Detection of Magnetic Material in Soil Subsurface Using Electromagnetic Induction Method Based on Fluxgate Sensor

Abstract:

An instrument based on electromagnetic induction method for detecting magnetic material in soil subsurface has been developed. The instrument consists of a signal generator, an amplifier, a transmitter, receivers, detectors and a display. A coil is used as transmitter. As receiver and also detector is used a three dimensional self-developed fluxgate sensor. The fluxgate sensor consists of two pick-up coils, four excitation coils, and a ferromagnetic core. The output voltage of the sensor is processed using an analog signal processing circuit. The sensor’s capability in detecting magnetic material in the soil subsurface was observed by placing a sample of magnetic material in the subsurface, and then detected using fluxgate sensor in the direction of the x, y and z (3D). We found that the developed instrument is capable to detect two different objects that is separated at minimum distance around 10 cm with the maximum shallow depth of the target material is 10 cm.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volumes 675-676)
• Pages: 494-500
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.675-676.494
• Online since: January 2016
• Authors: Mitra Djamal*, Widyaningrum Indrasari, Ramli Ramli, Wahyu Srigutomo
• Keywords: Electromagnetic Induction, Fluxgate, Magnetic Material, Non-Destructive Test, Soil Subsurface

References

[1] D. Fountain, Airborne electromagnetic systems – 50 years of development. Exploration Geophysics 29 (1998) 1-11.

DOI: 10.1071/eg998001

[2] T. M. Grzegorczyk, J. P. Fernández, F. Shubitidze, K. O'Neill, B. E. Barrowes, Subsurface electromagnetic induction imaging for unexploded ordnance detection. Journal of Applied Geophysics 79 (2012) 38–45.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.12.014

[3] S.A. Macintyre, Magnetic Field Measurement, CRC Press LLC, (2000).

[4] Y. Zhang, M. Steiger, A.D. Hibbs, R.E. Grimm, dan T.A. Sprott, Dual-Mode Fluxgate-Induction Sensor for UXO Detection and Discrimination, Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics15 (2) (2010), 51-64.

DOI: 10.2113/jeeg15.2.51

[5] M. Djamal, Darsikin, T. Saragi, M. Barmawi, Design and development of magnetic sensors based on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) materials, MSF 517 (2006) 207-211.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.517.207

[6] Ramli, M. Djamal, F. Haryanto, S. Viridi, Khairurrijal, Giant Magnetoresistance in (Ni60Co30F310/Cu) Trilayer Growth by Opposed Target Magnetron Sputtering, AMR 535-537 (2012) 1319-1322.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1319

[7] M. Djamal, Ramli, Thin Film of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Material Prepared by Sputtering Method, AMR 770 (2013) 1-9.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.1

[8] W. Indrasari, M. Djamal, W. Srigutomo, and Ramli, A Magnetic Distance Sensor with High Sensitivity Based on Double Secondary Coil of Fluxgate, IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 2 (2012) 29-35.

DOI: 10.9790/4861-0252935

[9] W. Indrasari, W. Srigutomo, and M. Djamal, High Sensitivity Fluxgate Sensor for Detection of AC Magnetic Field: Equipment for Characterization of Magnetic Material in Subsurface, Advanced Materials Research 896 (2014) 718-721.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.718

[10] A. Baschirotto, E. Dallago, P. Malcovati, M. Marchesi, G. Venchi, Development and Comparative Analysis of Fluxgate Magnetic Sensor Structure in PCB Tecnology, IEEE Transaction on Mangetics 42 (2006) 1670-1680.

DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2006.873306

[11] W. Indrasari, M. Djamal, W. Srigutomo, G. Handayani, N. Hadziqoh, and Ramli, Fluxgate Based Detection of Magnetic Material in Soil Subsurface, accepted in Applied Mechanics and Materials.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.55

[12] W. Indrasari, M. Djamal, W. Srigutomo, and Ramli, Development of Alternating Current Transmitter of Detection System for Magnetic Material in Soil Subsurface, submitted in AIP Conference Proceeding.

DOI: 10.1063/1.4943742