Intravenous Infusion Monitoring and Flow Control System Equipped with Automatic Air Bubble Detection

Abstract:

In clinical care, intravenous infusion is one of the best ways for continuous drug delivery or clinical therapy. In most medical institutions, the workload of nurses and patient care increases due to fluctuating populations. This causes an increase in the work intensity of medical personnel. If the infusion is not monitored properly, it will lead to a medical accident. The problem is also affected due to the lack of economical and automatic infusion monitoring devices. In this case, it is proposed to design an automatic infusion control instrumentation that can detect the presence of air bubbles in the infusion to prevent air bubbles from entering the body and detect the rate of infusion flow. The proposed device is equipped with Thin Film Transistor technology (TFT) which functions to display and enter information about the condition of the intravenous infusion and a buzzer as a reminder alarm when an undesirable condition occurs. System accuracy and precision are verified for all flow rates. The results of the drops per minute test show accuracy with an error percentage of less than 2% within 1 minute. The device can detect the presence of air bubbles at high speed for response times below 20 ms and reduce the possibility of air bubbles escaping in the infusion hose according to the system test results that have been carried out. In the evaluation using target 20 drops per minute the infusion flow rate changes stably according to the angular movement of the servo motor. So it is hoped that the proposed system can help officers to monitor the condition of infusion and reduce the work intensity of medical workers.

• Periodical: Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 55)
• Pages: 204-215
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xhon56
• Online since: March 2022
• Authors: Riske Ayu Nur Aini, Rachmad Setiawan*, Josaphat Pramudijanto
• Keywords: Buzzer, Intravenous Infusion, Reminder Alarm, Servo Motor, TFT

References

[1] Shaojun Jiang and Yilin He, A low power circuit for medical drip infusion monitoring system,, IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT), Pp. 342-345, (2020).

DOI: 10.1109/smartiot49966.2020.00062

[2] Cyril Bresch, David Hély, Stéphanie Chollet, and Roman Lysecky, SecPump: A Connected Open-Source Infusion Pump for Security Research Purposes,, IEEE Embedded Systems Letters, Vol. 13, Pp. 21–24, (2021).

DOI: 10.1109/les.2020.2979595

[3] Meo Vincent Caya, Marvin U. Cosindad, Nicanor I. Marcelo Jr., Jose Nicolas M. Santos, and Jumelyn L. Torres, Design and Implementation of an Intravenous Infusion Control and Monitoring System,, IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Asia (ICCE-Asia), (2019).

DOI: 10.1109/icce-asia46551.2019.8941599

[4] Guanglou Zheng, Wencheng Yang, Craig Valli, Rajan Shankaran, Haider Abbas, Guanghe Zhang, Gengfa Fang, Junaid Chaudhry, and Li Qiao, Fingerprint Access Control for Wireless Insulin Pump Systems Using Cancelable Delaunay Triangulations,, IEEE Access, Vol. 7, Pp. 75629– 75641, (2019).

DOI: 10.1109/access.2019.2920850

[5] Y. Zhang S.F., Zhang Y., and Ji G.X. Wu, Wireless sensor network-enabled intravenous infusion monitoring,, IET Wireless Sensor Systems, Vol. 1, Iss. 4, Pp. 241–247, (2011).

DOI: 10.1049/iet-wss.2011.0031

[6] Agung W. Setiawan, Nurul Yenas, and Deddy Welsan, Design and Realization of Low-Cost Wireless Remote Infusion Monitoring System,, International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication, Pp. 151-154, (2018).

DOI: 10.1109/isemantic.2018.8549820

[7] J. P. Silva, B. A. Rodrigues, J. C. S. Casado, and S. S. R. F. Rosa, Infusion Pump: Bond Graph Mathematical Modeling for Blood Pressure Control,, IEEE Latin America Transactions, Vol. 16, Pp. 1569 – 1573, 20018.

DOI: 10.1109/tla.2018.8444151

[8] Mikroelektronika, mikroC PRO for PIC,, Software and Hardware Solutions For Embedded World, (2009).

