Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection in an Inclined Cavity Filled with Ionanofluid

Abstract:

This work presents a numerical study of natural convection heat transfer in a cavity filled with an ionanofluid. The governing equations are solved using the finite volume method and the SIMPLEC algorithm. This study aims to analyze the effects of key parameters influencing the flow structure and heat transfer, including the Rayleigh number (Ra), the volume fraction (𝜑), the inclination angle, and the type of base fluid.The results indicate that increasing the volume fraction (𝜑) enhances heat transfer and underscores the superiority of ionic fluids over water as a base fluid. Additionally, heat transfer reaches its maximum at a specific inclination angle.

• Periodical: Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 449)
• Pages: 3-12
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-pKPL4l
• Online since: March 2026
• Authors: Mouna Benshab*, Said Bouchta, M‘Barek Feddaoui
• Keywords: Finite Volume, Heat Transfer, Inclination Angle, Ionanofluid, Natural Convection, SIMPLEC Algorithm

References

[1] Choi SUS. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. Dev Appl Non Newtonian Flows 1995; 66: 99–106.

[2] Yang Y, Zhang ZG, Grulke EA, Anderson WB, Wu G. Heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-fluid dispersions (nanofluids) in laminar flow. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 2005; 48:1107–16.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.09.038

[3] Khanafer, K., K. Vafai and M. Lightstone (2003). Buoyancy-driven heat transfer enhancement in a twodimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass transfer 46, 3639-3653.

DOI: 10.1016/s0017-9310(03)00156-x

[4] Abu-Nada, E. and H. F. Oztop (2009). Effects of inclination angle on natural convection in enclosures filled with Cu–water nanofluid. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2009.02.001

[5] N. Ben Cheikh, B. Ben Beya, and T. Lili, "Aspect ratio effect on natural convection flow in a cavity submitted to a periodical temperature boundary," J. Heat Transfer 129(8), 1060 (2007)

DOI: 10.1115/1.2728908

[6] M. M. Charafi, A. Bendaraa, and A. Hasnaoui, "Numerical modelling of natural convection in a square cavity: Effect of nanofluid volume fraction and inclination," MATEC Web Conf. 241, 01006 (2018).

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201824101006

[7] R. Mohebbi, M. Izadi, and A. J. Chamkha, "Heat source location and natural convection in a C-shaped enclosure saturated by a nanofluid," Phys. Fluids 29(12), 122009 (2017).

DOI: 10.1063/1.4993866

[8] M. A. Sheremet, I. Pop, and O. Mahian, "Natural convection in an inclined cavity with time-periodic temperature boundary conditions using nanofluids: Application in solar collectors," Int. J. Heat Mass 11 Transfer 116, 751–761 (2018).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.070

[9] A. Boualit, N. Zeraibi, T. Chergui, M. Lebbi, L. Boutina, and S. Laouar, "Natural convection investigation in square cavity filled with nanofluid using dispersion model," Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 42 (13), 8611–8623 (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.132

[10] J. Ravnik, L. Skerget, M. Hribersek, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 34(2010) 1018- 1030.

[11] F. Selimefendigil, H.F. Oztop, Mixed convection of nanofluids in a three-dimensional cavity with two adiabatic inner rotating cylinders, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 117 (2018) 331–343.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.116

[12] F. Selimefendigil, H.F. Öztop, Conjugate mixed convection of nanofluid in a cubic enclosure separated with a conductive plate and having an inner rotating cylinder Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 139 (2019) 1000–1017 1001.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.053

[13] M. Atashafrooz, Effects of Ag-water nanofluid on hydrodynamics and thermal behaviors of threedimensional separated step flow. Alex Eng J. 2018; 57:4277–85.

DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2017.07.016

[14] H. Sajjadi, A. A. Delouei, M. Sheikholeslami, M. Atashafrooz, S. Succi, Simulation of three dimensional mhd natural convection using double mrt lattice boltzmann method, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 515 (2019) 474–496

DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2018.09.164

[15] W. Zhou, Y. Yan, Y. Xie, B. Liu, Three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulation for mixed convection of nanofluids in the presence of magnetic field, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 80 (2017) 1–9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2016.11.012

[16] R. Al-Sayegh, Influence of external magnetic field inclination on three-dimensional buoyancy-driven convection in an open trapezoidal cavity filled with cnt-water nanofluid, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 148 (2018) 756– 765.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2018.09.032

[17] S. Bouchta and M. Feddaoui, Numerical simulation of free convection in a three-dimensional enclosure full of nanofluid with the existence a magnetic field, European Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 22, no. 6, (2020), 405–411.

DOI: 10.18280/ejee.220602

[18] A.A.A.A. Al-Rashed, K. Kalidasan, L. Kolsi, A. Aydi, E.H. Malekshah, A.K. Hussein, P. Rajesh Kanna, Three-dimensional investigation of the effects of external magnetic field inclination on laminar natural convection heat transfer in CNT–water nanofluid filled cavity, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 252 (2018) 454-468.

DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.006