Paper Titles
Preface
Enhancing the Wear Resistance and Mechanical Performance of AISI 1010 Steel for Engineering Tools with Organic Carbon Carburization
p.3
Manganese-Based Alloys: Advancements, Challenges and Future Directions in Metallurgical and Functional Applications
p.17
The Role of Iron and Steel in Economic Development of a Nation
p.29
Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Sol-Gel Coatings Synthesized from Rice Husk Ash, Doped in Graphene Oxide (GO) for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel
p.35
Prediction of Efficiency of Water Hyacinth as Corrosion Inhibitor of Steel in Marine Environment Using Multiple Linear Regression
p.47
Plasma Treatment of Polymer Powder for Advanced Applications
p.57
Mechanical Performance of PVC Paste Composites Reinforced with Brachirus orientalis Fish Shell
p.69
DFT Study of Point Defects in Y2O3 Doped with Zirconium
p.79

Manganese-Based Alloys: Advancements, Challenges and Future Directions in Metallurgical and Functional Applications

Article Preview

Abstract:

Manganese is a key transition metal essential to metallurgy, particularly for strengthening steel. Alloys of manganese including iron-manganese (Fe-Mn), manganese-aluminum (Mn-Al), manganese-titanium (Mn-Ti), and other multi-element systems are increasingly critical in biomedical, aerospace, energy, and marine industries. This review consolidates current knowledge, highlights research gaps, and charts future directions by examining Mn’s chemical and metallurgical properties, major alloy systems, mechanical and corrosion performance, and modern processing methods. In-depth case studies in automotive (TWIP steels), biomedical (biodegradable stents), and aerospace (high-entropy alloys) applications are presented to illustrate real-world performance. A comparative analysis of advanced manufacturing techniques, including Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and Directed Energy Deposition (DED), reveals the profound impact of processing on microstructure and properties. Drawing on over seventy recent studies, this work assesses how microstructure, phase transformations, and alloying behavior influence performance across structural, biodegradable, and functional applications. Despite notable progress, challenges persist in predicting corrosion, ensuring long-term biocompatibility, overcoming low-temperature brittleness, and mitigating the environmental impacts of manganese processing. A critical evaluation of the manganese lifecycle, from mining impacts to recycling challenges, underscores the need for sustainable practices. To address these challenges, we recommend advanced manufacturing for precise microstructural control, surface treatments to improve corrosion resistance, and computational modeling to predict performance. Future research should prioritize corrosion-resistant, biocompatible alloys, refine additive manufacturing for complex designs, gather long-term biocompatibility data, and improve recycling methods. Collaborative efforts integrating simulations, experimental validation, and sustainable practices will ultimately shape manganese’s role in future innovations.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
The 7th FUTA Engineering Conference (FUTA-EC) View Preview
Polymers, Composites, Ceramics, Steel and Alloys View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1178)

Pages:

17-27

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-MmDXR2

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Babatunde O. Iwarere*, Daniel T. Oloruntoba, Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme, Olawale Olarewaju Ajibola

Keywords:

Advanced Manufacturing, Biocompatibility, Corrosion Resistance, Manganese Alloys, Metallurgy, Sustainable Processing

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] Afonso, J. (2019). Manganês no Brasil: Descoberta, extração, consumo e comercialização numa perspectiva histórica. Quím. Nova.

DOI: 10.21577/0100-4042.20170435

Google Scholar

[2] Sharma, A., Kumar, R. and Singh, S. (2024). Multifunctional manganese alloys for automotive applications: A review of processing-structure-property relationships. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 33(1), 137–149.

DOI: 10.1007/s11665-023-08440-0

Google Scholar

[3] Feng, H., Li, C., Huang, J., Wang, J., Xue, L., Wang, C. and Zhang, Y. (2025). Research advances in additively manufactured high-entropy alloys: Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. Metals, 15(2), 136.

DOI: 10.3390/met15020136

Google Scholar

[4] Wendt, M. (2021). Trace element partitioning in high-manganese steels: From phase stability to mechanical properties. Acta Mater., 213, 116933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat. 2021.116933.

