p.45
p.55
p.63
p.73
p.85
p.97
p.117
p.127
p.137
Construction Innovation - Graphene Oxide as the Differentiating Nanoadditive for Concrete and Coatings
Abstract:
When discussing graphene materials, their mechanical strength, impermeability, flexibility, thermal and electrical conductivity, and lightness are key reference points, earning them the moniker "all-in-one material. “This versatility makes graphene suitable for various applications, including electronics, medicine, plastics, coatings, construction, and renewable energies. However, it's crucial to note that the behavior of these materials at the nanometric scale depends on factors such as the type of graphene, functionalization, concentration, and the specific processes involved in each industry. Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, significant efforts have been made to comprehend its multifunctional properties. Nevertheless, the primary challenge lies in translating this knowledge from the laboratory to industrial applications, hampered by the high cost and low yield of graphene. Fortunately, the construction industry, particularly the concrete and coatings sector, appears to be one of the most promising fields for the integration of this nanotechnology. In this context, we present a diverse array of representative trials conducted on various concrete designs and environmentally friendly, antimicrobial, and anticorrosive coatings enhanced with graphene materials. These trials showcase the multifunctional enhancement of properties thanks to the incorporation of graphene materials in different commercially available products tailored for industrial applications, demonstrating that graphene not only represents a technological innovation but is also a catalyst for more sustainable practices in various industries. Its ability to improve the efficiency of different products and applications, becomes graphene as a key material in the immediate future with which industries operate within ecological limits while meeting human needs.
Info:
Periodical:
Pages:
97-116
Citation:
Online since:
December 2024
Price:
Сopyright:
© 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Citation:
* - Corresponding Author
[1] Yu, Z., Zhou, A., & Lau, D. (2016). Mesoscopic packing of disk-like building blocks in calcium silicate hydrate. Scientific reports, 6(1), 36967.
DOI: 10.1038/srep36967
[2] Zhao, Z., Qi, T., Zhou, W., Hui, D., Xiao, C., Qi, J., ... & Zhao, Z. (2020). A review on the properties, reinforcing effects, and commercialization of nanomaterials for cement-based materials. Nanotechnology Reviews, 9(1), 303-322.
[3] Benhelal, E., Shamsaei, E., & Rashid, M. I. (2021). Challenges against CO2 abatement strategies in cement industry: A review. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 104, 84-101.
[4] de Souza, F. B., Yao, X., Gao, W., & Duan, W. (2022). Graphene opens pathways to a carbon-neutral cement industry. Science Bulletin, 67(1), 5-8.
[5] Han, B., Sun, S., Ding, S., Zhang, L., Yu, X., & Ou, J. (2015). Review of nanocarbon-engineered multifunctional cementitious composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 70, 69-81.
[6] Mukhopadhyay, A. K. (2011). Next-generation nano-based concrete construction products: a review. Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure: A Paradigm Shift, 207-223.
[7] Shah, S. P., Hou, P., & Konsta-Gdoutos, M. S. (2016). Nano-modification of cementitious material: Toward a stronger and durable concrete. Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 5(1-2), 1-22.
[8] Hincapié, I., Künniger, T., Hischier, R., Cervellati, D., Nowack, B., & Som, C. (2015). Nanoparticles in facade coatings: a survey of industrial experts on functional and environmental benefits and challenges. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 17, 1-12.
[9] Yan, Y., Nashath, F. Z., Chen, S., Manickam, S., Lim, S. S., Zhao, H., ... & Pang, C. H. (2020). Synthesis of graphene: Potential carbon precursors and approaches. Nanotechnology Reviews, 9(1), 1284-1314.
[10] Scrivener, K., Ouzia, A., Juilland, P., & Mohamed, A. K. (2019). Advances in understanding cement hydration mechanisms. Cement and Concrete Research, 124, 105823.
[11] Wang, J., Xu, Y., Wu, X., Zhang, P., & Hu, S. (2020). Advances of graphene-and graphene oxide-modified cementitious materials. Nanotechnology Reviews, 9(1), 465-477.
[12] Zhao, L., Guo, X., Song, L., Song, Y., Dai, G., & Liu, J. (2020). An intensive review on the role of graphene oxide in cement-based materials. Construction and Building Materials, 241, 117939.
