Self-Formation, Development and Reproduction of the Artificial Planar Systems

Article Preview

Abstract:

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Solid State Phenomena (Volumes 97-98)

Pages:

391-443

Citation:

Online since:

April 2004

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

[113] M. Apter 5. 3. 1. Closed Topological System. The systems discussed above interact with certain sequences of external systems, i. e. a formation takes place in the systems open for information. In the case of the system open for topology the topology is transferred in consecutive order from external systems to a forming system. In case of the system open for parameter, the figures of the initial system go through a series of transformations partly caused by a sequence of external systems, excluding topology, partly - by changing structure of the forming systems: by configuration and arrangement of figures. Examination of the system closed for topology and parameter will be accomplished hereinafter. The system closed for information is not closed from the point of view of thermodynamics. It may be open for energy and/or substances, however an energy and substance are derived in a chaotic state with no structure in space and in time. As it has been discussed, a closed topological system does not interact with a medium or external systems in the examined interval of time. There we have a non-equilibrium system. On the other hand an examination of completely non-equilibrium systems has no practical sense as discussed above. We are interested in non-equilibrium systems, that are in equilibrium state in the initial phase and carry themselves to equilibrium state after having progressed to the point of given complexity. Thus what interests us most is an investigation including putting out from equilibrium state, an evolution process and the resting to equilibrium state. Thus we introduce the new useful concepts. A closed equilibrium topological system in the non-interacting medium is further called as an elementary system. The elementary system can obtain a very different structure. The system, including two equilibrium elementary systems in distance of radius R<� of neighbourhood of a Euclidean point and obtaining an non-equilibrium state is further referred to the initial system. The initial system can be realised when two elementary systems come into contact and form a non-equilibrium system. As a rule there are two kinds of elementary systems. One of them includes topology on the plane while the other one can include a set of homogeneous planes with different parameters. We will call an evolution of a closed system followed by increase of its complexity we will call development [101, 126, 118]. This concept shows a principle analogous to the evolution of the closed topological systems with development of living beings from germ (seed-corn, egg, embryo). We will go into different kinds of development systems. It is a pity that we are able to examine only random cases of the development results of which confirm rather the fact of existence of such systems rather than its detail examination. The undetermined class and general laws of development of such systems remain. No doubt the research cases are chosen not by chance. They are defined by the already known technological achievements [101, 126, 118] and by analogous with living nature. 5. 3. 2. Development of Single Topological System. Development of the topological system occurs as an evolution of the initial system followed by increase of its complexity when an object interacts with another object. Localisation of interactions in space and time are controlled by evolutionary object itself. Evolution continues on at finite interval of time. Therefore a system must be equilibrium before and retain after evolution. Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Let us have a topological space including a set of parameters P = {0, 1, .., 7}. (5. 27) Let us assume that there are two different elementary systems in the topological space (Fig. 5. 9., a, b).

Google Scholar

[1] [1] [1] [1] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [3] 3 A a b c.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] [2] Fig. 5. 9. Elementary systems in topological space a - elementary system including a figure; b - elementary system without figure; c - initial system. S= {0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}, (5. 28) K = {0}{3}{0}. (5. 29) The matrix (Matrix 5. 30) of interactions is given by: Matrix 5. 30. 0000 0101 0202 0303 0404 0505 0606 0707 1010 1111 1212 1313 2020 2121 2222 2324 424 2526 2626 2727 3030 3131 3242 3333 3435* 3737 4040 4242 4353* 4444 4545 4647* 4747 5050 5262 5454 5555 5656 6060 6262 6363 6474* 6565 6666 6767 7070 7272 7373 7474 7676 7777 Let us remind you of an asterisk that marks the self-stopping interaction in distance R between Euclidean points juxtaposed to interaction parameters. Let us assume that elementary systems S and K draw closer to each other in distance R<� and the initial system arises as shown on figure (Fig. 5. 9, c). Thus we have merging of two elementary systems of different kinds (Eq. 5. 28, Eq. 5. 29), causing a formation of the initial system G: G = S � K = {0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{3}{0}. (5. 31) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Owing to the Euclidean points with parameters 2 and 3 which get into the same neighbourhoods, and interaction 2324 the initial system will take out of equilibrium: the figure A1 with parameter 4 arises on the plane {3} (Fig. 5. 10).

