A Review: Utilization of Waste Materials in Concrete

Abstract:

Concrete is the most important material in building construction. It had been used widely around the world and is made of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water. These materials come from natural resources which had a depletion and environmental pollution issues. On the other hand, tonnes of waste are generated around the world especially in developed country which are having rapid industrialization, increasing population growth, technological developments and urbanization. Most of the waste materials from those causes are not recyclable. The methods managing of the waste materials are usually done by dumping in landfills or burning. Thus, in order to overcome both issues, alternative replacements from waste materials can massively give huge differences to the industry that will reduce the usage of natural resources and gives benefits to the industry itself and also to the environment. Studies on waste materials had been conducted by many researchers before. Hence, in this paper, some materials which are coal bottom ash, slag, ceramic waste and glass powder will be discuss as waste materials that have been used from many backgrounds of industries. This paper attempt to summarize the investigation of the following materials as substitution materials in concrete, with the following discussion. The properties such as workability, compressive strength, ductility etc. of these replacement materials are compared with the normal concrete. A lightweight concrete that is safe and eco-friendly will be produced as a construction material. This shows that some of the materials can improve the performance of concrete itself. Thus, this study is crucial in finding the other waste materials that can act as a replacement.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1056)
• Pages: 61-68
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-t66fhj
• Online since: March 2022
• Authors: Nurul Natasha Nasrudin, Nur Farhayu Ariffin*, Abdul Muiz Hasim, Muhammad Nor Syahrul Zaimi
• Keywords: Ceramic Waste, Coal Bottom Ash, Concrete, Glass Powder, Slag, Waste Material

References

[1] Y. Kim, H. Kim, K. Yang, and J. Ha, Effect of concrete unit weight on the mechanical properties of bottom ash aggregate concrete,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 273, p.121998, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121998

[2] Z. Tang, W. Li, V.W.Y. Tam, and C. Xue, Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X Advanced progress in recycling municipal and construction solid wastes for manufacturing sustainable construction materials,, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. X, vol. 6, no. March, p.100036, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.rcrx.2020.100036

[3] S. Nasir, K. Hung, S. Poh, J. Yang, and T. Ling, Resources , Conservation & Recycling Lightweight foamed concrete as a promising avenue for incorporating waste materials : A review,, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 164, no. July 2020, p.105103, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105103

[4] R. Dachowski and P. Kostrzewa, The Use of Waste Materials in the Construction Industry,, Procedia Eng., vol. 161, p.754–758, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.764

[5] S. Nasier, Materials Today : Proceedings Utilization of recycled form of concrete, E-wastes, glass, quarry rock dust and waste marble powder as reliable construction materials,, Mater. Today Proc., no. xxxx, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.381

[6] M. Rafieizonooz, J. Mirza, M. R. Salim, M. W. Hussin, and E. Khankhaje, Investigation of coal bottom ash and fly ash in concrete as replacement for sand and cement,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 116, p.15–24, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.080

[7] M. Singh and R. Siddique, Resources , Conservation and Recycling Effect of coal bottom ash as partial replacement of sand on properties of concrete," ,Resources, Conserv. Recycl., vol. 72, p.20–32, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.12.006

[8] N. N. Thi, T. P. Hong, and S. B. Truong, Utilizing Coal Bottom Ash from Thermal Power Plants in Vietnam as Partial Replacement of Aggregates in Concrete Pavement,, vol. 2019, (2019).

DOI: 10.1155/2019/3903097

[9] N. Singh and A. Bhardwaj, Reviewing the role of coal bottom ash as an alternative of cement,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 233, p.117276, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117276

[10] G. E. E. N. M. Aterial, Jurnal Teknologi P LANTS IN M ALAYSIA AND ITS S UITABILITY AS,, vol. 5, p.1–10, (2016).

[11] P. Khongpermgoson, K. Boonlao, N. Ananthanet, and T. Thitithananon, The mechanical properties and heat development behavior of high strength concrete containing high fineness coal bottom ash as a pozzolanic binder,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 253, p.119239, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119239

[12] M. Singh and R. Siddique, Compressive strength , drying shrinkage and chemical resistance of concrete incorporating coal bottom ash as partial or total replacement of sand,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 68, p.39–48, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.034

[13] N.I.R. Ramzi Hannan, S. Shahidan, N. Ali, N. M. Bunnori, S. S. Mohd Zuki, and M. H. Wan Ibrahim, Acoustic and non-acoustic performance of coal bottom ash concrete as sound absorber for wall concrete,, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., vol. 13, p. e00399, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00399

[14] S.S.G. Hashemi, H. Bin Mahmud, T.C. Ghuan, A.B. Chin, C. Kuenzel, and N. Ranjbar, Safe disposal of coal bottom ash by solidification and stabilization techniques,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 197, p.705–715, (2019).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.123

[15] E. Baite, A. Messan, K. Hannawi, F. Tsobnang, and W. Prince, Physical and transfer properties of mortar containing coal bottom ash aggregates from Tefereyre ( Niger ),, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 125, p.919–926, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.117

[16] N. Singh, M. Mithulraj, and S. Arya, Resources , Conservation & Recycling Utilization of coal bottom ash in recycled concrete aggregates based self compacting concrete blended with metakaolin,, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 144, no. September 2018, p.240–251, (2019).

