Leaching Behavior Analysis of Valuable Metals from Lithium-Ion Batteries Cathode Material

Abstract:

The paper concerns an approach about using environmental technology and hydrometallurgical process to the recovery of valuable metal from waste cathode material produced during the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. It is noteworthy that the content of nickel, manganese and cobalt from cathode material are in the extraordinary large proportion. In the acid leaching step, the essential effects of H₂SO₄ concentration, H₂O₂ concentration, leaching time, liquid-solid mass ratio and reaction temperature with the leaching percentage were investigated. The cathode material was leached with 2M H₂SO₄ and 10 vol.% H₂O₂ at 70 °C and 300 rpm using a liquid-solid mass ratio of 30 ml/g and the leaching efficiency of cobalt was 98.5%, lithium was 99.8%, nickel was 98.6% and manganese was 98.6% under optimum conditions. Kinetic study demonstrates the activation energies for those analyzed metals with Arrhenius equation and manifests the data with hybrid reaction control mechanism. The process was proved from activation energies ranged from 27.79 to 47.25 kJ/mol. Finally, the valuable metals will be leached in sulfuric acid effectively.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 775)
• Pages: 419-426
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.775.419
• Online since: August 2018
• Authors: Wei Sheng Chen, Hsing Jung Ho*
• Keywords: Hydrometallurgy, Leaching, Leaching Kinetics, Lithium-Ion Batteries Cathode Material

References

[1] X. Wang, G. Gaustad, C.W. Babbit, K. Richa, Economies of scale for future lithium-ion battery recycling infrastructure, Resour. Concserv. Recy. 83 (2014) 53-62.

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.11.009

[2] C. Liao, Q. Zhang, T. Zhai, H. Li, H. Zhou, Development and perspective of the insertion anode Li3VO4 for lithium-ion batteries, Energy Storage Materials. 7 (2017) 17-31.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2016.11.009

[3] S. M. Shin, N. H. Kim, J. S. Sohn, D. H. Yang, Y. H. Kim, Development of a metal recovery process from Li-ion battery wastes, Hydrometallurgy. 79 (2005) 172-181.

DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.06.004

[4] J. Nan, D. Han, X. Zuo, Recovery of metal values from spent lithium-ion batteries with chemical deposition and solvent extraction, J. Power Sources. 152 (2005) 278-284.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.134

[5] X. Wang, G. Gaustad, C.W. Babbitt, C. Bailey, M.J. Ganter, B.J. Landi, Economic and environmental characterization of an evolving Li-ion battery waste stream, J. Environ. Manage. 135 (2014) 126-134.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.021

[6] D.A. Ferreira, L.M.Z. Prados, D. Majuste, M.B. Mansur, Hydrometallurgical separation of aluminium, cobalt, copper and lithium from spent Li-ion batteries, J. Power Sources. 187 (2009) 238-246.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.10.077

[7] L. Li, J. Ge, F. Wu, R. Chen, S. Chen, B. Wu, Recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium ion batteries using organic citric acid as leachant, J. Hazard. Mater. 176 (2010) 288-293.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.026

[8] P. Meshram, B.D. Pandey, T.R. Mankhand, Hydrometallurgical processing of spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in the presence of a reducing agent with emphasis on kinetics of leaching, Chem. Eng. J. 281 (2015) 418-427.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.071

[9] S. P Barik, G. Prabaharan, B. Kumar, An innovative approach to recover the metal values from spent lithium-ion batteries, Waste Manage. 51 (2016) 222-226.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.004

[10] D.P. Mantuano, G. Dorella, R.C.A. Elias, M.B. Mansur, Analysis of a hydrometallurgical route to recover base metals from spent rechargeable batteries by liquid-liquid extraction with Cyanex 272, J. Power Sources. 159 (2006) 1510-1518.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.12.056

[11] C.F. Dickinsona, G.R. Healb, Solid-liquid diffusion controlled rate equations, Thermochim Acta. 340-341 (1999) 89-103.

DOI: 10.1016/s0040-6031(99)00256-7