Google Scholar

[12] 0 0 0 0.

Google Scholar

[3] [2] 1 2 1 2.

Google Scholar

[1] 2 1.

Google Scholar

[4] 6 7 6.

Google Scholar

[3] 3 3 Fig. 5. 10. Development of initial topological system. If the initial system (Eq. 5. 31) now is in the non-equilibrium state, evolution of the system takes place in a following manner (Fig. 5. 10). {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{3} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 3)} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A1\A2, 6)(\A1, 3)} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}. (5. 32) According to (Eq. 5. 32) we obtain the following evolution of the initial system. The elementary systems S and K come into contact (they merge). It means that there is no medium plane between these systems. Owing to the interaction 2324 the figure A1 transfers into the bottom plane and has a parameter 4. However owing to 3435* the figure interacts with a supplementary plane. The figure A1 with parameter 4 shrinks to figure A2 with parameter 4, and the ring figure with parameter 5 turns out. Owing to the self-stopping interaction, an evolution stops. If the ring turns out, the interaction 2526 starts changing a parameter 5 by parameter 6. So when a figure A2 extends, only narrow ring with parameter 4, is contacted with parameter 5, because the last region has just has a parameter 6. The interaction 3435* stops and entire ring parameter 5 changes by parameter 6. Owing to 4647* the widening ring with parameter 7 around of figure A2 occurs. After self-stopping we have three figures: figure A2 with parameter 4, figure A3 with parameter 6 and figure A1 \A2 \A3 with parameter 7. After that all the system comes into equilibrium. The complexity of the system grows in the following manner: log 4 � log 1 � log 9 � log 16 � log 25 � log 36 . (5. 33) If we examine only the bottom plane, its complexity grows as follows log 1 � log 4 � log 9 � log 16 . (5. 34) So one can see an evolution of the initial system to the topology of bipolar transistor occurring without interaction with external systems. Consequently the evolution including an increasing of complexity of the closed topological systems is available. We know many of developing topological systems in the living world. Now we have (the first known case!) the developing artificial topological system [101, 118]. Where do the essential changes in topological system causes such unexpected properties against open system? The answer is: in matrix of interactions. There in contrary to the open system one can notice two self-stopping interactions. They define the end of figure formation, when process Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) stopping in the open system is realised by changing the medium. As we have seen in Part 4, such interactions exist in physical world, so the development of artificial systems can be accomplished. 5. 3. 3. Development of Two Types of the Topological Systems. In the previous section we have examined development of the initial system G containing two symmetrical elementary systems S and K (5. 31). However, it will be the only case in which an elementary system consists of only one plane. In this case the structure of initial system does not depend on contact sides of the elementary systems. If it were at least one asymmetrical elementary system, the structure of the initial system would have been also defined by the contacting side of an asymmetrical system. Let us have two elementary systems as they are shown in figure (Fig. 5. 11., a, b).

Google Scholar

[1] [1] [1] 1.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [0] 0.

Google Scholar

[3] a b c d.

Google Scholar

[2] [2] 2.

Google Scholar

[8] Fig. 5. 11. Asymmetry of K elementary system and different initial systems a - symmetrical elementary system containing a figure; b - asymmetrical elementary system containing two different planes; c - initial system of first type; d - initial system of second type. S = {0}{(A 1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}, (5. 35) K = {0}{3}{8}{0}. (5. 36) As it is seen in (Eq. 5. 36) the elementary system K is asymmetric. Consequently two types of the initial system (male" and "female, ) are available: GM = {0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{3}{8}{0}, (5. 37) as they are shown in figure (Fig. 5. 11., c), and GF = {0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{8}{3}{0}, (5. 38) as shown in figure (Fig. 5. 11., d). Equations (Eq. 5. 37., Eq. 5. 38) may be shortened like that: GM = G = S � K , (5. 39) GF = G.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8663/supp-4

Google Scholar

[0] 0 0 0 0.

