Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 130

Abstract: The use of robots in surveillance applications has become increasingly popular due to their ability to access difficult and dangerous terrain. This study focuses on the design and development of a hexapod robot using Internet of Things (IoT) technology for surveillance purposes. The hexapod robot was designed to navigate rough terrain and provide real-time surveillance data via a wireless network. The IoT technology used in the robot included a variety of sensors and electronic components that enabled the robot to capture and transmit video, audio, and environmental data. The effectiveness of the hexapod robot was evaluated through a series of field tests, which demonstrated its ability to navigate rough terrain and provide real-time surveillance data. The study highlights the potential benefits of using IoT technology in surveillance applications and provides insight into future developments in this area. Overall, this study provides a valuable contribution to the field of surveillance robotics and highlights the potential of using IoT technology to enhance surveillance capabilities.

Abstract: An ornithopter is a power-driven aircraft that utilizes a flapping mechanism. This paper summarized the research and development carried on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) till date and reclaims the efficiency on ornithopter namely the flapping frequency, Reynold number, kinematics, transmission system and flapping mechanisms. The present investigation explores the design of a biologically inspired flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. For its execution, varied of analyses of flight mechanics, stability, and the control of flapping motion. The theoretical techniques involved in the construction of an ornithopter have investigation for surveillance, military application, spy work, and rescue operations. Additionally, the material used for construction of ornithopter is also discussed. The benefits of the flapping mechanism for are not limited. This paper also reviews the research and development done on the previous UAVs and from small birds to large birds. In this paper the experimental analysis has been done on the ANSYS Fluent on a semi elliptical wing design with a wingspan of 0.25m which delivered the output of how the wind flow and pressure can affect the efficiency of a flapping wing according to the varying angle of attack. This concluded the selection of a material with low stiffness.

Abstract: The dynamics of the micro-cantilever with linearly varying width under electrostatic actuation is presented. The restraining displacement and voltage dissociating the unstable and stable operating region are determined by Bubnov-Galerkin approach. The influence of the variation in geometry of micro-beam and change in material parameters on the pull-in conditions is investigated. The increase of 24.27% is obtained in pull-in displacement when the tip width is reduced to 0.

Abstract: Biomimetics or biomimicry is the emulation of the systems, ele-ments and models of nature for the in order to solve complicated problems. There are various biomimetics model which are developed for various opera-tions like underwater explorations, water pH detection, to check the pollution level of water, etc. This report is mainly focused of designing of fish geome-try for rescue operation. Based on the movement of real fishes, a tail me-chanical structure for fitting a carangiform of fish body wave motion is de-signed. Co-ordinating the motions of the pectoral fins and tail fin, the robotic fish can simulate the motion of real fishes in water. Basic understanding of components required for developing fish swim motion are studied. Finally, the CAD model of fish is presented followed with the simulation and prepa-ration of primary prototype.

Abstract: Emergence of rapid industrialization with recent development in technology has led to increasing trend of fossil fuel consumption that has been a major cause of global warming and climate change and has become a severe threat to global health. The global transportation sector contributing to a huge percentage of CO₂ emission, thus require some sustainable and effective fuel alternatives. Electric Vehicles (EVs) serve to minimize reliance on fossil fuels in the process of driving but still depend on these fuels indirectly in the EV charging process from the conventional grid. Thus, they cannot be considered greener completely unless they are charged from Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This study presents the state-of-art overview, status of EV charging technologies and comparison between various EV charging facilities. The paper reviews the role of EV portable chargers to reduce dependence on electricity grid and help to cope with technical challenges related to EV including driving-range anxiety, long charging time and lack of charging facilities. The study focuses on the status of latest research and development in the field of EV portable chargers throughout the world and comparative analysis between four commercially available EV portable chargers is performed to introduce a scope for improvement and development of efficient, reliable, eco-friendly and user convenient EV portable chargers.

Abstract: As concerns about oil depletion and security of supply remain as serious as ever, and in the face of the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) was seen as an alternate technology that could lead to decarbonization. However, factors such as heat generation in battery limit weaken the performance under extreme driving conditions. Therefore, it is important to investigate the possible implication of heat generation on the various components of the battery and make the best course of action for them. Therefore, understanding the effect of temperature and accurately measuring the temperature inside the batteries is important for proper battery management.

Abstract: Lightweight, small, affordable antennas that can sustain good performance over a broad spectrum of frequencies are crucial in the current development of communication systems. The Microstrip patch antennas offer a low gain, narrowband, and efficiency. To get over narrow band's constraints, numerous designs are used. To increase the bandwidth for high data rate transmission, the suggested design has a low profile circular microstrip dual ring patch antenna with slotted partial ground plane. Analyses are done on the performance of single and twin ring patch antennas. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WLAN, radar, MIMO, satellite communication, and other applications of wideband are a few. Antennas are simulated using the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).

Abstract: Rockets are the non-air breathing engines used for space exploration carrying both fuel and oxidizer and increasing the cost missions. So, to reduce the cost of space exploration, research on air breathing engines known as Scramjet engines is focused. Scramjet engine achieves hypersonic speeds by the efficient design of intake. The intake provides high pressurized flow to the combustion chamber by compressing free stream flow using shock waves generated from ramp and cowl. Thus, the strength of shock waves generated in the intake due to ramps and cowl will define the efficiency of intake. The efficient design of hypersonic intake will depend on the ramp angles and quantity of ramps, Osawtitsch and Kantrowitz criteria. This paper deals the design of hypersonic intake based on performance parameters like Total Pressure Ratio, Kinetic Energy efficiency and Static Pressure ratio using a python code for various Mach numbers 5, 6, 7 and 8. The proposed method designs mixed compression double ramp intake using oblique shock theory. The novelty of the present work is to understand the geometrical changes attained as per change in operating conditions of the engine. The hypersonic intake designed for Mach 5 is validated with CFD results and compared with analytical results using python code.

Abstract: In the recent century, rocket engine development has witnessed a vast number of technological advances made in the field. Rocket engines have been very crucial technological equipment for the human race to space. With the change in technology and requirement, the turbopump system has been crucial for the development of the rocket engine. This article provides insight into a technological improvement over the last century and gives a brief note of some of the crucial engines in humankind's history. This research highlights the roadmap to understanding the different categories of turbopump systems within liquid propulsion rocket engines and lays out a comparative study of the different turbopump configurations. This article will help researchers in understanding and appraising the works with their existing results. Further, this article will help newcomers and different researchers in getting an overview of turbopump and the various existing works performed on it and related to this field over the years.

Abstract: Solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems have become predominant in recent years and are beingwidely used as additional power supply to enhance power availability into the utility grid. Researchers have begun to explore more into the field of renewable energy sources (RES). Even though RES has environmental advantages, its unpredictable and intermittent nature, lack of proper technology, and low production efficiency has prevented RES to be a conventional energy source. Solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems produce electrical energy from solar energy. A solar panel converts the solar energy to DC electrical energy, after which a power inverter is used in order to convert DC power obtained from solar energy to AC power which can be fed to the grid. While feeding power from inverter to the grid, the synchronization of inverter output signal to that of the grid signal is necessary, without which failures and faults can occur in the grid which can damage electrical appliances. In the present work, simulation of a three-phase H-bridge voltage source inverter (VSI) is designed in MATLAB/Simulink platform. An LC filter is used to reduce the harmonic content of the inverter output. A synchronization technique is also developed for grid interconnection. A MULTISIM simulation model of a single-phase inverter along with an LC filter is prepared and finally a hardware model is fabricated.