[9] Amelia Klarich, Thomas Z, Noonan Chris Reichlen, St Marie J, Barbara, Laura Cullen, Priyadarshini R. Pennathur, Usability of smart infusion pumps: A heuristic evaluation,, Applied Ergonomics, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103584

[10] Yonghong Zhang, Xinfeng Shen, Qing Yang, Chengshan Qian, and Guangchi Liu, Infusion Auxiliary Service System Based on Zigbee Wireless Network,, Special Section on Human-Centered Smart Systems and Technologies, Vol. 6, (2018).

DOI: 10.1109/access.2018.2809676

[11] Cuilin Bei, Yanli Liu, and Jungai Gu, Medical intelligent infusion monitoring system based on 5G network and FPGA,, Microprocessors and Microsystems, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103393

[12] Hidekuni Ogawa, Hiromichi Maki, Sosuke Tsukamoto, Yoshiharu Yonezawa, Hikaru Amano, and W. Morton Caldwell, A new drip infusion solution monitoring system with a free-flow detection function,, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Pp. 1214-1217, (2010).

DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5626449

[13] Taeyang Kim, Jinwook Kim, Student Member, Ieee, And Xiaoning Jiang, Transit Time Difference Flowmeter For Intravenous Flow Rate Measurement Using 1–3 Piezoelectric Composite Transducers,, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 17, No. 17, September 1, (2017).

DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2017.2727340

[14] Ramisha Rani K., Shabana N., Tanmayee P., Loganathan S., and Dr. Velmathi G., Smart Drip Infusion Monitoring System for Instant Alert – Through nRF24L01,, IEEE Access, Pp. 452-455, (2017).

DOI: 10.1109/icnets2.2017.8067976

[15] George W. Carpenter, Holly G. Myers, Eric A. Sherer, Katie A. Evans, and D. Patrick O'neal, Closed-Loop Intravenous Drug Administration Using Photoplethysmography,, IEEE Journal Of Transisation Engineering In Health And Medicine, Vol. 6, (2018).

DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2018.2879090

[16] Huang Chen Lee and Jheng Sing Lin, An Open-Source Wearable Sensor System for Detecting Extravasation of Intravenous Infusion,, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 70, (2021).

DOI: 10.1109/tim.2020.3025394

[17] Richard Crowder, Stepper Motors,, Electric Driver and Electromechanical System (Second Edition), Pp. 209-226, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102884-1.00008-x

[18] George W. Carpenter, Holly G. Myers, Eric A. Sherer, Katie A. Evans, and D. Patrick O'neal, Closed-Loop Intravenous Drug Administration Using Photoplethysmography,, IEEE Journal Of Transisation Engineering In Health And Medicine, Vol. 6, (2018).

DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2018.2879090

[19] Huang-Chen Lee and Jheng-Sing Lin, An Open-Source Wearable Sensor System for Detecting Extravasation of Intravenous Infusion,, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 70, (2020).

DOI: 10.1109/tim.2020.3025394

[20] Yuan Ping, Bin Hao, Xiali Hei, Yazhou Tu, Xiaojiang Du, and Jie Wu, Feature Fusion And Voiceprint-Based Access Control For Wireless Insulin Pump Systems,, IEEE Access , Vol. 7, (2019).

DOI: 10.1109/access.2019.2937805

[21] Nicola Giaquinto, Marco Scarpetta, Maurizio Spadavecchia, and Gregorio Andria, Feature Deep Learning-Based Computer Vision for Real-Time Intravenous Drip Infusion Monitoring,,  IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 21, Pp. 14148 – 14154, (2021).

DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2020.3039009

[22] Karen Kan Wilton and C.Levine, Infusion Pumps,, Anesthesia Equipment (Third Edition), (2021).

[23] Mikroelektronika, Creating the First Project in MikroC PRO for ARM,, (2014).

[24] M.L. Li and G.W. Zhang, in: The Medical Infusion Alarm System Based on the Smart Phone Platform, edited by M.L. Li and G.W. Zhang, Pp. 1146-1150, (2013).

[25] Sensirion, Liquid Flow Meter Kits for SF06 based Liquid Flow Meters,, Operating Guidelines for Liquid Flow Meter Kits, (2019).