Google Scholar

[1] [1] 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[2] [2] 2 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[8] 8 8 8 8 8 96 6.

Google Scholar

[5] [3] 3 3 3 3 3.

Google Scholar

[7] 7 7 7.

Google Scholar

[4] 4 4.

Google Scholar

[4] Fig. 5. 12. Development of the M type of the initial system. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{3}{8} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{8} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 4) (\A1, 3)} {(A1, 7)(\A1, 8)} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A1, \A2, 5)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 8)} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4) (A1\A2, 6)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 8)} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6) (A1\A2\A3, 9)(\A1, 3)} {(A1, 7)(\A1, 8)}. (5. 42) The complexity of the initial system arises as follows log 4 � log 4 � log 16 � log 36 � log 49 � log 64 . (5. 43) The complexity of medium plane arises: log 1 � log 4 � log 9 � log 16 . (5. 44) This is the way in which the evolution accordance (Eq. 5. 42) occurs. Confluence of two elementary systems S and K into the initial system GM owing to the interactions 2324 and 4847 defines transfer of the figure A1 from the plane S into both planes of K . When a figure with Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) parameter 4 appears on the plane {3}, the self-stopping interaction 3435* comes into force. Owing to this interaction a diminishing of figure A1 starts and a ring region with parameter 5 appears. However, owing to 5767 the ring parameter 5 is being changed by parameter 6. As soon as the increase of ring width stops, the entire ring acquires a parameter 6, which comes into contact with a figure containing parameter 4. Owing to 4649* the extension of figure A2 starts and as a result we have a ring with parameter 9 around figure. Evolution of GF occurs in the analogous way (Fig. 5. 13).

Google Scholar

[0] 0 0 0 0.

Google Scholar

[1] [1] 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] [2] 2 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[8] 8 8 8 8 6 8 9 6.

Google Scholar

[5] 5 5 5.

Google Scholar

[3] 3 3 3 3 3.

Google Scholar

[10] 10 10 10 Fig. 5. 13. Development of F type of the initial system. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{8}{3} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 8)}{3} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 5)(\A1, 3)} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 10)(A1\A2, 1)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 5)(\A1, 3)} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 10)(A1\A2, 6)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 5)(\A1, 3)} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 10)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 9)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 5)(\A1, 3)}. (5. 45) The system goes to equilibrium after evolution according to (Eq. 5. 45) as in the case of (Eq. 5. 42). Complexity of the system increases as in (Eq. 5. 43., Eq. 5. 44). As a result we have two different types – male M and female F developed systems: GM = S � K � M, (5. 46) GF = S � K.

DOI: 10.1201/9781420006360.ax1

Google Scholar

[4] 1 1.

Google Scholar

[3] a b.

Google Scholar

[3] [8] Fig. 5. 14. Elementary systems a - of the M type; b - of the F type. S = {0}{(A1, 3)(\A1, 4)}{0} (5. 75) and K = {0}{8}{1}{3}{0}. (5. 76) Let us have a matrix of interactions as shown in (Matrix 5. 77): Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Matrix 5. 77. 0000 0101 0202 0303 0404 0505 0606 0707 0808 0900 1010 1111 1215* 1313 1515 1818 1929 2020 2151* 2222 2324 2424 2929 3030 3131 3242 3333 3434 3636 3737 3838 4040 4242 4343 4444 4565.

Google Scholar

[2] 4647* 4747 4849 4949 5050 5151 5456 5555 5656 5757 5995 6060 6363.

Google Scholar

[2] 6474* 6566 6666 6767 7070 7373 7474 7575 7676 7777 8080 8181 8383 8494 8888.