[13] Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., Shi, T., Gu, Y., Zheng, B., Zhang, K., ... & Shi, S. (2020). Study of mechanical properties and early-stage deformation properties of graphene-modified cement-based materials. Construction and Building Materials, 257, 119498.
[14] Gopalakrishnan, R., & Kaveri, R. (2021). Using graphene oxide to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of fiber-reinforced high-volume sugarcane bagasse ash cement mortar. The European Physical Journal Plus, 136, 1-15.
[15] Liu, Q., Wu, W., Xiao, J., Tian, Y., Chen, J., & Singh, A. (2019). Correlation between damage evolution and resistivity reaction of concrete in-filled with graphene nanoplatelets. Construction and Building Materials, 208, 482-491.
[16] Krystek, M., Pakulski, D., Patroniak, V., Górski, M., Szojda, L., Ciesielski, A., & Samorì, P. (2019). High‐performance graphene‐based cementitious composites. Advanced Science, 6(9), 1801195.
[17] Ying, G. G., Song, C., Ren, J., Guo, S. Y., Nie, R., & Zhang, L. (2021). Mechanical and durability-related performance of graphene/epoxy resin and epoxy resin enhanced OPC mortar. Construction and Building Materials, 282, 122644.
[18] Vega, M. S. D. D., & Vasquez Jr, M. R. (2019). Plasma-functionalized exfoliated multilayered graphene as cement reinforcement. Composites Part B: Engineering, 160, 573-585.
[19] Hincapié, I., Künniger, T., Hischier, R., Cervellati, D., Nowack, B., & Som, C. (2015). Nanoparticles in facade coatings: a survey of industrial experts on functional and environmental benefits and challenges. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 17, 1-12.
[20] Diebold, M. P. (2020). Optimizing the benefits of TiO2 in paints. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 17(1), 1-17.
[21] Banach, M., Szczygłowska, R., Pulit, J., & Bryk, M. (2014). Building materials with antifungal efficacy enriched with silver nanoparticles. Chem Sci J, 5, 085.
[22] Niroumandrad, S., Rostami, M., & Ramezanzadeh, B. (2016). Effects of combined surface 0treatments of aluminium nanoparticle on its corrosion resistance before and after inclusion into an epoxy coating. Progress in Organic Coatings, 101, 486-501.
[23] Ershad-Langroudi, A., Fadaei, H., & Ahmadi, K. (2019). Application of polymer coatings and nanoparticles in consolidation and hydrophobic treatment of stone monuments. Iranian Polymer Journal, 28, 1-19.
[24] Fajzulin, I., Zhu, X., & Möller, M. (2015). Nanoparticulate inorganic UV absorbers: a review. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 12, 617-632.
[25] Liu, Y., Wen, J., Gao, Y., Li, T., Wang, H., Yan, H., ... & Guo, R. (2018). Antibacterial graphene oxide coatings on polymer substrate. Applied Surface Science, 436, 624-630.
[26] Ding, R., Li, W., Wang, X., Gui, T., Li, B., Han, P., ... & Song, L. (2018). A brief review of corrosion protective films and coatings based on graphene and graphene oxide. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 764, 1039-1055.
[27] Othman, N. H., Ismail, M. C., Mustapha, M., Sallih, N., Kee, K. E., & Jaal, R. A. (2019). Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites as barrier coatings for corrosion protection. Progress in Organic Coatings, 135, 82-99.
[28] Wu, M., An, R., Yadav, S. K., & Jiang, X. (2019). Graphene tailored by Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles: low-adhesive and durable superhydrophobic coatings. RSC advances, 9(28), 16235-16245.
DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02008j
[29] Martínez‐García, R., González‐Campelo, D., Fraile‐Fernández, F. J., Castañón, A. M., Caldevilla, P., Giganto, S., ... & Fernández‐Raga, M. (2023). Performance Study of Graphene Oxide as an Antierosion Coating for Ornamental and Heritage Dolostone. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2300486.
[30] Amrollahi, S., Ramezanzadeh, B., Yari, H., Ramezanzadeh, M., & Mahdavian, M. (2019). Synthesis of polyaniline-modified graphene oxide for obtaining a high performance epoxy nanocomposite film with excellent UV blocking/anti-oxidant/anti-corrosion capabilities. Composites Part B: Engineering, 173, 106804.
