these with modern architecture to achieve more energy efficient buildings in coastal cities.

Abstract: Most traditional village houses uses corrugated zinc roofing due to economic reason. Thermal discomfort will result as zinc is a highly heat absorbing material. The space under the zinc covering will experience significant temperature increase proportional to the amount of supplied heat from sunlight, and this will further be aggravated if the ventilation is poor. The purpose of this study is to determine an alternative method to lower the temperature inside a zinc covered house. The proposed method is by splashing water throughout the area of the zinc roofing, where heat exchange process will occur upon contact. The process will dissipate heat from the zinc but will increase the water temperature. Heated water will then free fall by gravity into a tank through perforated tube with very fine aperture, as water droplet. By the same heat transfer process, ambient air will lower the water temperature, which will be recirculation back to the roof. To facilitate higher rate of water cooling, fan will be provided. The tests show the system was able to lower the temperature of the zinc covered house, and can reduce cost of cooling, thus suitable for low income rural population in Malaysia.

Abstract: The indoor thermal comfort is the basic thing for each and every occupant, not only in tropical areas but also all over the world. It is necessary to make an energy efficient roof design and to improve the indoor condition of the building. This paper is focused on the roof design to develop the ventilation system so as to obtain low attic temperature without effecting the environment and keep the interior of the building cool. In the present study, four identical roof models were fabricated to carry out laboratory tests to evaluate their performances. In the roof models, aluminum (Al) tubes were used as a moving-air path (MAP) which acts as a ventilation channel. These channels allows the natural ventilation to take out hot air to the outside. In addition, an insulation layer and ventilation fans were integrated with the Al tubes to get better performance. For the combination of those features, the results revealed that the attic temperature was reduced remarkably, compared to the ordinary roof model. This comprehensive roof model will be the most suitable to the environment and applicable for its improved performance.