Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications Vol. 38

Abstract: This research investigated the magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si) content, and aging temperature's effect on the microstructure and hardness of Al-Mg-Si alloys using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The study varied Mg content between 0.4% and 1%, Si content from 0.4% to 0.8%, and aging temperatures between 170 °C to 210 °C. The findings revealed that increasing the Mg content from 0.85% to 1% and optimizing aging temperatures between 180 °C and 195 °C significantly improved hardness, primarily due to the enhanced formation of magnesium silicide precipitates (Mg₂Si). In contrast, lower Mg levels of 0.4%, Si content below 0.42%, or aging temperatures lower than 170 °C or higher than 200 °C resulted in reduced hardness. This reduction in hardness is linked to the limited precipitation of Mg₂Si, which diminishes the obstacles to dislocation movement.

Abstract: Dross formation during the melting of twitch aluminium scrap using boric acid washing method, was investigated employing a Taguchi-based approach. The study aimed to analyse the impact of different treatment durations with a 1M concentration of boric acid on dross formation characteristics. Experimental trials involved treating twitch aluminium scrap samples with boric acid solutions for 15 to 60 minutes. Subsequently, dross formation characteristics were analysed using statistical techniques based on Taguchi analysis. Results unveiled significant variations in dross formation among treatment durations, indicating that longer treatment times led to decreased dross formation, particularly notable beyond the 30-minute mark. Taguchi's analysis confirmed the significance of treatment duration on dross formation, underscoring the effectiveness of the boric acid washing method in reducing dross formation during twitch aluminium scrap melting. This study offers valuable insights into optimising the boric acid washing method to diminish dross formation during twitch aluminium scrap melting, thereby enhancing efficiency and quality in aluminium recycling processes. Notably, the aim of the research systematically investigate the influence of treatment duration with a 1M concentration of boric acid on dross formation characteristics, providing practical guidance for implementing the boric acid washing method in industrial settings. Keywords: Dross, twitch aluminium scrap, boric acid, Taguchi analysis, recycling, waste management.

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of advanced deep learning techniques and machine vision technologies aimed at automating defect recognition tasks with unparalleled accuracy and efficiency. Various methodologies, including deep random chains combined with adaptive Faster R-CNN, Gradient-weighted Flaw Detecting using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and established architectures like Faster R-CNN and YOLOv5, are discussed. These methods leverage CNNs’ robustness in image classification tasks and feature extraction capabilities to improve defect detection accuracy on machined components. Furthermore, the integration of machine vision with optical inspection platforms enables rapid defect recognition, classification, and localization, significantly enhancing the overall quality control process in manufacturing environments. Visualizations of defect recognition scores and improvements in accuracy demonstrate the effectiveness of these methodologies, highlighting their potential to drive efficiency and competitiveness in the manufacturing industry. Overall, the continuous evolution and integration of these technologies offer immense potential for transforming quality control practices and driving excellence in defect detection in machined parts.

Abstract: This paper explores advanced methods and techniques for defect detection, focusing on their effectiveness, challenges, and implications for industrial applications. We explore the combination of CNNs with deflectometry and dark-field polarization imaging for surface defect detection in refrigerator manufacturing and optical components inspection, respectively. We highlight the importance of automated inspection systems in detecting surface defects and discuss the challenges associated with real-time defect detection and limited datasets. This study contributes to advancing defect detection methodologies and provides valuable insights for industrial quality control processes.

Abstract: The trajectories of particles scattered on ideal surfaces of CdTe (001) < 110> have been calculated. The characteristic trajectories was received for Ar⁺ ions by initial energy 1 keV and at the angles of bombardment y=3⁰ and 7⁰. This trajectories studied by using semichannel model. It was shown that the trajectories of scattered ions from the surface atomic row, from the wall of the semichannel and from the bottom of the semichannel differ from each other. The first trajectories of scattered ions from a surface semichannel consisting of five Cd and Te atoms arranged layer-by-layer in two layers were obtained. The shapes of these three types of trajectories are discussed and the energies, scattering coefficients, and inelastic energy losses of the scattered ions are calculated. It is shown that the energy values, scattering coefficient and inelastic energy losses of scattered ions from surface atomic rows differ little from each other. For ions scattered from the wall of the semichannel and from the bottom of the semichannel, the values of these parameters lie in the range.

Abstract: Cement is frequently utilized in the building business across the world, and experts are currently looking for an acceptable and usable unused product that would substantially reduce cement consumption and production costs. Eggshell is one of the waste materials created by the chicken egg industry, and its production has been gradually rising in recent years, adding to environmental and disposal concerns. The chicken eggshell is a bio-ceramic composite that is a solid waste material whose final disposal is complicated and expensive. Following that, the presence of organic egg shells in the form of calcium carbonate improves the self-compacting capabilities of concrete and increases particle packing and spacer effects. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of bio-cement eggshell composites, investigate the microstructure of eggshells by scanning emission microscope (SEM) and determine the phase distribution of eggshell composites by using x-ray diffraction (XRD).