[31] Yu, B., Wang, X., Xing, W., Yang, H., Song, L., & Hu, Y. (2012). UV-curable functionalized graphene oxide/polyurethane acrylate nanocomposite coatings with enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties. Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 51(45), 14629-14636.
DOI: 10.1021/ie3013852
[32] Young, R. J., Kinloch, I. A., Gong, L., & Novoselov, K. S. (2012). The mechanics of graphene nanocomposites: A review. Composites Science and Technology, 72(12), 1459-1476.
[33] ASTM C511-13 Standard Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
DOI: 10.1520/c0511
[34] ASTM C617-15, Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
[35] ASTM C31/C31M−15a, Standard Practice For Making And Curing Concrete Test Specimens In The Field
[36] ASTM C172/C172M −14a Standard Practice For Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
[37] ASTM 143-15, Standard test method for slump of hydraulic-cement concrete, Vol. 04.02, Filadelfia (EE.UU.): American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), 2015.
[38] ASTM C1437-15 Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
[39] Meng, S., Ouyang, X., Fu, J., Niu, Y., & Ma, Y. (2021). The role of graphene/graphene oxide in cement hydration. Nanotechnology Reviews, 10(1), 768-778.
[40] Dimov, D., Amit, I., Gorrie, O., Barnes, M. D., Townsend, N. J., Neves, A. I., ... & Craciun, M. F. (2018). Ultrahigh performance nanoengineered graphene–concrete composites for multifunctional applications. Advanced functional materials, 28(23), 1705183.
[41] NMX-C-514-ONNCCE-2019- Test method and criteria to determine the electrical resistivity of hydraulic concrete depending on the type of exposure to a given environment, size of the specimen, element, or structure
[42] Guo, Kai, et al. "Effect of graphene oxide on chloride penetration resistance of recycled concrete." Nanotechnology Reviews 8.1 (2019): 681-689.
[43] Wang, B., & Zhao, R. (2018). Effect of graphene nano-sheets on the chloride penetration and microstructure of the cement based composite. Construction and Building Materials, 161, 715-722.
[44] ASTM C 1202-19 Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration
[45] Azenha, M., & Faria, R. (2008). Temperatures and stresses due to cement hydration on the R/C foundation of a wind tower—A case study. Engineering Structures, 30(9), 2392-2400.
[46] Schindler, A. K. (2002). Concrete hydration, temperature development, and setting at early-ages. The University of Texas at Austin.
[47] Sedaghat, A., Ram, M. K., Zayed, A., Kamal, R., & Shanahan, N. (2014). Investigation of physical properties of graphene-cement composite for structural applications. Open journal of composite materials, 2014.
[48] Devasena, M., & J. Karthikeyan. (2015). Investigation on strength properties of graphene oxide concrete. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Invent. Res. Dev 1. 307-310.
[49] NMX-C-307-1-ONNCCE-2016- Construction industry -Buildings-Fire resistance of elements and components-Specifications and test methods
[50] Lu, L., & Ouyang, D. (2017). Properties of cement mortar and ultra-high strength concrete incorporating graphene oxide nanosheets. Nanomaterials, 7(7), 187.
DOI: 10.3390/nano7070187
[51] Dalal, S. P., & Dalal, P. (2021). Experimental investigation on strength and durability of graphene nanoengineered concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 276, 122236.
[52] ASTM C39/C39M−16b, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
[53] ASTM C496/C496M – 17 Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
[54] ASTM C469/C469M Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression
[55] Medhekar, N. V., Ramasubramaniam, A., Ruoff, R. S., & Shenoy, V. B. (2010). Hydrogen bond networks in graphene oxide composite paper: structure and mechanical properties. ACS nano, 4(4), 2300-2306.
DOI: 10.1021/nn901934u
[56] Zhu, Q., Li, E. N., Liu, X., Song, W., Li, Y., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2020). Epoxy coating with in-situ synthesis of polypyrrole functionalized graphene oxide for enhanced anticorrosive performance. Progress in Organic Coatings, 140, 105488.
[57] Liang, G., Yao, F., Qi, Y., Gong, R., Li, R., Liu, B., ... & Li, Y. (2023). Improvement of Mechanical Properties and Solvent Resistance of Polyurethane Coating by Chemical Grafting of Graphene Oxide. Polymers, 15(4), 882.