Google Scholar

[3] 8999 9000 9192 9292 9494 9595.

Google Scholar

[3] 9899 9999 A random contact of elementary systems S and K causes the initial system G S � K = G . (5. 78) There the following evolution occurs (Fig. 5. 15).

Google Scholar

[0] 0 0 0 0.

Google Scholar

[1] 1 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[2] [2] 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[3] [3] [3] 3 3 3 3 3.

Google Scholar

[4] [4] [4] [4] 4 4 4.

Google Scholar

[4] 4 4 4.

Google Scholar

[5] 5 5 5.

Google Scholar

[8] 8 8 8.

Google Scholar

[9] 9 9 9.

Google Scholar

[6] [6] [6] [6] [7] 7 7 Fig. 5. 15. Limited reproduction of one type of system. {(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{8}{1}{3} � {(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 9)(\A1, 8)}{1}{3} � �{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3} {(A1, 9)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 4)\A1, 3)} � �{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 9)(\A1, 8)}{(A2, 2) (A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A1\A2, 6)(\A1, 3)} � �{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 9)(\A1, 8)}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5) (\A1, 1)} {(A2, 4)(A3, 6) (A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)} � �{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{9}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5) (\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6) (A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)} � �{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{0}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5) (\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7) (\A1, 3)} � �{0}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{0} = S �{0}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5 )(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)} = M . (5. 79) According to (Eq. 5. 79) there the following evolution occurs. Both of the elementary systems are in equilibrium and there is no interaction between them. After confluence into single initial system Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) according to (Eq. 5. 78) the interaction 4849 comes into force and a figure A1 with parameter 9 on the second plane appears. Owing to 9192 a figure A1 with parameter 2 appears on the third plane. Eventually owing to 2324 figure A1 on the fourth plane appears. At the same time owing to 1215* evolution on the third plane begins. The figure A1 narrows to figure A2, the ring with parameter 5 around figure arises. Owing to 5456 the ring on the fourth plane with parameter 6 arises as a quick succession. Finally, the interaction 1215* stops. As soon as this happens, the interaction 24647* comes into force. There the index 2 means that this interaction occurs considerably lower than the others. Extension of figure A1 begins and a ring A1\A2\A3 with parameter 7 arises. Matrix of interactions contains an interaction 38999, where the index 3 means a considerably lower rate of this reaction than the one indexed by 2. This interaction causes a widening of figure A1 with parameter 9 on the second plane, as entire plane becomes homogeneous. However owing to 9000 a plane transfers from object plane onto the medium plane, separating S from M. The complexity of such a system increases as follows: log 4 � log 9 � log 48 � log 80 � log 99 � log 80 � log 4 � log 49. (5. 80) The complexity of the fourth plane increases in such a way: log 1 � log 4 � log 9 � log 16. (5. 81) The difference between these systems and the ones examined above lies in interactions of different velocity. It is known that there are the stop-interactions as a distinct analogous to the nonlinear processes. An indispensable condition of reproduction is an interaction with topological system and medium. Interaction with medium is controlled by the system itself, when contacting with medium plane; there on the plane a parameter interacting with medium parameter appears. 5. 4. 2. Finite Reproduction of Two Types of Topological System. Let us assume we have a topological space where a set of parameters is defined by P = {0, 1, .., 19}, (5. 82) and a matrix of interactions is given by (Matrix 5. 83): Matrix 5. 83. 0000 0101 0202 0303 0404 0606 0700 0909 1010 1111 1212 1919 2020 2121 2222 2727 2, 9, 2, 10 3030 3333 3435* 3535 3636 3737 3838 3939 4040 4353* 4444 4545 4, 6, 4, 12* 4747 4847 5353 5454 5555 5757 5858 6060 6363 6, 4, 12, 4* 6666 6767 7000 7272 7373 7474 7575 7676 7777 7878 7, 9, 7, 11 8383 8474 8585 8787 8888 8989 9090 9191 9, 2, 10, 2 9393 9, 7, 11, 7 9898 9999 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) 10, 0, 1, 0 10, 2, 10, 2 10, 3, 10, 4 10, 4, 10, 4 10, 5, 10, 6 10, 6, 10, 6 10, 7, 10, 7 10, 8, 10, 15 10, 9, 10, 9 11, 0, 2, 0 11, 7, 12, 7 12, 0, 12, 0 12, 3, 12, 3 12, 4, 12, 4 12, 6, 12, 6 12, 7, 12, 7 13, 0, 13, 0 13, 1, 13, 1 13, 9, 16, 16 14, 0, 14, 0 14, 3, 14, 14 14, 6, 14, 6 15, 7, 15, 7 14, 9, 14, 13 15, 1, 0, 1 15, 3, 15, 14 15, 5, 15, 5 15, 6, 15, 7* 15, 7, 15, 7 15, 8, 5, 8* 16, 0, 16, 17 16, 8, 19, 8 17, 0, 17, 18 17, 3, 8, 3 18, 0, 3, 9 0, 10, 0, 1 0, 11, 0, 2 0, 12, 0, 12 0, 13, 0, 13 0, 16, 17, 6 0, 17, 18, 17 0, 18, 9, 3 1, 13, 1, 13 1, 15, 1, 0 2, 10, 2, 10 3, 10, 4, 10 3, 12, 3, 12 3, 14, 14, 14 3, 15, 14, 5 3, 17, 3, 8 4, 10, 4, 10 4, 12, 4, 12 5, 10, 6, 10 5, 15, 5, 15 6, 10, 6, 10 6, 12, 6, 12 6, 14, 6, 14 6, 15, 7, 15* 7, 10, 7, 10 7, 11, 7, 11 7, 12, 7, 12 7, 15, 7, 15 8, 10, 15, 10 8, 15, 8, 5* 8, 16, 8, 19 9, 10, 9, 10 9, 13, 16, 16 9, 14, 13, 14 10, 10, 10, 10 10, 13, 10, 13 10, 15, 10, 15 11, 11, 11.

