Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 128

Abstract: The aims of study to describe the resistance of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica (L.) Buch) for remediation of lead polluted water, based on rate growth rate (RGR), lead content in plant, and percentage of free amino acids. Plants of equal size was grown hydroponically and exposed to 0, 1, 5, 10 mgL-1 of lead concentration for 10 days, 20 days, and 30 days. Design of experiment used a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Content of lead in each plant tissues was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and free amino acids was analyzed by HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography). Data of lead content in plant were analyzed by Anova, while free amino acids was analyzed by descriptive statistic. The results show that water spinach could grow well in lead polluted water. The bioaccumulation factor of plant were >1 with the translocation factor <1 indicated that plant are resistant to lead. This resistance is proved by the increasing of the total protein 0.60; 0.76; 0.79; and 0.94. These three free amino acids indicate the phytochelatin which is detected glutamic acid, cystine and glycine.

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of the sound intensity level (SIL) of garengpung (Dundubia manifera) insect manipulated at a peak frequency of 4000 Hz on a horizontal plane towards the growth, stomata opening area, and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa) plant. This study employed the garengpung's sound, which was validated using the Octave 4.2.1 software. Lands used in the study were experimental and control lands; the area of each land was 30.0 m2 x 8.5 m2. The observed data included the rice plant growth, stomata opening area, and rice productivity. The stomata opening area was observed using a light microscope and the output was observed using NIS Elements Viewer software. In order to measure the area of the stomata, the Image Raster 3.0 was used. The productivity of the rice plant in the form of the rice mass was measured using Origin 8.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013. The SIL was measured using a sound level meter. The result of the study showed that the average growth of the experimental and the control plants at the 77th day after planting were as follow: plant height (87.98 ± 0.05) cm and (81.96 ± 0.05) cm, numbers of tiller in one cluster (17 ± 1) and (16 ± 1), and numbers of spikelet in one cluster (11 ± 1) and (10 ± 1), respectively. It was found that the productivity of the experimental plant was better than the control plant. From 1763 and 1819 clusters of the experimental and control plants, respectively, yielded 228.5 kg and 105.4 kg in total masses of rice. The SIL of the garengpung’s sound was in the interval of 62.1 dB to 79.4 dB.

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the inheritance of improved growth phenotypes in pigs born to sows injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) prior to mating. Twelve sows were assigned into a randomized design with 3 groups and each group consisted of 4 sows as replications. The first group consisted of sows without PMSG and HCG injection prior to mating as a control group (NSO). The second group consisted of sows injected with PMSG and HCG prior to mating to improve endogenous secretion of pregnant hormones that improve prenatal growth of the piglets (SO). The third group consisted of female pigs born to PMSG and HCG-injected mother in SO group that were mated after maturity without PMSG and HCG injection (F1SO). The number of sows used in each group consisted of 2 sows with 11 litter size and 2 sows with 12 litter size at parturition and total of born pigs observed in this study was 138 pigs. The results of experiment showed that injection of the sows with PMSG and HCG prior to mating improved body weight, body length and leg heights and decreased within-litter variation that finally increased total weight of live born pigs per sow. Sows injected with PMSG and HCG prior to mating produced pigs with higher pre-weaning growth rate and higher survival rate with a higher weaning weight and total weaned pigs per sow. The female pigs born to SO sows produced piglets with similar growth phenotypes as their mothers that was significantly higher and better that the growth phenotypes of the pigs born to NSO sows. The results of this experiment strongly confirm that the improvement of uterine and placental environment by improving endogenous secretion of pregnant hormones during pre-implantation and during the whole pregnancy by injecting the mothers with PMSG and HCG prior to mating improve prenatal and postnatal growth phenotypes of pigsand the improved growth phenotypes are inherited to their offspring. It was concluded that this simple and relatively cheap technique could be used to improve growth genotype expression to produce a superior pigs either as a finisher or as a parent stock.

Abstract: This research was conducted as an effort to implement the liquent quetiont (LQ) method in making the selection of cassava land locations effective in South Minahasa Regency. The process of data grouping and decision making among the South Minahasa government has not yet produced optimal conditions, especially on various semi-structured problems. Therefore, with conditions like this, the availability of the right land can help make good and fast decisions. The analysis was carried out using the LQ method based on formal and informal information obtained directly about cassava land. As a result, this research deserves to be a source of up-to-date information for policy-making bureaucrats, researchers, academics, entrepreneurs, or the general public who want to develop cassava land and or cultivate cassava in competition.

