Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) from Banana (Musa paradisiaca) Pseudo-Stem with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB)

Abstract:

Modifying cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is necessary to improve its hydrophobic properties for broader applications. The surface of CNF from the banana pseudo-stem (Musa paradisiaca) was modified using a cationic surfactant, Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB). Principally, CNF surface sulfate ester group counterions are substituted for cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA⁺), which acts as a bulky, amphiphilic cation. Three steps produce CNF from banana pseudo-stem: delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The acid hydrolysis process was optimized by adjusting the concentration of sulfuric acid. A 50% sulfuric acid concentration produced CNF with a size of 118 nm and the highest stability of its zeta potential value of -28.4 mV. The hydrophobicity of CNF increased after CTAB modification, as demonstrated by a change in surface charge from -28.4 mV to +3.63 mV. The modified CNF50-CTAB had a contact angle of 45.5º. In addition, CNF50-CTAB was unstable in water and formed stable colloidal suspensions in chloroform.

• Periodical: Nano Hybrids and Composites (Volume 45)
• Pages: 97-105
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-g0HkKN
• Online since: November 2024
• Authors: Yasinta Nurhaliza, Maulidan Firdaus, Venty Suryanti*
• Keywords: Banana (Musa paradisiaca), Cationic Surfactant, Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF), Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB), Pseudo-Stem

References

[1] Alzate Acevedo S, Díaz Carrillo ÁJ, Flórez-López E, and Grande-Tovar CD. 2021, Recovery of Banana Waste-Loss from Production and Processing: A Contribution to a Circular Economy. Molecules,26(17), p.5282.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175282

[2] Zaman, B., Sutrisno, E., Cahyani, F.P. and Raharyani, D.M., 2020, March. Banana tree as natural biofilter for organic contaminant in wastewater treatment. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 448(1), p.012031).

DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/448/1/012031

[3] Arafat, K., Nayeem, J., Quadery, A.H., Quaiyyum, M.A. and Jahan, M.S., 2018. Handmade paper from waste banana fibre. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 53(2), pp.83-88.

DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v53i2.36668

[4] Adawiyah, R., Suryanti, V., and Pranoto. 2022. Preparation And Characterization Of Microcrystalline Cellulose From Lembang (Typha angustifolia L). In Journal of Physics, 2190(1), p.012007

DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012007

[5] Pranoto, Suryanti, V., and Adawiyah, R. 2023. Andisol And Microcrystalline Cellulose From Typha Angustifolia For Auramine O Adsorption. Int.J.Adv, 12(1), pp.27-36.

DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp27-36

[6] Trisnawati, E.W., Cahyani, I.S., Safriyani, D., Pramono, E. and Suryanti, V. 2023. Cellulose, Cellulose Benzoate And Cellulose Citrate From Screw Pine (Pandanus Tectorius) Leaves As PVDF Filler For Improved Permeability And Anti-Fouling Properties. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 67(3), pp.504-515.

DOI: 10.3311/ppch.22043

[7] Suryanti, V., Kusumaningsih, T., Safriyani, D. and Cahyani, I.S. 2023. Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Ethers from Screw Pine (Pandanus tectorius) Leaves Cellulose as Food Additives. International Journal of Technology, 14(3), 291-319.

DOI: 10.14716/ijtech.v14i3.5288

[8] Salama, S. Z., Firdaus, M., & Suryanti, V. 2024. Cellulose Ethers from Banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) Blossom Cellulose: Synthesis and Multivariate Optimization. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry. 24(2024), p.200–212.

DOI: 10.22146/ijc.86769

[9] Xie, H., Du, H., Yang, X. and Si, C. 2018. Recent Strategies In Preparation Of Cellulose Nanocrystals And Cellulose Nanofibers Derived From Raw Cellulose Materials. International Journal of Polymer Science,1(25).

