Materials Flow Analysis of Metallic Titanium in China

Abstract:

The materials flow quantity, direction, structure and characteristics of metallic titanium resources in China were illustrated by the Stocks and Flows (STAF) model with time series. The indices such as the metallic titanium resource efficiency, the import-export, the consumption and the social stocks were calculated. From the point of view of the overall resources flow, China titanium industry has entered a stable growth period from the development and expanding period during the recent decade. The resources self-support rate of metallic titanium production and manufacturing increased from 44% and 60% to 66% and 78%, respectively. The titanium ore grade is the main factor affecting the utilization efficiency of titanium element. Considering the titanium utilization rate were increased by 1%, the ore consumption of titanium sponge production would be reduced by 57.8kg/t. The production and consumption ratio of metallic titanium products was increased by 57%, which showed the trend from short supply to self-sufficiency and gaining the net exports of Chinese metallic titanium products. However it appears to the trend of surplus production capacity presently, and the high quality products still rely on import. The recycling of metallic titanium wastes is mainly from the manufacturing process, of which the recovery rate is still lower in the use stage. It is expected that China will face the peak of metallic titanium scraps in 2033 by calculating the amount of social stocks of metallic titanium resources.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 898)
• Pages: 2446-2454
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.898.2446
• Online since: June 2017
• Authors: Dan Pin Yang*, Feng Gao, Bo Xue Sun, Xian Zheng Gong
• Keywords: Materials Flow Analysis, Metallic Titanium, Recycling, Resource Efficiency

References

[1] H. Chang, L. Zhou, X.D. Wang, Progress and prospect of titanium industry and technology in China, J. Aeronautical Materials. 34(2014) 37-43.

[2] X.D. Wang, F.S. Dai, H. Jia, B. Hao, Report on the development of titanium industry in China in 2014, China Titanium Industry. 1(2015)3-8.

[3] J.A. Pak, S.J. Hong, I. Kim, J.Y. Lee, T. Hur, Dynamic material flow analysis of steel resources in Korea, Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 55(2011): 456-462.

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.12.007

[4] J.P. Andersen, B. Hyman, Energy and material flow models for the US steel industry, Energy. 26(2001)137-159.

DOI: 10.1016/s0360-5442(00)00053-0

[5] F. Gao, D.P. Yang, Z.R. Nie, X.Z. Gong, The environment load evaluation and optimization for the typical non-ferrous metals production based on the MFA/LCA method, Materials China. 35(2016)179-186.

[6] J. Jeremiah, J. Jirikowic, M. Bertram, B.D. Van, R.B. Gordon, Contemporary anthropogenic silver cycle: a multilevel analysis, Environmental Science & Technology. 39(2005)4655-4665.

DOI: 10.1021/es048319x

[7] H.P. Huang, J. Bi, B. Zhang, X.M. LI, L. SHI, A critical review of material flow analysis (MFA), Acta Ecologica Sinica. 1(2007): 369-379.

[8] C. Y. Xia, Review on studies of economy-wide material flow analysis, J. Natural Resources. 20 (2005)415-421.

[9] G.F. Bennett, Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis, Waste Management. 108(2004)112-113.

[10] S. Kytzia, M. Faist, P. Baccini, Economically extended-MFA: a material flow approach for a better understanding of food production chain, J. Clean Production. 12 (2004)877-889.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.004

[11] I. Daigo, S. Hashimoto, Y. Matsuno, Y. Adachi, Material stocks and flows accounting for copper and copper-based alloys in Japan, Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 53(2009)208-217.

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.11.010

[12] S. Spatari, M. Bertram, K. Fuse, T.E. Graedel, E. Shelov, The contemporary European zinc cycle: 1-year stocks and flows, Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 39(2003)137-160.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-3449(02)00168-4

[13] X.Y. Guo, Y. Song, Y. Wang, Material flow analysis of copper resources in China, J. Natural Resources. 23(2008)671-672.

[14] X.Y. Guo,Y. Song, Substance flow analysis of copper in China, Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 52(2008)874-882.

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.10.003

[15] X.Y. Guo, J.Y. Zhong, Y. Song, Analysis of lead material flow in China, J. Beijing University of Technology. 35(2009)1554-1561.

[16] Q. Yue, H.M. Wang, Z.W. Lu, S.K. Zhi, Analysis of anthropogenic aluminum cycle in China, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 24(2014)1134-1144.

DOI: 10.1016/s1003-6326(14)63172-1

[17] F. Gao, Z.R. Nie, Z.H. Wang, T.Y. Zuo, Resource depletion and environmental impact analysis of magnesium produced using pidgeon process in China, The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals. 16(2006)1456-1461.

[18] S. Spatari, M. Bertram, K. Fuse, T.E. Graedel, H. Rechberger, The contemporary European copper cycle: One year stocks and flows, Ecological Economics. 42(2002)27-42.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-8009(02)00103-9

[19] T.S. Dong, Titanium concentration, Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, (2009).

[20] W.Z. Zou, Titanium handbook, Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, (2012).

[21] Q. Yue, Z.W. Lu, Analysis of social stocks of metallic substance, J. Northeastern University (Natural Science). 30(2009)845-848.

[22] Q. Yue, Z.W. Lu, An analysis of contemporary copper recycling in China, The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering. 6(2006)683-690.