Abstract: This research was conducted from May to July 2022 at the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Unima. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of papaya leaf solution and better concentration on leaf-eating caterpillar pests. The research method used 4 treatments of leaf solution percentage (0, 20, 30, 40, 50 gr extract). All treatments were made in a formulation of 100 ml of solution. The results showed that a 50% concentration of papaya leaf solution was able to control leaf-eating caterpillar pets. Keywords: papaya leaf extract, mustard greens, armyworm pests

Abstract: Preservation of tropical forest plants that have high economic potential, such as Sumatran benzoin (Styrax benzoin Dryander), is urgently carried out through the provision of quality seeds. The purpose of this study was to propagate the Sumatran Frankincense plant to produce good quality seeds to meet the needs of seeds for forest conservation purposes. The micropropagation technique was carried out using explants from selected parent plants of very good quality. Micropropagation through the use of explants from several parts of the plant aims to produce seeds with the same incense production quality as the parent plant. Explants were selected from the young leaves of the shoots. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors: concentrations of NAA (0-3 mg/L) and BAP (0-3 mg/L). The combination of NAA and BAP in culture media under optimal conditions proved to be effective in inducing callus and plantlet growth. The success of micropropagation has the potential to produce seeds of the same excellent quality as the parent plant in large quantities in a relatively short time. This technique is expected to be able to meet the conservation needs of people's forests and national forests, and in the long term will increase the production of frankincense as a non-timber forest commodity as raw material for medicine.

Abstract: North Sulawesi is a major producer of 'bete' Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott). Taro has beneficial economic value as an excellent source of carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and fibre. Taro contains low-calorie foods that can be an alternative consumption as a substitute for rice and become and can normalize sugar for people with diabetes. This study aims to determine the diversity of taro germplasm in North Sulawesi using morphometric characters. This study was conducted from April – October 2022. Explorative and interview-based research exploratively in four districts/cities: Minahasa Regency, South Minahasa, Talaut Islands and Tomohon City. Sampling characterization using a purposive sampling method. Cluster analysis with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) was utilized for the analysis of the similarity level data. The results of the qualitative analysis revealed that there were two large groups (I and II). In cluster I, seven accessions was all purple taro, whereas in cluster II, there were fourteen white taro accessions. Group I consists of accession numbers 5 and 6 (Talaut Island) and accession numbers 7, 8, 13, 16 and 17 (South Minahasa Regency). Group II consists of accessions numbered 1,2,3,4, 19, 20, and 21 (Tondano) and accession numbers 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15 (Tomohon) and accession number 18 (South Minahasa). The similarity analysis revealed that taro accessions in North Sulawesi have a similarity level of between 33,3 and 100 percent.

Abstract: The research used is (Research and Development), Research and Development or R&D. The purpose of this research is to develop taro tubers into a snack. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, and questionnaires or questionnaires. The data analysis technique in the process of developing taro tuber products uses qualitative methods, based on organoleptic tests. This research was conducted at the PKK Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, UNIMA. The results showed that taro sponge cake as a snack was favored by respondents, both students and lecturers. From the results of the organoleptic test, it turns out that Taro Sponge Cake, Taste is quite sweet as much as 70%, Texture tends to be quite soft as much as 80%, while Aroma is 80% and the more dominant color is slightly yellow, This shows that the characteristics of the taro sponge cake are: The taste is sweet, the texture is quite soft, the aroma is quite fragrant while the color is slightly yellow. From the results of chemical, physical and microbiological testing, taro cake contains 6 nutrients that are very useful to the human body, such as carbohydrates 10.29%, fat 4.79%, protein 6.49%, calcium 0.01%, vitamin C 3.30% crude fiber 0.89%. The product of taro sponge cake is very good to serve as a snack because it can fulfill the feeling of fullness between lunch and dinner. Thus the nutritional needs of both lecturers and students will be fulfilled and avoid various diseases due to holding back hunger.

Abstract: The objective of this study are to isolate lactic acid bacteria from ripe tome-tome fruit (Flacourtia inermis and bacteriocin activity in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed that 10 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were found and have the potential to produce bacteriocins. They were isolates TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5, TM6, TM7, TM8, TM9 and TM10 and were identified as members of the genus Lactobacillus (TM1,TM2,TM7,TM8,TM9,TM10) and members of the genus Lactococcus (TM3,TM4,TM5,TM6). The ten isolates of lactic acid bacteria were able to produce bacteriocin and were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus but unable to inhibit the growth of E. coli. Bacteriocins from the ten LAB isolates are expected to be used as raw materials alternative preservatives in food products because of their ability to inhibit growth of food spoilage microbes, resulting in the use of chemical additives can be minimized.

Abstract: This study aims to obtain results regarding the processing technique of taro into flour, processing of taro flour into taro brownies and taro pancakes, whether the taro brownies cake can be accepted by consumers and the nutrients contained in taro brownies and taro pancakes. This research was conducted in Keroit Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency with respondents from PKK in Keroit Village and two experts in the field of Pastry. Brownis taro organoleptic test showed a texture value of 53.3%; flavor 62.6%; fragrance 66.6%; shape, 55. Meanwhile, the results of organoleptic test on taro pancakes; texture 53.3%, taste 74.44%, aroma 77.77%, shape 73.33%. The test results at the Brownies Taro Laboratory contain; Carbohydrates 27.32. Fat 25.08, Protein 5.63. Sucrose 36.76. Taro pancakes contain; Carbohydrate 28.48, Fat 5.06, Protein 7.18, Sucrose 5.21.