[58] Liang, X., Li, X., Tang, Y., Zhang, X., Wei, W., & Liu, X. (2022). Hyperbranched epoxy resin-grafted graphene oxide for efficient and all-purpose epoxy resin modification. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 611, 105-117.
[59] ASTM D3359 Standard Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
[60] ISO2409 Test method for evaluating the resistance of paint and varnish coatings. Cross cut test
[61] Nine, M. J., Cole, M. A., Tran, D. N., & Losic, D. (2015). Graphene: a multipurpose material for protective coatings. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3(24), 12580-12602.
DOI: 10.1039/c5ta01010a
[62] NMX-C- 429- 0NNCCE- 2003 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-PAINTS-DETERMINATION OF WEAR RESISTANCE BY WASHING
[63] ASTM D522-93a Standard Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
DOI: 10.1520/d0522-93ar08
[64] Barna, Elisabeth, et al. "Innovative, scratch proof nanocomposites for clear coatings." Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing 36.4 (2005): 473-480.
[65] Bai, H., Li, C., & Shi, G. (2011). Functional composite materials based on chemically converted graphene. Advanced Materials, 23(9), 1089-1115.
[66] Stolyarova, E., Stolyarov, D., Bolotin, K., Ryu, S., Liu, L., Rim, K. T., ... & Flynn, G. (2009). Observation of graphene bubbles and effective mass transport under graphene films. Nano letters, 9(1), 332-337.
DOI: 10.1021/nl803087x
[67] D. Prasai, J.C. Tuberquia, R.R. Harl, G.K. Jennings, & K.I. Bolotin, (2012) Graphene: corrosion-inhibiting coatingACS Nano 6, 1102.
DOI: 10.1021/nn203507y
[68] Singh Raman, R. K., & Tiwari, A. (2014). Graphene: The thinnest known coating for corrosion protection. Jom, 66, 637-642.
[69] Zhang, J., Kong, G., Li, S., Le, Y., Che, C., Zhang, S., ... & Liao, X. (2022). Graphene-reinforced epoxy powder coating to achieve high performance wear and corrosion resistance. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 20, 4148-4160.
[70] Ollik, K., & Lieder, M. (2020). Review of the application of graphene-based coatings as anticorrosion layers. Coatings, 10(9), 883.
[71] Ghosh, T., & Karak, N. (2020). Mechanically robust hydrophobic interpenetrating polymer network-based nanocomposite of hyperbranched polyurethane and polystyrene as an effective anticorrosive coating. New Journal of Chemistry, 44(15), 5980-5994.
DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00322k
[72] ASTM- D610 Standard Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
[73] ASTM B117-1, Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Frog) Apparatus, United Satates: ASTM International, 2011.
[74] Krishnamurthy, A., Gadhamshetty, V., Mukherjee, R., Natarajan, B., Eksik, O., Ali Shojaee, S., ... & Koratkar, N. (2015). Superiority of graphene over polymer coatings for prevention of microbially induced corrosion. Scientific reports, 5(1), 13858.
DOI: 10.1038/srep13858
[75] Parra, C., Montero-Silva, F., Gentil, D., Del Campo, V., Henrique Rodrigues da Cunha, T., Henríquez, R., ... & Seeger, M. (2017). The many faces of graphene as protection barrier. performance under microbial corrosion and Ni allergy conditions. Materials, 10(12), 1406.
DOI: 10.3390/ma10121406
[76] ISO 22196:2007(E)- "Plastics — Measurement of antibacterial activity on plastics surfaces"
[77] ISO 18593:2018- "Horizontal methods for sampling techniques from surfaces using contact plates and swabs"
[78] Cao, G., Yan, J., Ning, X., Zhang, Q., Wu, Q., Bi, L., ... & Guo, J. (2021). Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of graphene and its derivatives. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 200, 111588.
[79] Zambianchi, M., Khaliha, S., Bianchi, A., Tunioli, F., Kovtun, A., Navacchia, M. L., ... & Melucci, M. (2022). Graphene oxide-polysulfone hollow fibers membranes with synergic ultrafiltration and adsorption for enhanced drinking water treatment. Journal of Membrane Science, 658, 120707.
