Study on Nonionic Surfactant Gel Fracturing Fluid

Abstract:

Two kinds of nonionic surfactants were synthesized to configure fracturing fluid that can make up for the inadequacy of cationic surface active agent which has damage to the formation. The effect of the surfactant concentration on the apparent viscosity was discussed in this paper. The shear resistance, heat resistant, sand-carrying performance and gel breaking of the fracturing fluid were evaluated as well. It was shown that 2% of the surface active agent which was synthesized by oleic acid could crosslink in aqueous solution with the help of cosurfactant, and the viscosity could remain in 40mPa·s at 60°C, 170s^-1; 3% of the surface active agent which was synthesized by erucic acid could crosslink in aqueous solution with the help of cosurfactant, and the viscosity could remain in 45mPa·s at 90°C, 170s^-1. The elastic modulus G'≥2 and viscous modulus G"≥0.3 at 25°C and 0.01~10Hz frequency range showed that the fracturing fluid had good viscoelasticity. In the condition of 30°C, 70°C, sand sedimentation rates were 0.02 mm/s, 0.57 mm/s and 0.04 mm/s, 0.72 mm/s, meaning that the carrying capacity was perfect. The systems could be broken with kerosene, the gel breaking liquid was clarified and had no residue. So the fracturing fluids were suitable for the low and medium-high temperature formation.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 847)
• Pages: 532-538
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.847.532
• Online since: March 2016
• Authors: Ying Zi Zhao, Zi Yu Zhu, Zhi Gang Zhong, He Yun Guo, Xu Wang
• Keywords: Fracturing Fluid, Properties, Surfactant, Wormlike Micelles

References

[1] Dreiss CA. Wormlike micelles: where do we stand? Recent developments, linear rheology and scattering techniques, Soft Matter. 8(2007) 956-970.

DOI: 10.1039/b705775j

[2] Candau SJ, Oda R, Linear viscoelasticity of salt-free wormlike micellar solutions, Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 183(2001) 5-14.

DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00535-0

[3] Raghavan SR, Kaler EW, Highly viscoelastic wormlike micellar solutions formed by cationic surfactants with long unsaturated tails, Langmuir. 17(2001) 300-306.

DOI: 10.1021/la0007933

[4] Rekha Goswami Shresha, Lok Kumar Shrestha, Kenji Aramaki, Wormlike micelles in mixed amino acid-based anionic/nonionic surfactant systems, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 322(2008) 596-604.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.03.009

[5] Yuichiro Takamatsu, Naoyuki Iwata, Kazuyuki Tsubone, Synthesis and aqueous solution properties of novel anionic heterogemini surfactants containing a phosphate headgroup, Journal Of Colloid and Interface Science. 338(2009) 229-235.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.06.016

[6] W. Al-Sadat, M.S. Nasser, F. Chang, H.A. NasrElDin, I.A. Hussein, Laboratory evaluation of the effects of additives and pH on the thermorheological behavior of a viscoelastic zwitterionic surfactant used in acid stimulation, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 122(2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2014.08.006

[7] Caili Dai, Kai Wang, Yifei Liu, Hui Li, Ziyang Wei, Mingwei Zhao, Reutilization of Fracturing Flowback Fluids in Surfactant Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery, Energy&Fuels. 29(2015) 2304-2311.

DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00507

[8] P. Parekh, D. Varade, J. Parikh, P. Bahadur, Anionic-cationic mixed surfactant systems: Micellar interaction of sodium dodecyl trioxyethylene sulfate with cationic Gemini surfactants, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 385(2011).

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.05.057

[9] Zengying Zhao, Guocheng Lu, Visco-elastic properties of VES Diverting Acid for carbonate reservoirs, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 18(2010) 511-514.

DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(10)60251-0

[10] Haiming Fan, Lingwei Meng, Yongjian Wang, Xiaoyan Wu, Shuren Liu, Yuan Li, Wanli Kang, Superior thermal stability gel emulsion produced by low concentration Gemini surfactant, Colloids and surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects. 384(2011) 194-199.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.03.058

[11] W. Al-Sadat, M.S. Nasser, F. Chang, H.A. NasrElDin, I.A. Hussein, Rheology of a viscoelastic zwitterionic surfactant used in acid stimulation: Effects of surfactant and electrolyte concentration, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 124(2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2014.09.014

[12] Bojan Sarac, Marija Bester. R, Temperature and salt-induced micellization of dodecyltrimithylammonium chloride in aqueous solution: A thermodynamic study, Journal of Colliod and Interface Scinece. 338(2009) 216-221.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.06.027

[13] David Lopez-Diaz, Erick Sarmiento-Gomez, Cristina Garza, Rolando Castillo, A rheological study in the dilute regime of the worm-micelle fluid made of zwitterionic surfactant(TDPS), anionic surfactant(SDS) and brine, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 348(2010).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.03.038

[14] Xiaomei Pei, Zonghui Xu, Binglei Song, Wormlike micelles formed in catanionic systems dominated by cationic Gemini surfactant: Synergistic effect with high efficiency, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 443(2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.007

[15] Fu Chen, Yue Wu, Weng Wang, Renlan Zha, Self-assembly networks of wormlike micelles and hydropobically modified polyacrylamide with high performance in fracturing fluid application, Colloid Plym Sci. 293(2015) 687-697.

DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3454-y