Google Scholar

[5] Martin, S., Richter, S. and Decker, S. (2020). Strain hardening mechanisms in FeMnC alloys via thermomechanical processing. Acta Mater., 199, 627–638.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.08.054

Google Scholar

[6] Stepanov, N., Shaysultanov, D., Chernichenko, R., Tikhonovsky, M. and Zherebtsov, S. (2019). Effect of Al on structure and mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Cr-Ni-Al non-equiatomic high entropy alloys with high Fe content. J. Alloys Compd., 770, 194–203.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.093

Google Scholar

[7] Dargusch, M., DehghanManshadi, A., Shahbazi, M., Venezuela, J., Tran, X., Song, J. and Wen, C. (2019). Exploring the role of manganese on the microstructure, mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of porous iron-based scaffolds. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 5(4), 1686–1702.

DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01497

Google Scholar

[8] Palmer, S., Martin, J., Lindquist, P. and Müllner, P. (2023). Transformation pathways of ferromagnetic Mn-Al-Ga-Ni. Magnetochem., 9(5), 128.

DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry9050128

Google Scholar

[9] Hajšman, J., Kučerová, L. and Burdová, K. (2021). The influence of varying aluminium and manganese content on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of high strength steels. Metals, 11(9), 1446.

DOI: 10.3390/met11091446

Google Scholar

[10] Annamalai, A., Srikanth, M., Varshney, R., Ashokkumar, M., Patro, S. and Jen, C. (2020). Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered manganese addition on Ti48Al2Cr2Nb alloys. Metals, 10(12), 1577.

DOI: 10.3390/met10121577

Google Scholar

[11] Tiwari, N., Mishra, S., Srivastava, A., Sarkar, S., Chaudhary, V., Paliwal, M. and Tiwary, C. (2024). Enhanced magnetocaloric and mechanical properties of novel Mn–Ni–Cu and Mn–Ni–Ga alloys for near-room temperature applications. Adv. Eng. Mater., 27(4), 2301344.

DOI: 10.1002/adem.202401601

Google Scholar

[12] Peng, H., Chen, J., Wang, Y. and Wen, Y. (2017). Key factors achieving large recovery strains in polycrystalline Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloys: A review. Adv. Eng. Mater., 20(3), 1700741.

DOI: 10.1002/adem.201700741

Google Scholar

[13] Song, J., Kim, H. and Park, S. (2023). Precipitation hardening in Mn-Al and Mn-Cu alloys for enhanced wear resistance. J. Alloys Compd., 937, 168321.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.168321

Google Scholar

[14] Song, H., Song, S., Cho, J. and Song, G. (2023). Influence of heat-treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of CuCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy. Korean J. Met. Mater., 61(6), 449–457.

DOI: 10.3365/KJMM.2023.61.6.449

Google Scholar

[15] Dargusch, M.S., Balasubramani, N. and Yang, N. (2019). Biodegradable MnZn alloys for medical implants: Design and performance. Acta Biomater., 97, 406–415.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.032

Google Scholar

[16] Tiwari, R., Sharma, A. and Kumar, S. (2024). Magnetocaloric and shape memory effects in Mn-Ga alloys for advanced applications. J. Mater. Sci., 59(3), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10853-023-09234-5.

Google Scholar

[17] Allam, L., Lazar, F. and Chopart, J. (2022). Corrosion behavior of ZnMn coatings magnetoelectrodeposited. Magnetochem., 8(7), 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry 8070069.

DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8070069

Google Scholar

[18] Pastorková, J., Jacková, M., Pastorek, F., Florková, Z. and Drábiková, J. (2020). Effect of phosphating temperature on surface properties of manganese phosphate coating on HSLA steel. Commun. Sci. Lett. Univ. Žilina, 22(1), 55–61.

DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2020.1.55-61

Google Scholar

[19] Ali, S., Khan, M. and Rehman, A. (2020). Corrosion behavior of manganese-based alloys in marine environments. Corros. Sci., 165, 108392.

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108392

Google Scholar

[20] Tangstad, M., Ichihara, K. and Ringdalen, E. (2015). Pretreatment unit in ferromanganese production. Infacon XIV, 99–108.

Google Scholar