Reduction of AWJ Induced Delaminations by Impregnated Nanoclay GFRP Composites

Abstract:

Composite materials are extensively used in various applications like space, aircraft, and automobile sector because of superior physical and mechanical properties even though they are costly. In recent technological innovations, using Montmorillonite (Nanoclay) to reinforce polymer-based composites has raised attention to academic and industrial sectors since small addition could enhance Mechanical properties thereby decreasing failures like delaminations. In present research work, the effect of AWJ machining parameters on delaminations of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite is investigated. The Main objective is determining delamination factor and reduce delaminations which is major failure in laminates. This paper investigates on effects of impregnated Nanoclay epoxy in Bi-directional GFRP where previous research has been made only in changing the parameters for reduction of delaminations. The samples were machined using AWJ, delamination factors are measured using image-J software and SEM analysis for comparing micrographs. Finally with increase in nano clay weight fraction, delaminations are checked.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 969)
• Pages: 284-290
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.969.284
• Online since: August 2019
• Authors: Venkata V. Subba Rao*, Godavarthi Yeswanth Kiran Kumar, Sansanka Pentapalli
• Keywords: Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM), Bi-Directional GFRP, Delamination Factor, Delaminations, Hybrid Composites, Montmorillonite, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

References

[1] Morton, Composites Volume 22, Issue 5, September (1991).

[2] Machinability of Natural Fibre reinforced composites: A review: Mahmoud M A Nassar, Ramanathan Arunachalam, Khalid I. Alzebdeh (11 June 2016).

[3] C.C. Tsao, H. Hocheng, The effect of chisel length and associated pilot hole on delamination when drilling composite materials, Int. J. Machine Tools Manuf. 43 (11) (2003).

DOI: 10.1016/s0890-6955(03)00127-5

[4] Maxwell, D., Young, R.J. and Kinloch, A.J, Hybrid particulate-filled epoxy-polymers : Journal of Materials Science Letters Vol 3, 9–12Composites, Volume 15, Issue 3, July (1984).

DOI: 10.1007/bf00720061

[5] Alberdi, A. Suárez, T. Artaza, G.A. Escobar-Palafox, K. Ridgway,Composite Cutting with Abrasive Water Jet, Original Research Article, Productional Engineering, Volume 63, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.08.217

[6] Tom sunny, J. Babu, Jose Philip,Experimental Studies on Effect of Process Parameters on Delamination in Drilling GFRP Composites,Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.185

[7] M.A.J. Bosco, K.Palanikumar, B.D. Prasad, A.Velayudham, Influence of Machining Parameters on Delamination in Drilling of GFRP-armour Steel Sandwich Composites,Procedia Eng., Volume 51, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.108

[8] A.M. Abrão, P.E. Faria, J.C.C. Rubio, P. Reis, J. Paulo Davim Drilling of fibre reinforced plastics,Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 186, Issues 1–3, 7 May (2007).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.146

[9] Ho-Cheng H. A failure analysis of waterjet drilling in composite laminates. Int J Mach Tools Manufacturing (1990).

[10] Hashish M, Ramulu M, Kunaporn S, Posinasetti P. Abrasive waterjet machining of aerospace materials. In: 33rd International SAMPE Proceedings, vol. 33; (2001).

[11] Wang J. AWJ Machinig of polymer matrix composites-cutting performance, erosive process and predictive models. Int. J Adv Manufacturing Technology (1999).

DOI: 10.1007/s001700050129

[12] M.A. Azmir, A.K. Ahsan. A study of AWJ machining process on glass/epoxy composite laminate, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume-209, Issue20,19 Nov-(2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.08.011

[13] P.Jankovic, H. Oweinah, Influence of process parameters on blasting performance with the abrasive jet, in: Proc.10th Int. Symp. on Jet Technology, The Netherlands, (1990).

[14] T.U Siddiqui, Pradhan B. Effect of damage levels& curing stresses on delamination growth behavior in circular holes laminated FRP-composites. Compos ,A 2007;38:2412–21.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.08.010

[15] E. Leema, Characteristics- surfaces machined with AWJ, EngJ Mater Technology 113 (1991).

[16] Izzet Karakurt, Garg A. Fracture behavior-graphite/epoxy laminates, Eng-FracMech 1985;22.

[17] Roxana Nedelcu,Marissen R, Westphal T, Sterk JC. Fracture of quasi-isotropic composite sheets with sharp notches. Compos Science Technology (2006).

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.10.020

[18] Rv shah,VelayudhamA., Krishnamurthy, R., and Soundarapandian, T., Evaluation of drilling characteristics of high volume fraction FRP composite,, IJMTM, (2004).

[19] Izzet Karaurt Finnie I, McFedden DH. On the velocity dependence of the erosion of ductile metals by solid particles at low angles of incidence. Wear (1978).

DOI: 10.1016/0043-1648(78)90147-3

[20] J. Wang Abrasive waterjet machining of polymer matrix composites-cutting performance, erosive process and predictive models. Int J Adv Manuf Technol (1999).

DOI: 10.1007/s001700050129

[21] Mahesh H, Pinnavaia TJ, Lan T, Wang Z, Shi H, Kaviratna PD. Clay-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites:Synthesis, Properties & Mechanism of Formation. ACS series-(1996).

DOI: 10.1021/bk-1996-0622.ch017

[22] J.Njuguna, F.Ansari, V.M. Rodriguez, Nanomaterials, Nanofillers, and nanocomposites2014.

[23] Sivasaravanam.S,Akkapeddi MK, GFR olyamide-6 nano composites. Polymer. Composites.(2000).

[24] Roland L. Poveda, Nikhil Gupta, Electrical properties of carbon nanofiber reinforced multiscale polymer composites,Materials & Design, Volume 56, April (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.074

[25] S.Sundaram Sandler JKW, Pegel S, Cadek M, A comparative study of melt spun polyamide-12 fibers reinforced with carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. Polymer. (2004).

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.023

[26] R.K. Nayak, A.Dash, B.C. Ray, Effect of Epoxy Modifiers (Al2O3/SiO2/TiO2) on Mechanical Performance of epoxy/glass Fiber Hybrid Composites,Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6, (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.115

[27] Faheem uddin Jawahar P, Balasubramanian M, Influence of nanosize clay platelets on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester composites. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.(2006).

DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2006.656

[28] Shivakumar Chandradass J, Kumar MR, Velmurugan R. Effect of nanoclay addition on vibration properties of glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester composties Materials (2007).

DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.02.009

[29] Kalpesh B. Sidhpuria, Hasmukh A. Patel, Parimal A. Parikh, Pratap Bahadur, Hari C, Bajaj, Raksh V. Jasra, Rhodium nanoparticles intercalated into montmorillonite for hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in presence of thiophene,Applied Clay Science, Volume 42, Issues 3-4, Jan (2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.010