Evaluation of the Hydration of Portland Cement Modified with Polyvinyl Alcohol and Nano Clay

Abstract:

Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) is a polymer soluble in hot water, it has the property of film formation and it can improve the concrete performance. The effects of PVA modified with nano clay on the cement hydration reaction have been investigated by means of semiadiabatic calorimeter, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to monitor chemical transformation of cement. The morphology of the different samples was compared by means of SEM micrographs. With the semiadiabatic calorimeter the hydration kinetic was measured to compare the heat rate of the admixtures materials. Fixing the water–cement ratio, w/c, in 0,45, the ratio of polymer to cement (p/c) was 2 wt% and the ratio of clay to polymer was 4 wt% (0.8wt.% related to cement). The polymer and modified polymer admixtures produced a retardation effect on the kinetic of cement hydration, but the clay acts as nucleating agent. The increase of the temperature with time was measured and a new model with four parameters was employed and the kinetic parameters were determined for each sample.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 466)
• Pages: 47-56
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.466.47
• Online since: January 2011
• Authors: Teresa María Piqué, Humberto Balzamo, Analía Vázquez
• Keywords: Bentonite, Cement, Clay, Hydration, Poly(vinyl alcohol), Polymer

References

[1] K. Van Breugel, Modelling of cement-based systems-the alchemy of cement chemistry, Cement an Concrete Research, Vol 34 (2004) p.1661.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.02.016

[2] H. M Jennings and S. K Johnson, Simulation of microstructure development during the hydration of a cement compound, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 69 , N°11 (1986) p.790.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1986.tb07361.x

[3] K. Maekawa, R. Chaube and T. Kishi, Modeling of Concrete Performance: Hydration, Microstructure Formation and Transport, E&FN SPON, UK, London, (1999).

[4] P. Navi and C. Pignat, Simulation of cement hydration and the connectivity of the capillary pore space, Advanced Cement Based Material, Vol 4, N° 2 (1996) p.58.

DOI: 10.1016/s1065-7355(96)90052-8

[5] F. Lin and C. Meyer, Hydration kinetics modeling of Portland cement considering the effects of curing temperature and applied pressure, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol 39 (2009) p.255.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.01.014

[6] T. Knudsen, Modeling hydration of Portland cement — the effect of particle size distribution, in: J.F. Young (Ed. ), in: Characterization and Performance Prediction of Cement and Concrete, United Engineering Trustees, Inc., New Hampshire, USA, (1982).

[7] A.A. Basma, S.A., Barakat and S. Al-Oraimi, Prediction of cement degree of hydrationusing artificial neural networks, ACI Materials Journal, Vol 96, N° 2 (1999) p.167.

[8] A.K. Schindler and K.J. Folliard, Heat of hydration models for cementitious materials, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 102, N°1 (2005) p.24.

[9] D.P. Bentz, Influence of water-to-cement ratio on hydration kinetics: simple models based on spatial considerations, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol 36, N°2 (2006) p.238.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.04.014

[10] S Chandra and Y. Ohama, in: Polymers in Concrete, CRC, Boca Raton, (1994).

[11] D. A Silva and P.J.M. Monteiro, ESEM analysis of polymeric film in EVA-modified cement paste, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol 35 (2005) p. (2047).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.037

[12] R. Wang, X-G Li. and Wang P-M, Influence of polymer on cement hydration in SBR-modified cement pastes, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 36 (2006) p.1744.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.05.020

[13] K.L. Scrivener and R J Kirkpatrick, Innovation in use and research on cementitious material, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 38 (2008) p.128.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.025

[14] D.R. Paul and L. M Roberson, Polymer nanotechnology: Nanocomposites, Polymer, Vol. 49 (2008) p.3187.

[15] K. E. Strawhecker and E. Manias, Structure and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Na+ Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Chemical Materials, Vol. 12 (2000) p.2943.

DOI: 10.1021/cm000506g

[16] N Ogata, S Kawakage and T Ogihara, Poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay and Poly(ethylene oxide)-clay Blends Prepared Using Water as Solvent, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 66 (1997) p.573.

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19971017)66:3<573::aid-app19>3.0.co;2-w

[17] L Ludueña, V. Bálzamo, A. Vázquez and V.A. Alvarez, Evaluation of Methods for Stiffness Predictions of Polymer Based nanocomposites: Theoretical Background and Examples of Applications (PCL-clay nanocomposites). in Nanomaterials: Properties, Preparation and Processes by Silva, Cabral and Cabral V. Editorial: Nova Publishers; NY, USAISBN: 978-1-60876-627-7 . In press (2009).

[18] J. P. Pascault, H. Sautereau, J. Verdu and R.J.J. Williams, in: Thermosetting Polymers, Marcel Dekker Inc., (2002).

DOI: 10.1201/9780203908402

[19] L. D'Aloiaa and G. Chanvillard Determining the 'apparent', activation energy of concrete Ea—numerical simulations of the heat of hydration of cement, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 32 (2002) p.1277.

DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8846(02)00791-3

[20] H. Kada-Benameur, E. Wirquin and B. Duthoit, Determination of apparent activation energy of concrete by isothermal calorimetry, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 30 (2000) p.301.

DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8846(99)00250-1

[21] H.M. Jennings, B. J Dalgleish and P.L. Pratt, Morphological Development of Hydrating Tricalcium Silicate as Examined by Electron Microscope Techniques, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 64 (1981) p.567.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1981.tb10219.x

[22] J-M Thomasin, Ch Pagnoulle, G Caldarella, A Germain and R Jérome, Contribution of nanoclays to the barrier properties of a model proton exchange membrane for fuell cell application, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 270 (2006) p.50.

DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.06.041

[23] K Maekawa, T. Ishida and T. Kishi, Multi-scale Modeling of Concrete Performance Integrated Material and Structural Mechanics. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, Vol. 1 N°2 (2002) p.91.

DOI: 10.3151/jact.1.91

[24] X-Y Wang and H-S Lee, Modeling the hydration of concrete incorporating fly ash or slag, Cement and Concrete Research, in press (2010).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.03.001

[25] A Fernández-Jiménez. and F. Puertas, Alkali-activated slag cements: Kinetic studies Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 27, N°3 (1997) p.359.

DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8846(97)00040-9

[26] K. van Breugel and Y. Guang, Analyses of Hydration Processes and Microstructural Development of Ultra High Performance Concrete through Numerical Simulation, Proc. Int. Conf. On Ultra High Perfor-mance Concrete, Ed. M. Schmidt, (2004) p.253.

[27] P. Freiesleben-Hansen and E. J Pedersen, in: Curing of Concrete Structures, CEB Information Bulletin, Vol. 166 (1985) 42 p.

[28] AK Schindler and K. J Folliard, Heat of hydration models for cementitious materials, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 102, N°1 (2005) p.24.

[29] E. Knapen and D. Van Gemert, Cement hydration and microstructure formation in the presence of water-soluble polymers, Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 39 (2009) p.6.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.10.003

[30] M. Cervera, R. Faria, J. Oliver and T. Prato, Numerical modeling of concrete curing, regarding hydration and temperature phenomena, Computers and Structures, Vol. 80, N°18–19 (2002) p.1511.

DOI: 10.1016/s0045-7949(02)00104-9

[31] S. Sonawane, P. Chandhan, S. Ghodkes, S. Phadtare and S. Meshran, Ultrasonic assisted adsorption of basic dye onto organically modified bentonite (nanoclay), Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Vol. 68 (2009) p.162.