Carbon Footprint Accounting Practices in Taiwan

Article Preview

Abstract:

By using carbon dioxide emissions in Taiwan, this study attempts to account for total carbon dioxide emissions and per capita emissions at city and county level, based on the household consumption structure in each region. Carbon dioxide emissions are translated into carbon footprint by using the ecological footprint (EF) method, followed by calculation of total and per capita carbon footprint for each city and county. Analysis results indicate that Taiwan's total carbon dioxide emissions in 2011 were 264.66 million tons, of which New Taipei City, Taipei City and Kaohsiung City were the highest. However, according to the EF framework, the per capita carbon footprint for Taiwan was 5.94 global hectares (gha) in 2011. The highest three counties and cities were Taipei City, Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County. Future research should incorporate the use of direct measures of carbon dioxide emissions in counties and cities, which would produce a more realistic outcome. Moreover, the feasibility of using the EF method to translate carbon dioxide emissions into carbon footprint should also be examined.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 962-965)

Pages:

1529-1540

Citation:

Online since:

June 2014

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2014 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] Barnosky, A.D., Hadly, E.A., Bascompte, J., Berlow, E.L., Brown, J.H., Fortelius, M., Getz, W.M., Harte, J., Hastings, A., Marquet, P.A., Martinez, N.D., Mooers, A., Roopnarine, P., Vermeij, G., Williams, J.W., Gillespie, R., Kitzes, J., Marshall, C., Matzke, N., Mindell, D.P., Revilla, E. & Smith, A.B. in: Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere. Nature, 486(2012).

DOI: 10.1038/nature11018

Google Scholar

[2] Borucke, M., Moore, D., Cranston, G., Gracey, K., Iha, K., Larson, J., Lazarus, E., Morales, J.C., Wackernagel, M. & Galli, A. in: Accounting for demand and supply of the biosphere's regenerative capacity: The National Footprint Accounts' underlying methodology and framework. Ecological Indicators, 24(2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.08.005

Google Scholar

[3] BSI. in: Specification for the Assessment of the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Goods and Services. London: BSI. (2011).

Google Scholar

[4] Cederberg, C., Persson, U.M. Neovius, K., Molander, S. & Clift, R. in: Including carbon emissions from deforestation in the carbon footprint of Brazilian beef. Environmental Science & Technology, 45 (2011).: pp.1773-1779.

DOI: 10.1021/es103240z

Google Scholar

[5] Chavez, A. & Ramaswami, A. (2013). In: Articulating a trans-boundary infrastructure supply chain greenhouse gas emission footprint for cities: mathematical relationships and policy relevance. Energy Policy, 54 (2013)., pp.376-384.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.10.037

Google Scholar

[6] Galli, A., Wiedmann, T., Ercin, E., Knoblauch, D., Ewing, B. & Giljum, S. in: Integrating Ecological, Carbon and Water Footprint: Defining the Footprint Family, and its Application in Tracking Human Pressure on the Planet. UK: One Planet Economy Network. (2011).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.017

Google Scholar

[7] Galli, A., Wiedmann, T., Ercin, E., Knoblauch, D., Ewing, B. & Giljum, S. in: Integrating ecological, carbon and water footprint into a footprint family, of indicators: definition and role in tracking human pressure on the planet. Ecological Indicators, 16(May 2012): 100-112.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.06.017

Google Scholar

[8] GFN, The National Footprint Accounts, 2011 edition. Global Footprint Network, Oakland, CA, USA. (2012).

Google Scholar

[9] Green Workplace. Business Travel & Employee Commuting Assessment. Vancouver, BC: Green workplace. (2014).

Google Scholar

[10] Grubb & Ellis. Meeting the Carbon Challenge: The Role of Commercial Real Estate Owners, Users & Managers. Chicago: Grubb & Ellis. (2007).

Google Scholar

[11] Hertwich, E.G. & Peters, G.P. Carbon footprint of nations: a global, trade-linked analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(16) (2009), pp: 6414-6420.

DOI: 10.1021/es803496a

Google Scholar

[12] IGBP, IOC & SCOR. Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers – Third Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Sweden: Stockholm. (2013).

Google Scholar

[13] IPCC. IPCC WGI Fifth Assessment Report. Sweden: Stockholm. (2013).

Google Scholar

[14] Jones, C.M. & Kammen, D.M. in: Quantifying carbon footprint reduction opportunities for U.S. households and communities. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(9)(2011). pp: 4088-4095.

DOI: 10.1021/es102221h

Google Scholar

[15] Larsen, H.N. & Hertwich, E.G. in: Identifying important characteristics of municipal carbon footprints. Ecological Economics, 70(1) (2010) pp: 60-66.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.05.001

Google Scholar

[16] Lenzen, M. in: Uncertainty in impact and externality assessments - implications for decision-making. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 11(3) (2006), pp: 189-199.

DOI: 10.1065/lca2005.04.201

Google Scholar

[17] Niccolucci, V., Tiezzi, E., Pulselli, F.M., Capineri, C. in: Biocapacity vs ecological footprint of world regions: A geopolitical interpretation., Ecological Indicators. 16 (2012)pp: 23-30.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.002

Google Scholar

[18] Ramaswami, A. Chavez A. & Chertow, M. in: Carbon footprinting of cities and implications for analysis of urban material and energy flows. Sustainable Urban Systems, 16(6) (2012). pp: 783-785.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00569.x

Google Scholar

[19] Rees, W.E. in: Ecological Footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out. Environment and Urbanization, 4(1992) pp: 121-130.

DOI: 10.1177/095624789200400212

Google Scholar

[20] Steinberger, J.K. & Krausmann, F.P. What do economic resource productivities measure? Paper presented at the International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE) 11th Biennial Conference: Advancing sustainability in a time of crisis, Oldenburg - Bremen, Germany. (2010).

Google Scholar

[21] Wackernagel, M. & Rees, W.E. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on The Earth, Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society. (1996).

Google Scholar

[22] Wackernagel, M., Monfreda, C., Moran, D., Wermer, P., Goldfinger, S., Deumling, D. & Murray, M. National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts 2005: The underlying calculation method. (2005).

Google Scholar

[23] Wackernagel, M. in: Comment on Ecological Footprint Policy? Land Use as an Environmental Indicator., Journal of Industrial Ecology, 18(1) (2014) pp: 20-23.

DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12094

Google Scholar

[24] Wiedmann, T. & Minx, J. A definition of carbon footprint,. In C.C. Pertsova, Ecological Economics Research Trends. Chapter 1, pp.1-11, Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. (2008).

Google Scholar