Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 126

Abstract: Mycorrhizal is a the symbiotic association between the roots of higher plants and the mycelium of certain fungi. Mycorrhizal has benefits for improving plant nutrition and increasing growth, as biological protection, involved in the Bio-Geo-Chemical cycle, increasing nutrient absorption from the soil to increase plant resistance to extreme drought and humidity. Research on mycorrhizal spores was carried out in 3 places with high levels of mycorrhizal diversity, humid areas, and lush trees, namely in the forest of the Medan State University campus, Jl. Williem Iskandar, Kec. Medan Tebung City of Medan. This research is limited to knowing the diversity of mycorrhizal spores in the forest of Medan State University. Mycorrhizae observed on the roots of Swietenia macrophylla. Observations focused on the morphology of mycorrhizal spores observed under a microscope. The results showed that the mycorrhizal that were successfully identified and observed around the Medan State University Campus Forest were Gigaspora sp. 1 (10 x 40), Gigaspora sp. 2 (10 x 40), Acaulospora sp. 1 (10x40) Acaulospora sp. 2 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 1 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 2 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 3 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 4 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 5 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 5 (10 x 40), Gigaspora sp. 3 (10 x 40).

Abstract: This study aims to determine the characterization of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC in North Sumatra. This research was carried out at the Undergraduate Program (S1), State University of Medan in March 2021-October 2022, using descriptive development data analysis techniques used by third semester students majoring in biology, State University Medan. The results of this study indicate that the two research sites have different results. disaloan dolok has 4 types of andaliman plants while in lumban julu it has 3 types of andaliman. There are also factors that influence such as soil pH temperature, climate of the place. so it can be concluded that the research on the characterization of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) based on scientific literacy that was developed deserves to be researched.

Abstract: Orchid Cattleya sp. has a very high commercial value in the market both locally and internationally. Although the price of the orchid tends to be expensive, the value it has is much more expensive. So cattleya is always a top priority for hobbyists and collectors [1]. Cattleya is one of the orchid genera that have flowers with large sizes and is known as "The Queen of Orchids" because it has the beauty of color variations in its flowers [2]. In addition to having beauty in its flowers, bright flower color, and fragrant smell, Cattleya Orchid in general has a large flower size compared to other orchid flowers [3]. This study aimed to determine the best combination for callus growth from the orchid leaf explant Cattleya sp. with the combination of media using the ingredients MS + 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (0; 0.3; 0.6 ppm) and 2.4 Dechlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (0; 1; 2; 3 ppm) with three repetitions for each treatment. The data from the study showed that the best concentration to spur the growth of the callus of the explanatory orchid leaves of Cattleya sp. At the treatment of 2.4-D 1 ppm + BAP 0.6 ppm with a percentage of callus formed about 60% with a green callus color and compact callus texture and medium callus growth (++).