Google Scholar

[11] 12, 12, 12, 12 12, 14, 12, 14 13, 10, 13, 10 13, 13, 13, 13 13, 14, 13, 14 14, 12, 14, 12 14, 13, 14, 13 14, 14, 14, 14 14, 15, 14, 15 14, 16, 14, 16 14, 19, 0, 9 15, 10, 15, 10 15, 14, 15, 14 15, 15, 15, 15 16, 16, 16, 16 17, 17, 17, 17 18, 18, 18, 18 19, 14, 9, 0 Let us assume that there are two pairs of dissimilar elementary systems exist (Fig. 5. 16., a, b) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) S = {S, S}, (5. 84) K = {K , K.

DOI: 10.17816/snv201763221.f42454

Google Scholar

[1] [1] [0] [0] 0.

Google Scholar

[3] A a b.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] [8] [9] [9] Fig. 5. 16 Elementary systems a - of the S type; b - of the K type. Let us assume that elementary systems contact in pairs and there two dissimilar initial systems arise: S U K = G , (5. 89) S U K.

Google Scholar

[2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] 2.

Google Scholar

[9] [9] [9] 9.

Google Scholar

[9] [9] 9 9.

Google Scholar

[8] 8 8.

Google Scholar

[3] [3] [3] [3] [1] [1] [1] [1] 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [1] [0] 0 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [0] [7] 7 7.

Google Scholar

[7] [6] 6 6.

Google Scholar

[5] [15] [10] 10.

Google Scholar

[10] 10 10 10.

Google Scholar

[13] [14] 14.

Google Scholar

[11] [4] 4 4 4.

