Paper Titles

Enhanced Reduction of Carbon-Iron Ore Composite Briquettes under Varying Pressing Forces via Direct Microwave Heating
p.3

Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets Containing Blast Furnace Dust
p.11

Reduction of the Residue from the Leaching Process of Electric Arc Furnace Dust
p.17

Crystallization of Rice Husk Produced Silica and Silicon Carbide
p.27

Optimization of Ingredients in Polystyrene Waste-Based Adhesive for Wood-to-Wood Bonding Using Experimental Planning
p.33

Evaluation the Medicinal Potential of Phallus indusiatus as a Protein-Rich Source for Applications in Meat Analogs
p.43

Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan for Biomedical Applications
p.49

Effect of Slenderness Ratio on the Behavior of RC Bearing Walls under Fire Exposure
p.61

Effect of Concrete Compressive Strength on the Bond Performance of Flexural Prisms Externally Strengthened with CFRP Laminates
p.71

HomeKey Engineering MaterialsKey Engineering Materials Vol. 1005Optimization of Ingredients in Polystyrene...

Optimization of Ingredients in Polystyrene Waste-Based Adhesive for Wood-to-Wood Bonding Using Experimental Planning

Article Preview

Abstract:

In this study, an adhesive was prepared using waste polystyrene foam for wood-to-wood bonding. The effects of natural rubber (NR) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) content on adhesion were investigated. NR modifies polystyrene, acting as a plasticizer to address its hardness and brittleness, while MDI functions as a curing agent for the adhesive system. Characteristics such as the viscosity and wettability of the liquid adhesive were determined. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to evaluate the properties and structure of the resulting adhesive films. The bonding ability between two wood plates using this adhesive was evaluated through tensile shear strength and impact strength. An experimental plan was devised to identify the optimal content of NR and MDI, providing the highest tensile shear strength and impact strength of the bond. The research revealed that the highest tensile shear strength achieved was 3.87 N/mm² at 16.468% NR and 7.882 phr MDI, while the highest impact strength reached 15.352 kJ/m² with NR and MDI contents of 16.079% and 7.620 phr, respectively. The experimental planning models demonstrated a good fit for predicting tensile shear strength and impact strength.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

International Conference on Advanced Materials and Technology (ICAMT)

Materials for Engineering, Food and Biomedical Applications, Sustainable Technologies and Waste Recycling

Info:

Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1005)

Pages:

33-40

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-o1zFmt

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

December 2024

Authors:

Hoan Nguyen Cong, Hoa Nguyen, Vu Anh Doan*

Keywords:

Experimental Plan, Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate, Natural Rubber, Waste Polystyrene, Wood Adhesive, Wood Bonding

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] C. Shin, Filtration application from recycled expanded polystyrene, J. Colloid Interfaces Sci. 302 (2006) 267-271.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.05.058

[2] S. A. Osemeahon, U. Reuben, E. Emmanuel, Development of adhesive from polystyrene waste, BIOMED Natural Appl. Sci. 2 (2022) 13-24.

DOI: 10.53858/bnas02011324

[3] R. V. Sekharan, B. T. Abraham, E. T. Thachil, Utilization of waste expanded polystyrene: Blends with silica-filled natural rubber, Mater. Des. 40 (2012) 221-228.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.03.042

[4] G. Ormondroyd, Adhesives for wood composites, in: M.P. Ansell (Ed.), Wood Composites, Woodhead Publishing, 2015, pp.47-66.

DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-78242-454-3.00003-2

[5] M. A. R. Lubis, F. P. Sari, R. P. B. Laksana, W. Fatriasari, E. Hermiati, Ambient curable natural rubber latex adhesive cross-linked with polymeric isocyanate for bonding wood, Polym. Bull. 79 (2022) 6745-6757.

DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03845-0

[6] M.A.R. Lubis, F. Falah, D. Harini, Sudarmanto, A. Kharisma, B. Tjahyono, W. Fatriasari, B. Subiyanto, L. Suryanegara, A.H. Iswanto, Enhancing the performance of natural rubber latex with polymeric isocyanate as cold-pressing and formaldehyde free adhesive for plywood, J. Adhes. 99 (2023) 58-73.

DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2021.1999233

[7] J. Kajtna, M. Krajnc, "Design of experiments" analysis in study of solventless UV crosslinkable acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 41 (2013) 152-159.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2012.11.005

[8] J. Antony, Design of experiments for engineers and scientists, third ed., Elsevier, 2023.

[9] W. Akram, N. Garud, Optimization of inulin production process parameters using response surface methodology, Future J. Pharm. Sci. 6 (2020) 1-9.

DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00087-1

[10] A. Vohra, T. Satyanarayana, Statistical optimization of the medium components by response surface methodology to enhance phytase production by Pichia anomala, Process Biochem. 37 (2002) 999-1004.

DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(01)00308-9

[11] R. Asaletha, M. Kumaran, S. Thomas, Thermoplastic elastomers from blends of polystyrene and natural rubber: morphology and mechanical properties, Eur. Polym. J. 35 (1999) 253-271.

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(98)00115-3

[12] D. S. Patel, S. Toliwal, J. Patel, Eco-friendly adhesives based on tannin and N, N-bis (2-hydroxy-ethyl) fatty amides (HEFAs) from non-traditional oils for wood bonding, J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 26 (2012) 2217-2227.

DOI: 10.1163/156856111x610144

[13] Y. Ma, Y. Zhang, X. Liu, J. Gu, Synthesis of isocyanate microcapsules as functional crosslinking agent for wood adhesive, J. Adhes. 97 (2021) 38-52.

DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2019.1625039

[14] C. M. Obele, M. E. Ibenta, J. O. Ogbuagu, Production and characterization of an ecofriendly polystyrene waste adhesive made with toluene–acetone solvent, Polym. Bull. 81 (2024) 1-19.

DOI: 10.1007/s00289-024-05196-y

[15] G. Nakanishi, T. Okamoto, M. Takatani, Thermosetting adhesive based on tannin and poly (N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide), J. Adhes. 84 (2008) 638-652.

DOI: 10.1080/00218460802255517

[16] B. Zhang, S. Jiang, G. Du, M. Cao, X. Zhou, Z. Wu, T. Li, Polyurea-formaldehyde resin: a novel wood adhesive with high bonding performance and low formaldehyde emission, J. Adhes. 97 (2021) 477-492.

DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2019.1679631

[17] D. Chen, H. Shao, W. Yao, B. Huang, Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of polyisoprene of a different microstructure, Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2013 (2013) 1-5.

DOI: 10.1155/2013/937284

[18] M.L.M. Budlayan, J.N. Patricio, J.P. Lagare-Oracion, S.D. Arco, A.C. Alguno, A. Basilio, F.S. Latayada, R.Y. Capangpangan, Improvised centrifugal spinning for the production of polystyrene microfibers from waste expanded polystyrene foam and its potential application for oil adsorption, J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 68 (2021) 1-11.

DOI: 10.1186/s44147-021-00030-y

[19] J. Fang, Y. Xuan, Q. Li, Preparation of polystyrene spheres in different particle sizes and assembly of the PS colloidal crystals, Sci. China Technol. Sci. 53 (2010) 3088-3093.

DOI: 10.1007/s11431-010-4110-5

[20] E. Cheng, X. Sun, Effects of wood-surface roughness, adhesive viscosity and processing pressure on adhesion strength of protein adhesive, J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 20 (2006) 997-1017.

DOI: 10.1163/156856106777657779

[21] L. Qie, M. A. Dubé, Manipulation of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration to modify latex micro-structure for pressure-sensitive adhesives, Eur. Polym. J. 46 (2010) 1225-1236.

DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.02.014