Leaching of Chromium in Red Ceramic Monolith by Immersion and Irrigation

Abstract:

The use of waste to improve sustainability of construction materials has increased in recent years. However, in Brazil no specific official standard has been issued on the solidification/stabilization (S/S) technique for construction materials. Similarly, no leaching methodology to evaluate products that include waste, under common use conditions, has been developed. As a result, both waste and products developed based on the S/S technique are assessed following the same official standard, which considers the landfill as the only final disposal condition. This study presents a leaching methodology to analyze the S/S approach in construction materials. Red ceramic sample blocks were manufactured with the addition of 0.05% Cr₂O₃. Two leaching approaches were conceived: immersion and irrigation. Tests were carried out in four 7-day cycles. Total experimental time was shorter than the period stipulated in a Dutch standard for this purpose. The results had low coefficient of variation and proved the usefulness of the technique to simulate intense and prolonged contact with a leaching agent, as in floods, and exposure to acid rain.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 634)
• Pages: 307-317
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.634.307
• Online since: December 2014
• Authors: Lunkes Mariele, C. Koste Emilie, P. Kulakowski Marlova, A. Brehm Feliciane
• Keywords: Chromium III Oxide, Leaching, Red Ceramic, Solidification/Stabilization (s/s) Process

References

[1] H.V. Sloot, Environmental efficiency of immobilization techniques for wastes in relation to utilization and disposal, in: Actes du Congrès International Sur Les Procédés de Solidification et de Stabilisation des Déchets, Société Alpine de Publications, Grenoble, 1997, pp.327-337.

DOI: 10.4267/dechets-sciences-techniques.588

[2] ABNT. NBR 10. 005, Procedimento para obtenção de extrato lixiviado de resíduos sólidos. Rio de Janeiro, (2004).

[3] ABNT. NBR 10. 004, Resíduos Sólidos. Rio de Janeiro, (2004).

[4] A.L.F. de Brito, Protocol of evaluation of materials resulting from stabilization by solidification of wastes, PhD Dissertation, Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, 2007. [In Portuguese. ].

DOI: 10.17140/aftnsoj-5-157

[5] Information on http: /www. inmet. gov. br.

[6] H.H. Murray, Applied clay mineralogy today and tomorrow, Clay Minerals Middlesex 34 (1999) 39-49.

DOI: 10.1180/000985599546055

[7] S. Bordeepong et al., Mineralogy, Chemical Composition and Ceramic Properties of Clay Deposits in Southern Thailand, Nat. Sci. Delaware 46 (2012) 485-500.

[8] G.P. Souza, J.N.F. Holanda, Sintering behavior of clay masses containing waste from the oil industry, Cerâmica São Paulo 49 (2003) 311. [In Portuguese. ].

[9] L. Duarte et al., Applications of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray detector in the study of gems: Brazilian examples. Pesquisas em Geociências Porto Alegre 30 (2003) 3-15. [In Portuguese. ].

[10] P.K. Mehta, P.J. Monteiro, Concret: structure, properties and materials, Pini, São Paulo, 1994. [In Portuguese. ].

[11] H.V. Sloot, J.J. Dijkstra, Development of Horizontally Standardized Leaching Tests for Construction Materials: A Material Based or Release Based Approach? Identical leaching mechanisms for different leaching materials, ENC: Energy Commission of the Netherlands -C-04-060, Petten, 2004. Information on http: /www. ecn. nl/publications.

[12] J.C.C. Pureza, Use of low grain size industrial waste in red clay: environmental and technological aspects, MSc Dissertation, Mining, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, 2004. [In Portuguese. ].

DOI: 10.32467/issn.2175-3628v23n1a14

[13] T. M. Basegio, Immobilization of chromium ion from the ash of leather waste in ceramic products, PhD Dissertation, Mining, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, 2004. [In Portuguese. ].

DOI: 10.32467/issn.2175-3628v23n1a14

[14] NEN 7345, Determination of Release of Inorganic Constituents From Construction Material and Stabilized Waste products, Netherlands, (1995).

[15] C.S. Poon, Z.Q. Chen, Comparison of the Characteristics of Flow-Through and Flow-Around Leaching Tests of Solidified Heavy Metal Wastes, Chemosphere Amsterdam 38 (1999) 663.

DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00203-3

[16] M.A. da Rosa, Characterization of the incorporation of stainless steel scrap in ceramic materials in terms of chromium incorporation, MSc Dissertation, Mining, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, 2001. [In Portuguese. ].

DOI: 10.32467/issn.2175-3628v23n1a14

[17] D.C.C. Dal Molin, Experimental techniques for the study of microstructures, in: G. Cechella Isaia (Ed. ), Construction materials and scientific principles of material engineering, Ibracon, São Paulo, 2007, pp.403-436. [In Portuguese. ].

[18] C.S. Kazmierczak, Red clay products, in: G. Cechella Isaia (Ed. ), Construction materials and scientific principles of material engineering, Ibracon, São Paulo, 2007, pp.563-585. [In Portuguese. ].

[19] R. Prikryl, et al., Spatial relationships of salt distribution and related physical changes of underlying rocks on naturally weathered sandstone exposures Bohemian Switzerland National Park. Environmental Geology, Czech Republic 52 (2006).

DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0589-2