Key Engineering Materials Vol. 608

Abstract: In tropical countries like Thailand, a defect called soda bloom is a common problem for glass manufacturers, particularly in a rainy season. Soda bloom occurs from the reaction between sodium in glass surfaces and water in the atmosphere. The presence of soda bloom depends directly on the hydrolytic resistance of glass. The poorer hydrolytic resistance is the more and easier soda bloom generates. Surface treatments are very promising for improving the hydrolytic resistance of glass surface. The purpose of this project was to find the treatment method that was not expensive but effective. 2.5wt% of alum (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O)), 5wt% of alum, 5%wt of citric acid (C₆H₈O₇), 5wt% of ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄ and 5wt% of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) were used as solutions for surface treatments. The glass were rinsed by the solutions then cleaned and dried at 110 °C for 20 minutes. Results of the hydrolytic test (ISO 4802-1) showed that 5wt% of alum gave the most satisfying result. For the untreated glass, the consumption of 0.01M HCl solution per 100 ml of the extraction solution was 2.5 ml, while the treated glass with 5wt% of alum is only 0.9 ml. This indicated the decrease of leached sodium, in other words, the increase of hydrolytic resistance with only 0.05% margin increasing.

Abstract: Batch modification with low-enthalpy raw materials is the effective approach for reducing the glass melting energy. In the previous study, it was found that introducing wollastonite (CaSiO₃) as a source of CaO instead of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in the soda-lime glass batch can fasten the melting process. It is because the modified batch with CaSiO₃ has lower chemical heat demand, ΔH^o_chem, which is equivalent to the standard heat of batch-to-melt conversion. In order to investigate the kinetic property of the modified batch, the melting behaviour of 2 kg modified batch was studied. The results showed that the temperature of the modified batch increased at a faster rate than the original batch. The properties of the glass from the modified are also similar to the original batch.

Abstract: Laminated glass is widely used as safety material and transparent armor. Its typical structure is sandwich layers of glass sheets and Poly Vinyl Butyral (PVB) film. It is known that the ballistic performance of the laminated glass is highly influenced by its configuration. In this study, the damages from ballistic threats at level 3 according to NIJ standard in laminated glass were investigated. Laminated glass with various configurations was fabricated using rolling and vacuum techniques. The ballistic tests were performed and the resulting radial cracks, which intercept several circumferences on each sheet of glass, were quantified. It was found that the number of crack bifurcation and the configurations of laminated glass were significantly correlated. The tested specimens were also cross-sectional observed using water jet cutting machine so that, their ballistic penetration could be determined. The analysis results provide better understanding of crack evolution, leading to improved new transparent armor system.

Abstract: This paper developed engobe samples for Dan Kwian ceramic body. Kaolinite clay, zirconium silicate, sodium feldspar and quartz were used as raw materials which were varied to obtain various samples. Mix proportion was designed by the square sampling method to obtain 16 samples. All samples were milled and fired at 1200°C under oxidation and reduction atmospheres. The results showed that the suitable engobe composition of kaolinite clay 10 wt%, zirconium silicate 10 wt%, sodium feldspar 40 wt% and quartz 40 wt% to produce good surface appearance for Dan Kwian ceramics. Engobe surfaces and the body had no defect both in the oxidation and reduction atmospheres. The color and engobe surface were opaque white and glossy, respectively.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate the using natural fibers in forming the body of a ceramic lamp. Natural fibers were first mixed with clay slip and then wrapped around a balloon 3 or 4 times before being left to dry at room temperature. The balloon was burst with a needle, removed and the now dry clay-fiber body was fired at 1230 °C, following which electrical fittings were added.

Abstract: Under-glaze tissue ceramic transfer printing first developed circa 1750 and involved engraved or etched copper plates, from which tissue was printed with cobalt blue oxides. Under-glaze tissue has a very distinctive, subtle quality - it is an integral part of both English ceramic history and the history of copperplate engraving. The process was common in the UK ceramics industry until the1980s. However from the 1950s it began to be supplemented by screen-printing, because underglaze tissue transfer was relatively slow and required skilled artisans to apply the transfers. The authors are collaborating with Burleigh Pottery in Stoke-on-Trent, the last remaining company to produce ceramic tableware decorated using the traditional printed under-glaze tissue method. The pottery was recently saved from closure by the HRH Prince Charles Regeneration Trust, who wish to maintain the traditional manufacturing skills for the next 25 years. The Centre for Fine Print Research (CFPR) in Bristol has been reappraising the use of these traditional 19th Century skills with modern materials and methods for producing engraved plates. The project seeks to demonstrate how those 19th Century methods can be applied by contemporary ceramic artists. The paper will explain the process of ink manufacture, heating the plate for printing, digital methods of making plates and the use of potters tissue.

Abstract: The inspiration of the work was polka dot. It was a regulation of nature can be seen in shape and structure of living and non-living things. The ceramic products were decorated by used slip color before being left to dry at room temperature. The ceramic products were fired at 1230 °C in oxidation atmosphere. The ceramic products were appearance of slip dots that was slightly raised above surface gave ceramics are wonderful and interesting texture.

Abstract: The development of pottery products was emphasized as the research and development project. The main ingredient was Nong Suea clay, Pathumthani province. Normally, Nong Suea clay was used for land-fill industries. However, the way to use Nong Suea clay as materials for pottery products could be a value added technology. In addition, the pottery products created from Nong Suea clay were used as the decorative materials. From the line blend method, six mixing ingredients were focused. The researcher found that the suitable mixing ingredient was the third formula that contained Nong Suea clay (80%) and Ranong white clay (20%). This formula was processed into five types of pottery products. Two temperatures were monitored for firing. First, the temperature at 850 °C was used for three different types of pots. This product was normally shaped by hand with a throwing wheel that led to the industrial process level. Second, the temperature at 1,200 °C was used for two different types of vases. The product decorations of these groups were applied by the flowing glaze technique which was suitable for long-term research and development. The craftmen in should be highly skilled, tool uses, and higher temperature capacity of kiln.

Abstract: The Centre for Fine Print Research at the University of the West of England has over five years experience in the 3D printing of ceramic materials. The first project undertaken was to investigate the use of 3D technologies for artists and resulted in the development of a patented ceramic body suitable for use in Z Corporation 3D printers. After bisque firing this material can be further processed using conventional glazing and decorating techniques. A follow on project has resulted in a modified ceramic body and the development of firing supports to enable thin section ceramic tableware to be produced for ceramic industry concept modelling and short run or one-off pieces for artists and designers. This paper will detail the progress of the research and will explain by using case studies and examples of collaboration with a leading UK pottery manufacturer, individual artists and designers how this novel technique can be utilised to form shapes and forms difficult or impossible to realise by conventional forming methods. The potential of how the ability to form ceramic objects with complex internal structures could be beneficial to more specialist ceramics industries will also be explored.

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of Al₂O₃, CaCO₃ and MgCO₃ on the physical properties of crawling shino glaze at 1250 °C in a reduction atmosphere. The raw material used in the study are soda feldspar, lampang kaolinite and silica. Al₂O₃, CaCO₃ and MgCO₃ were used in ungrounded form as an additive at 5, 10, 15 and 20%wt. The specimen after fired were tested using eye appearance, texture, color of glaze and shrinkage. The results show that the optimum appearance Shino glaze was gained by adding MgCO₃ at 15%wt.