DOI: 10.1155/2018/7923068

[10] Wang, T. and Zhao, Y., 2021. Optimization Of Bleaching Process For Cellulose Extraction From Apple And Kale Pomace And Evaluation Of Their Potentials As Film Forming Materials. Carbohydrate Polymers, 253, p.117225.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117225

[11] Tarchoun, A.F., Trache, D., Klapötke, T.M., Derradji, M. and Bessa, W., 2019. Ecofriendly Isolation And Characterization Of Microcrystalline Cellulose From Giant Reed Using Various Acidic Media. Cellulose, 26, pp.7635-7651.

DOI: 10.1007/s10570-019-02672-x

[12] Barbosa, R.F.S., Souza, A.G., Ferreira, F.F. and Rosa, D.S., 2019. Isolation And Acetylation Of Cellulose Nanostructures With A Homogeneous System. Carbohydrate polymers, 218, pp.208-217.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.072

[13] Phanthong, P., Reubroycharoen, P., Hao, X., Xu, G., Abudula, A. and Guan, G., 2018. Nanocellulose: Extraction and Application. Carbon Resources Conversion, 1(1), pp.32-43.

DOI: 10.1016/j.crcon.2018.05.004

[14] Prasanna, N.S. and Mitra, J., 2020. Isolation And Characterization Of Cellulose Nanocrystals From Cucumis Sativus Peels. Carbohydrate polymers, 247, p.116706.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116706

[15] Rashid, E.S.A., Gul, A., Yehya, W.A.H. and Julkapli, N.M., 2021. Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Nanocellulose At The Variation Of Catalytic Hydrolysis Process. Heliyon, 7(6).

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07267

[16] Novo, L.P., Bras, J., García, A., Belgacem, N. and Curvelo, A.A., 2015. Subcritical Water: A Method For Green Production Of Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 3(11), pp.2839-2846.

DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00762

[17] Hastati, D.Y., Hambali, E., Syamsu, K. and Warsiki, E., 2021. Enhanced Hydrophobicity Of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Through Surface Modification Using Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride Derived From Palmityl Alcohol. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 12, pp.5147-5159.

DOI: 10.1007/s12649-021-01366-5

[18] do Nascimento, J.H.O., Luz, R.F., Galvão, F.M., Melo, J.D.D., Oliveira, F.R., Ladchumananandasivam, R. And Zille, A., 2015. Extraction And Characterization Of Cellulosic Nanowhisker Obtained From Discarded Cotton Fibers. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2(1), pp.1-7.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.04.001

[19] Abitbol, T., Marway, H. and Cranston, E.D., 2014. Surface Modification Of Cellulose Nanocrystals With Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 29(1), pp.46-57.

DOI: 10.3183/npprj-2014-29-01-p046-057

[20] Zainuddin, N., Ahmad, I., Kargarzadeh, H. and Ramli, S., 2017. Hydrophobic Kenaf Nanocrystalline Cellulose For The Binding Of Curcumin. Carbohydrate polymers, 163, pp.261-269.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.036

[21] Poaty, B., Vardanyan, V., Wilczak, L., Chauve, G. and Riedl, B., 2014. Modification Of Cellulose Nanocrystals As Reinforcement Derivatives For Wood Coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 77(4), pp.813-820.

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.01.009

[22] Xiang, S., Ma, X., Liao, S., Shi, H., Liu, C., Shen, Y., Lv, X., Yuan, M., Fan, G., Huang, J. and Sun, X., 2019. Cellulose Nanocrystal Surface Cationization: A New Fungicide With High Activity Against Phycomycetes Capsici. Molecules, 24(13), p.2467.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132467

[23] Lu, J., Askeland, P. and Drzal, L.T., 2008. Surface Modification Of Microfibrillated Cellulose For Epoxy Composite Applications. Polymer, 49(5), pp.1285-1296.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.028

[24] Nasution, H. and Wijaya, F., 2020. Optimization of Hydrolysis Temperature and Sulfuric Acid Concentration in Making Nanocellulose Based on Kepok Banana Stem Fiber (Musa acuminata x balbisiana). Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 9(1), pp.1-6.

DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v9i1.3532