Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 162

Abstract: The study is devoted to improving methods for assessing the possibility of irrigating agricultural land on the example of rivers in Odesa region. A probabilistic approach was used to assess the irrigation properties of water, taking into account the requirements of EU standards. Proposed: a methodology for assessing the risk of water quality deterioration and its prediction for future irrigation, a detailed typification of irrigation water, an improved methodology of DSTU 2730:2015 for assessing the risk of irrigation salinisation of soils. The paper analyses methods for assessing the quality of irrigation water and provides irrigation water characteristics of some rivers in Odesa Oblast. A significant part of the study is devoted to testing and refining the proposed methods for assessing irrigation water properties. The main results of the study are the first to be obtained in the national practice of environmental research.

Abstract: The following article represents the research on the elaboration of biodegradable films for environmentally friendly packaging based on polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch, glycerin, and borax. Growing consumption of packaging results in greater waste; the biggest part of which comprises problematic plastic packaging that is difficult and expensive to recycle. The majority of biodegradable packaging materials have insufficient technological characteristics. It is due to that the development of composite compositions based on inexpensive raw materials is a necessary condition to extend the range of high-quality safe packaging capable of minimizing environmental impact. The objective of the study is to obtain film materials based on polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch, and glycerin with the addition of sodium tetraborate and to study its mechanical and surface properties. The compositions for the film samples are prepared by an aqueous solution of Polyviol 6 04/140 polyvinyl alcohol to which water-soluble corn starch is added. The mixture is gelatinized, cooled, and glycerin and borax are added under stirring. Films are obtained by casting onto a glass substrate. The films obtained are almost transparent to the sight, soft and flexible by touch, showing good stretchability. The values of tensile strength for the films containing polyvinyl alcohol-starch, as measured by a dynamometer on a universal testing machine, are 1.5-1.7 times higher than that of samples without starch. The values for elongation at break of the films tested fall between 280 and 425%. Surface property testing of the obtained films is performed with an instrument for the determination of the wetting contact angle. Distilled water and ethylene glycol are used as test liquids for wetting. Wetting kinetics analysis of the films by water and ethylene glycol shows the possibility to make high-quality marking with necessary consumer information on them. Biodegradable films with a polyvinyl alcohol-starch mass ratio of 5:2 exhibit the best mechanical and surface properties. From a performance point of view, PVA, starch, and borax-containing films could be used as biodegradable packaging.

Abstract: Purpose. Study of the influence of users' cognitive indicators on decision-making time when using filtering half masks. Method. 10 men and 5 women who used RPA-DE filtering half masks manufactured by Research and Production Enterprise STANDART took part in the study. During the study, the time and speed of the reaction of half masks users to a stimulus were determined, which allows us to assess the speed of decision-making when performing professional activities in a polluted working environment. The tasks were performed in the absence of physical exertion: once in a half mask, another time without a half mask (control value). The tasks measured the ability to suppress obstacles (Stroop Color Word test), visual search speed, processing speed and mental flexibility, reaction speed (Trailmaking Halstead–Reitan test), level of attention and logical thinking (Raven's Test), anxiety level (IDRlabs resource .com). Three main tasks were performed by the research participant for 40 minutes, after which a test was performed to determine the level of anxiety. Results. The ability to suppress obstacles, reaction speed, and level of logical thinking did not differ significantly between the control value and when wearing a half mask. As for women, the speed of reaction was higher than for men, but in groups of both sexes (in each of the groups) there were no significant differences between tests with and without a half mask. When performing any task to determine the speed of reaction and logic of thinking while wearing a half mask, the results of men and women and when comparing them with each other did not have significant differences. At the same time, the level of anxiety during tasks was 8% higher with the use of half mask s than without it. Scientific novelty. It has been established that wearing a filtering half mask increases the level of stress and anxiety of users when performing mental tasks due to an increase in the load on the cardiovascular system. Practical value. The results show that short-term wearing of a half mask in the lack of other influences does not impair cognitive performance, which indicates the absence of additional risks when using personal protective equipment for users when performing industrial tasks .

Abstract: The article provides information about the history of heterogeneous catalysis development. The new aerosol nanocatalysis technology is shown as perspective world nanotechnology. It took up to 20 years to fully understand the technology of aerosol nanocatalysis based on the experimental results obtained. This technology became known to the world from 1996 to the present. The article contains the history of the development of catalysis and technology of aerosol nanocatalysis. The results of research on aerosol nanocatalysis technology were monitored, taking into account its application in industry. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology has been proven successful for environmentally chemical transformations. Industrial and household waste disposal processes using this technology can be called waste-free. The article analyzes the main principles of aerosol nanocatalysis technology and traditional heterogeneous catalysis. The main technological parameters of aerosol nanocatalysis technology are considered. A study of chemical transformations using the technology of aerosol nanocatalysis in a fluidized and vibrating bed was carried out. A SWOT analysis was conducted comparing the technologies of traditional heterogeneous catalysis and aerosol nanocatalysis. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology is promising for the chemical, oil refining and other industries. The ecological condition of industrial and household waste processing technology is considered resource-saving. Aerosol nanocatalysis technology has no analogues in the world. The technological scheme of aerosol nanocatalysis technology is simple. It has been established that this scheme can be applied both for stationary and mobile installations. It has been found that aerosol nanocatalysis technology can transform chemical substances with any aggregate state.

