Analyze of the Contact Behaviour between Two Layers of Dry Glass Plain Weave Fabric

Abstract:

The market demand for thicker complex shaped structural composite parts is increasing. Processes of the Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) family, such as Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) are considered to manufacture such parts. The first stage of the RTM process concerns the preforming of the part. During the preforming of multi-layered reinforcements, friction between the plies occurs and needs to be characterize and then to be taken into account for the forming simulation. An experimental device designed to analyze the ply/ply, ply/tool and yarn/yarn frictions has been built. Tests carried out on a glass plain weave highlight specific contact behaviour for dry reinforcement fabric in comparison to non-technical textiles. This behaviour exhibits a substantial variation of the contact tangential loads which is directly related to shocks between the yarns. It demonstrated that period and amplitude of the friction response is directly related to the relative positioning of the samples but also to fabric meso-strucrure. In addition, the sample relative orientation has a significant influence on the friction response. The meso-architecture is responsible for the high variations of the friction coefficient as a function of the ply orientations for different fabrics. In addition, the friction response appears to be very sensitive to tests parameters like the relative positioning, orientation of the samples and the cycling. A honing effect classically observed in dry fabric testing has also been pointed out through cyclic experiments. It can be attributed to both fibre material abrasion and fibre reorganisation inside the yarn.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volumes 504-506)
• Pages: 313-318
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.504-506.313
• Online since: February 2012
• Authors: Samir Allaoui, Gilles Hivet, Pierre Ouagne
• Keywords: Contact, Dry Fabric, Friction, Woven Reinforcement

References

[1] S. Hivet G., Allaoui S., Soulat D. Wendling A. Chatel, Analysis of woven reinforcement preforming using an experimental approach, The 17th International Conference on Composite Materials., EICC, Edinburgh, UK, 27-31 Jul 2009.

DOI: 10.1007/s12289-012-1116-5

[2] K. Vanclooster, S. Lomov, and I. Verpoest, Simulation of multi-layered composites forming, International Journal of Material Forming. 3 (2010) 695–698.

DOI: 10.1007/s12289-010-0865-2

[3] N. Hamila, P. Boisse, A meso macro three node finite element for draping of textile composite performs, Applied Composite Materials. 14 (2007) 235–250.

DOI: 10.1007/s10443-007-9043-1

[4] J. Launay, G. Hivet, A.V. Duong, and P. Boisse, Experimental analysis of the influence of tensions on in plane shear behaviour of woven composite reinforcements, Composites Science and Technology. 68 (2) (2008) 506–515.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.021

[5] J. Cao, R. Akkerman, P. Boisse, J. Chen, H.S. Cheng, E.F. de Graaf, J.L. Gorczyca, P. Harrison, G. Hivet, J. Launay, W. Lee, L. Liu, S.V. Lomov, A. Long, E. de Luycker, F. Morestin, J. Padvoiskis, X.Q. Peng, J. Sherwood, Tz. Stoilova, X.M. Tao, I. Verpoest, A. Willems, J. Wiggers, T.X. Yu, B. Zhu, Characterization of mechanical behavior of woven fabrics: Experimental methods and benchmark results, Composites Part A. 39 (6) (2008) 1037–1053.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.02.016

[6] E. de Bilbao, G. Soulat, D. Launay, J. Hivet, A. Gasser, Experimental study of bending behaviour of reinforcements, Experimental Mechanics. 50 (3) (2010) 333–351.

DOI: 10.1007/s11340-009-9234-9

[7] R. H. W. ten Thije, R. Akkerman, Design of an experimental setup to measure tool-ply and ply-ply friction in thermoplastic laminates, International Journal of Material Forming. 2 (2009) 197-200.

DOI: 10.1007/s12289-009-0638-y

[8] S. Rebouillat, Tribological properties of woven para-aramid fabrics and their constituent yarns, Journal of Materials Science. 33 (1998) 3293–3301.

[9] Jennifer L. Gorczyca, James A. Sherwood, Lu Liu, Julie Chen, Modeling of friction and shear in thermostamping of composites: part I, Journal of Composite Materials. 38 (21) (2004) 1911–1929.

DOI: 10.1177/0021998304048416

[10] S. Allaoui, G. Hivet, A. Wendling, D. Soulat, S. Chatel, Experimental approach for optimizing dry fabric formability, The 14th European Conference on Composite Materials (ECCM 14), Budapest, Hungary, ID347-ECCM14, 7-10 June, 2010.

[11] G. Hivet, S. Allaoui, B.T. Cam, P. Ouagne, D. Soulat, Design and potentiality of an apparatus for measuring yarn/yarn and fabric/fabric friction, Experimental Mechanics. (2011).

DOI: 10.1007/s11340-011-9566-0

[12] S. Allaoui , G. Hivet, A. Wendling, P. Ouagne, Soulat, Influence of the dry woven fabrics meso-structure on fabric/fabric contact behaviour, Journal of Composite Materials, Accepted (2011).

DOI: 10.1177/0021998311424627