Enhancing Carbon (iv) Oxide Adsorption from Flue Gas Mixture at Elevated Temperature Using Composite of Nanoparticles

Abstract:

Chitosan/clay materials derived from periwinkle shells and clay soil at a 50:50 ratio were prepared as adsorbents, characterized, and used for the adsorption of CO₂ from flue gas at elevated temperatures (500°C - 5000°C) in a fixed bed column (1.5 m in length and 0.02 m in internal diameter). The flue gas, with a composition of Methane (0.003), Ethane (0.002), Hydrogen (0.05), CO2 (0.15), Water Vapor (0.02), and Nitrogen (0.76), at a pressure of 49 KPa, a temperature of 5000°C, and a flow rate of 75 L/min from the exhaust tank, entered the fixed bed column for the adsorption process, where the adsorbent had already been placed. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of halogen, alcohol, nitro, and amine compounds in the nanoparticles, indicating a strong affinity for CO₂ particles in the flue gas. Additional analysis showed the presence of elements (Ca, Si, Al, and Sr) in significant compositions (0.470, 0.202, 0.186, and 0.092, respectively), suggesting that the adsorbent was resistant to high temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis of the adsorbent identified Ca(OH)₂, CaCO₃, and TiO₂ with compositions of 0.78, 0.19, and 0.026, respectively, further confirming the strong affinity of the adsorbent for CO₂. Surface morphology analysis revealed that the adsorbent’s surface was rough and contained a variety of pores or holes with different capacities, indicating that more CO₂ was captured and accommodated within the surface. Thermal analysis using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method showed that the adsorbent could withstand high temperatures of up to 9000°C. At this temperature, the adsorbent accounted for only about 18% of the material that entered the fixed bed column for adsorption, but 100% of it could remain active within the temperature range of 0°C - 3000°C. The characterization of the adsorbent showed that a pore width of 5.283 nm, a pore diameter of 2.64 nm, a micropore surface area of 434.7 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.202 cc/g, and a porosity of 56.73% were the optimal values for the adsorbent. Finally, it was revealed that 95% of CO₂ was adsorbed at optimal conditions within the temperature range of 500°C - 3500°C, time range of 0.5 - 5 hours, and bed height range of 1 - 6 cm.

• Periodical: Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 160)
• Pages: 279-289
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-3cWdqG
• Online since: February 2025
• Authors: Ojong Elias Ojong*, Preniyobo Diepriye Benibo, Fidelis Ibiang Abam, Silas Shamaye Samuel
• Keywords: Adsorption, Chitosan/Clay Nanoparticles, CO₂, Elevated Temperature, Flue Gas Mixture

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