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.044

[17] R. Rodríguez-álvaro, B. González-fonteboa, S. Seara-paz, and E. J. Rey-bouzón, Masonry mortars , precast concrete and masonry units using coal bottom ash as a partial replacement for conventional aggregates,, vol. 283, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122737

[18] O. Gencel, O. Karadag, O. H. Oren, and T. Bilir, Steel slag and its applications in cement and concrete technology: A review,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 283, p.122783, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122783

[19] A.C.P. Martins et al., Steel slags in cement-based composites: An ultimate review on characterization, applications and performance,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 291, p.123265, (2021).

[20] Y. Guo, J. Xie, W. Zheng, and J. Li, Tgk d,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 192, p.194–201, (2018).

[21] S. Kourounis, S. Tsivilis, P. E. Tsakiridis, G. D. Papadimitriou, and Z. Tsibouki, Properties and hydration of blended cements with steelmaking slag,, vol. 37, p.815–822, (2007).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.03.008

[22] M. Papachristoforou, E. K. Anastasiou, and I. Papayianni, Durability of steel fiber reinforced concrete with coarse steel slag aggregates including performance at elevated temperatures,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 262, p.120569, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120569

[23] H. Qasrawi, The use of steel slag aggregate to enhance the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete and retain the environment,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 54, p.298–304, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.063

[24] N. Palankar, A. U. Ravi Shankar, and B. M. Mithun, Durability studies on eco-friendly concrete mixes incorporating steel slag as coarse aggregates,, J. Clean. Prod., vol. 129, p.437–448, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.033

[25] B. Pang, Z. Zhou, and H. Xu, Utilization of carbonated and granulated steel slag aggregate in concrete,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 84, p.454–467, (2015).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.008

[26] J. Baalamurugan et al., Recycling of steel slag aggregates for the development of high density concrete: Alternative & environment-friendly radiation shielding composite,, Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 216, no. October 2020, p.108885, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108885

[27] S. Saxena and A. R. Tembhurkar, Impact of use of steel slag as coarse aggregate and wastewater on fresh and hardened properties of concrete,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 165, p.126–137, (2018).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.030

[28] A. Juan-Valdés, D. Rodríguez-Robles, J. García-González, M. I. Guerra-Romero, and J. M. Morán-del Pozo, Mechanical and microstructural characterization of non-structural precast concrete made with recycled mixed ceramic aggregates from construction and demolition wastes,, J. Clean. Prod., vol. 180, p.482–493, (2018).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.191

[29] S. Ray, M. Haque, S. A. Soumic, A. F. Mita, M. M. Rahman, and B. B. Tanmoy, Use of ceramic wastes as aggregates in concrete production: A review,, J. Build. Eng., vol. 43, no. February, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102567

[30] J. Bommisetty, T. S. Keertan, A. Ravitheja, and K. Mahendra, Effect of waste ceramic tiles as a partial replacement of aggregates in concrete,, Mater. Today Proc., vol. 19, p.875–877, (2019).

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.230

[31] M. Amin, B. A. Tayeh, and I. S. Agwa, Effect of using mineral admixtures and ceramic wastes as coarse aggregates on properties of ultrahigh-performance concrete,, J. Clean. Prod., vol. 273, p.123073, (2020).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123073

[32] P. O. Awoyera, J. M. Ndambuki, J. O. Akinmusuru, and D. O. Omole, Characterization of ceramic waste aggregate concrete,, HBRC J., p.1–6, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.hbrcj.2016.11.003

[33] A.V. Alves, T.F. Vieira, J. De Brito, and J.R. Correia, Mechanical properties of structural concrete with fine recycled ceramic aggregates,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 64, p.103–113, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.037

[34] S.A. Md Daniyal, Application of Waste Ceramic Tile Aggregates in Concrete,, no. December 2015, (2016).

[35] K. Rashid, A. Razzaq, M. Ahmad, T. Rashid, and S. Tariq, Experimental and analytical selection of sustainable recycled concrete with ceramic waste aggregate,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 154, p.829–840, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.219

[36] J.X. Lu, B.J. Zhan, Z.H. Duan, and C.S. Poon, Using glass powder to improve the durability of architectural mortar prepared with glass aggregates,, Mater. Des., vol. 135, p.102–111, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.09.016

[37] W. Dong, W. Li, and Z. Tao, Resources , Conservation & Recycling A comprehensive review on performance of cementitious and geopolymeric concretes with recycled waste glass as powder , sand or cullet,, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 172, no. May, p.105664, (2021).

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105664

[38] S. Yang, T. C. Ling, H. Cui, and C. S. Poon, Influence of particle size of glass aggregates on the high temperature properties of dry-mix concrete blocks,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 209, p.522–531, (2019).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.131

[39] K. Afshinnia and P. R. Rangaraju, Impact of combined use of ground glass powder and crushed glass aggregate on selected properties of Portland cement concrete,, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 117, p.263–272, (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.072

[40] Z. Pan, Z. Tao, T. Murphy, and R. Wuhrer, High temperature performance of mortars containing fi ne glass powders,, J. Clean. Prod., vol. 162, p.16–26, (2017).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.003