Abstract: A large number of critical raw materials are heavy metals. Heavy metals can be part of industrial waste and used to produce high-quality products. For the processing of industrial waste into nanosized materials, it is proposed to use the following directions: - conversion of waste into products with different quality requirements; - regeneration of waste to restore their consumer properties; - use of waste generated as a by-product of the process to create another product with unique properties. Successful examples of processing are given: spent iron-chromium catalyst into iron oxide pigment, water treatment waste into calcium nitrate and calcium carbonate, spent aluminum-nickel catalyst into aluminum-nickel catalyst. The resulting solid products have nanosized particles, which ensured their quality indicators.

Abstract: Hormonal regulation of plant physiological processes, including use of phytohormone-based drugs and modifiers of their activity, offers a sustainable approach to enhancing plant productivity. The aim of our work was to reveal the features of amaranth ontogenesis under the influence of auxin growth stimulants. We assessed the effects of indoleacetic, indolylbutyric, and naphthylacetic acids on germination processes, development, and productivity of amaranth plants. It was established that the use of growth stimulants increased the germination energy by 7-17%, seed germination of amaranth by 5-9%, and also promoted the development of more vigorous plants, 3-10% taller compared to the control, depending on the variety. The use of growth regulators contributed to the optimization of crop productivity, manifested in changes in the crop structure. These results demonstrate the efficacy of synthetic auxin analogs in enhancing the growth and yield of research amaranth varieties.

Abstract: As a result of the ongoing hostilities on the territory of Ukraine, the waste situation has become significantly more complicated. The load on existing landfills has increased significantly, and the morphological composition of waste has changed significantly. Work on the reconstruction and construction of new environmentally friendly landfills is being carried out slowly and in insufficient quantities. Based on the research conducted, we proposed a scenario for the management of waste generated under martial law (in particular, destruction waste) using the example of the city of Kremenchug. The capacity of the local landfill and its ability to accept such waste were investigated. Recommendations have been developed to improve the system for monitoring the state of the environment in the area of ​​influence of the landfill. To increase the efficiency of using the landfill, measures have been proposed to compact waste, which will allow its continued operation and ensure safe waste management in war conditions.

Abstract: This is a description of ecosystem services (supply, regulation, maintenance, cultural and social) of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. It is noted that the possibilities of using these ecosystem services are limited by the influence of various forms of anthropogenic activity, and from February 2022 - by the direct or indirect influence of military and combat operations within the water area and adjacent areas of the coast of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea

Abstract: This article explores the evolving concept of the "aquafood system", a term that encompasses the production, distribution, and consumption of aquatic products while prioritizing sustainability and food security. The paper provides a comprehensive semantic analysis to clarify the role of this term in both Ukrainian and global contexts, emphasizing its relevance amid rising aquaculture activities and the pressing need for food security. Recognizing the diversity and complexity of aquafood systems, the author employs latent semantic analysis (LSA) to dissect its underlying dimensions – ecological, economic, technological, and socio-political. Through extensive literature review and empirical data, the study identifies key thematic components such as resilience, economic efficiency, and inclusivity.This research reveals significant connections between aquafood systems and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in fostering climate resilience and promoting socio-economic equity. Methodologically, the study integrates conceptual, comparative, and discourse analysis to highlight how the term "aquafood system" shapes management strategies across scientific, political, and social realms. The findings underscore the importance of inclusive policies and technological innovation to support small-scale producers, strengthen resilience, and reduce inequalities.Concluding with a call for more precise definitions and interdisciplinary approaches, the article contributes to advancing the theoretical and practical understanding of aquafood systems, supporting policymakers and stakeholders in developing resilient and sustainable food systems. Future research is recommended to further refine the concept and explore actionable frameworks for managing aquafood systems in alignment with international standards and SDGs.

Abstract: The paper examines the problem of management and handling food waste. The main goals of composting system implementation have been analyzed. The specific conditions and aspects required for the implementation of centralized food waste composting system in Ukraine have been studied. The main criteria of prerequisites evaluation for implementation of food waste composting system in Ukraine are given. Recommendations on the formation of food waste management system in Ukraine are provided. An algorithm for the state environmental policy implementation in the field of food waste management in Ukraine has been developed.