[80] Tang, N., Jia, Q., Zhang, H., Li, J., & Cao, S. (2010). Preparation and morphological characterization of narrow pore size distributed polypropylene hydrophobic membranes for vacuum membrane distillation via thermally induced phase separation. Desalination, 256(1-3), 27-36.
[81] Zhu, H., Wang, H., Wang, F., Guo, Y., Zhang, H., & Chen, J. (2013). Preparation and properties of PTFE hollow fiber membranes for desalination through vacuum membrane distillation. Journal of membrane science, 446, 145-153.
[82] Devi, S., Ray, P., Singh, K., & Singh, P. S. (2014). Preparation and characterization of highly micro-porous PVDF membranes for desalination of saline water through vacuum membrane distillation. Desalination, 346, 9-18.
[83] Gontarek-Castro, E., Di Luca, G., Lieder, M., & Gugliuzza, A. (2022). Graphene-coated PVDF membranes: effects of multi-scale rough structure on membrane distillation performance. Membranes, 12(5), 511.
[84] Yang, C., Long, M., Ding, C., Zhang, R., Zhang, S., Yuan, J., ... & Jiang, Z. (2022). Antifouling graphene oxide membranes for oil-water separation via hydrophobic chain engineering. Nature Communications, 13(1), 7334.
[85] Seo, D. H., Pineda, S., Woo, Y. C., Xie, M., Murdock, A. T., Ang, E. Y., ... & Ostrikov, K. (2018). Anti-fouling graphene-based membranes for effective water desalination. Nature communications, 9(1), 683.
[86] Nurioglu, A. G., & Esteves, A. C. C. (2015). Non-toxic, non-biocide-release antifouling coatings based on molecular structure design for marine applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 3(32), 6547-6570.
DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00232j
[87] El Batouti, M., Alharby, N. F., & Elewa, M. M. (2021). Review of new approaches for fouling mitigation in membrane separation processes in water treatment applications. Separations,9(1),1.
[88] Novoa, A.F., Vrouwenvelder, J.S., & Fortunato, L. (2021). Membrane fouling in algal separation processes: a review of influencing factors and mechanisms. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, 3, 687422.
[89] Howell, D., & Behrends, B. (2010). Consequences of antifouling coatings–the chemist's perspective. Biofouling, 226-242.
[90] Meng, P. J., Wang, J. T., Liu, L. L., Chen, M. H., & Hung, T. C. (2005). Toxicity and bioaccumulation of tributyltin and triphenyltin on oysters and rock shells collected from Taiwan maricuture area. Science of the total environment, 349(1-3), 140-149.
[91] Sousa-Cardoso, F., Teixeira-Santos, R., & Mergulhão, F. J. (2022). Antifouling performance of carbon-based coatings for marine applications: A systematic review. Antibiotics, 11(8), 1102.
[92] Faÿ, F., Gouessan, M., Linossier, I., & Réhel, K. (2019). Additives for efficient biodegradable antifouling paints. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(2), 361.
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020361
[93] Zhan, W., Chen, L., Gu, Z., & Jiang, J. (2020). Influence of graphene on fire protection of intumescent fire retardant coating for steel structure. Energy Reports, 6, 693-697.
[94] Zhan, W., Gu, Z., Jiang, J., & Chen, L. (2020). Influences of surface area of graphene on fire protection of waterborne intumescent fire resistive coating. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 139, 106-113.
[95] Liu, Z., Dai, M., Wang, C., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Jin, B., & Gao, X. (2016). Effects of the addition mode and amount of organic montmorillonite in soft-core/hard-shell emulsion on fire protection, water resistance and stability of fire retardant coating. Progress in Organic Coatings, 101, 350-358.
[96] UL-94 standard Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances testing
[97] Nuraje, N., Khan, S. I., Misak, H., & Asmatulu, R. (2013). The addition of graphene to polymer coatings for improved weathering. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2013.
DOI: 10.1155/2013/514617
[98] Hasani, M., Mahdavian, M., Yari, H., & Ramezanzadeh, B. (2018). Versatile protection of exterior coatings by the aid of graphene oxide nano-sheets; comparison with conventional UV absorbers. Progress in Organic Coatings, 116, 90-101.
[99] ASTM G154 Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Materials
[100] ASTM E903-96 Standard Test Method for Solar Absorptance, Reflectance, and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating Spheres
DOI: 10.1520/e0903