Halal Based Sourced EM for Turbidity Reducing in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract:

Effective Microorganism (EM) technology was found as the credible solution to solve many environmental problems including wastewater issues. The EM which is in the form of EM mud ball was tested to be effectively used for waste treatment that comes from the factories, resident area, and also agriculture sector. Furthermore, the polluted rivers can also being applied with this product in order to improve the water quality. Until today, the halal issues caused by the ingredients of EM still are not clearly mentioned by the manufacturer and becomes a concerns to most of the Islamic country like Malaysia. As the solution, halal based source are suggested in utilization of Effective Microorganism (EM). The result of the experiment shows that EM mud ball has the potential to solve the problem regarding treating the wastewater as it positively reducing the level of turbidity.Keywords: Effective microorganism (EM), Halal based sourced, turbidity, waste treatment

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volumes 594-595)
• Pages: 191-195
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.594-595.191
• Online since: December 2013
• Authors: Z. Zarina, Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacob, A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri, C.M. Ruzaidi
• Keywords: Effective Microorganism (EM), Halal Based Sourced, Turbidity, Waste Treatment

References

[1] Higa, T. (1991).

[2] Zuraini Zakaria , Sanjay Gairola & Noresah Mohd Shariff (2010).

[3] Mandy Barrow @mandybarrow. com (2012), River Pollution, Woodlands Junior School, Hunt Road Tonbridge Kent TN10 4BB UK.

[4] Annick Bernalier, Gerard Fonty, Fredderique Bonnemoy, and Philippe Gouet (1992).

[5] Parr, J.F. and S.B. Hornick. (1992), Utilization of municipal wastes, In F.B. Metting (ed. ) Soil Microbial Ecology: Applications in Agriculture and Environmental Management. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, USA. pp.545-559.

[6] Higa, T. & Chinen, N. 1998, EM Treatments of Odor, Waste Water, and Environmental Problems, College of Agriculture, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.

[7] Higa, T. (1995), Beneficial and effective microorganisms for a sustainable agriculture and environment.

[8] Vanessa Walter, Christoph Syldatk, and Rudolf Hausmann (2010).

[9] Xin yang, Xu, Xi, Chen, Yindi, and Fan (2009), Screening and domestication of high effective microorganism used in oil containing wastewater remediation. (Report), Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP).

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2009.12019

[10] Teo, K. C. * and Teoh, S. M. (2011), Preliminary biological screening of microbes isolate from cow dung in Kampar, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. African Journal of.

DOI: 10.21315/jes2019.15.2.1

[11] Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Akmal Hadi Ma'Radzi, Noor Akmal Mohamad Saleh, Syazni Zainul Kamal and Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacob (2011).

[12] Jan R. Hygnstrom, Sharon O. Skipton, Wayne E. Woldt (2008).

[13] Ndegwa PM, Thompson SA, Merka WC (2000), A dynamic simulation model of in-situ composting of caged-layers' manure. Compost Sci Util 2000; 8(3): 190–(2002).

DOI: 10.1080/1065657x.2000.10701991

[14] Mccoy, W.F. & B.H. Olson, (1986), Relationship among turbidity, particle counts and bacteriological quality within water distribution lines. Water Res. 20: 1023.

DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(86)90045-x

[15] S. Karthick Raja Namsivayam, G. Narendrakumar and J. Arvind Kumar (2011), Evaluation of Effective Microorganism (EM) for treatment of domestic sewage, Journal of Experimental Sciences Vol. 2, Issue 7, Pages 30-32.

[2011] .

[16] National Small Flows Clearinghouse. (1997), Basic wastewater characteristics. Pipeline 8(4): 2-6 (Fall).

[17] Burks, B.D. and M.M. Minnis. (1994), Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems. Madison, WI: Hogarth House, LTD.