Google Scholar

[4] 12 12 Fig. 5. 17. Deteriorate reproduction M type topological system. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{9}{3}{8}{9}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{3}{8}{9}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{8}{9}{0} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 8)}{9}{0} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 11)(\A1, 9)}{0} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 4) (A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 9)}{0} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 4)(A1\A2, 6)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 15)}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 10)}{0} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 4)(A1\A2, 6)(\A1, 3)}{A1, 7)(\A1, 0)}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 12)(\A1, 14)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 0)}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1 )}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 13)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 12)(\A1, 14)}{0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0} � �{0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 13)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 12)(\A1, 14)} = M �{0} �{0}�{0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}= S . (5. 91) As we see from (Eq. 5. 91) two elementary systems confluence into the initial system of M type that develops into the topological system of the same type: S � K = G � M � S . (5. 92) The evolution in this case could be described as follows. After confluence of both elementary systems S and K into the initial system G , an interaction 2, 9, 2, 10 comes into force; a figure A1 with parameter 10 arises on the second plane. Owing to interactions 10, 3, 10, 4, then 4847 and 7, 9, 7, 11 figures A1 with parameters 4, 7, 11 appear on the third, fourth, fifth planes respectively. Owing to 11, 0, 2, 0, the figure A1 on the fifth plane obtains a parameter 2. At the same time the interactions 3435* and 2, 9, 2, 10 take place. The first one is a self-stopping interaction - a figure A1 shrinks to the figure A2 with the parameter 4, and stops. A ring with parameter 5 arises around the figure A2. Owing to 5, 10, 6, 10 a parameter 5 is consequently changed for the parameter 6. An evolution on the fifth plane causes the appearance of the ring extending to the side of the finite plane, changing a parameter 9 of figure A1 by parameter 10. At the same time owing to 10, 8, 10, 15 on the fourth plane a ring parameter 8 is changed by parameter 15. At the very same time Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) an interaction 10, 0, 1, 0 changes a parameter of \A1 on the fifth plane by parameter 1, and owing to 1, 15, 1, 0 - the parameter 15 of the \A1 on the fourth plane by parameter 1. At the time interaction 5, 10, 6, 10 is finished and 4, 6, 4, 12* goes into action. The ring with parameter 12 appears around a figure A2 on the third plane and the figure A3 with parameter 6 arises. Owing to 7000 a figure A1 on the fourth plane narrows and disappears, and the plane obtains a parameter 0, i. e. - a parameter of medium. So the topological systems are broken, and two systems have become autonomous. The evolution according to (Eq. 5. 90) occurs as follows (Fig. 5. 18).

Google Scholar

[2] [2] [2] [2] 2.

Google Scholar

[9] [9] [9] 9.

Google Scholar

[9] [9] 9 9.

Google Scholar

[8] [8] [8] [8] 8.

Google Scholar

[8] [8] [3] [3] [3] [3] [1] [1] [1] [1] 1.

Google Scholar

[0] [7] [15] 15 15.

Google Scholar

[5] [15] [10] 10 10 10.

Google Scholar

[14] [13] [14] 14.

Google Scholar

[16] 19.

Google Scholar

[17] [18] Fig. 5. 18. Deteriorate reproduction of F type of topological system. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{9}{8}{3}{9}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)}(\A1, 9)}{8}{3}{9}{0}{0}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A1, 15)(\A1, 8)}{3}{9}{0}{0}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A1, 15)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 14)(\A1, 3)}{9}{0}{0}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A1, 15)(\A1, 8)}{(A1, 14)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 13)(\A1, 9)}{0}{0}{0} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 15)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 8)}{14}{16}{17}{0}{0}� �{(A1, 2) (\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 15)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 8)}{14}{16}{17}{18} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 15)(A1\A2, 6)(\A1, 8)}{14}{19}{8}{3}{9} � �{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} {(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 15)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 8)}{0}{9}{8}{3}{9}� ��{0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 10)(\A1, 9)}{(A2, 15)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 8)}{0}= F �{0} �{0}{9}{8}{3}{9} = K.

Google Scholar

[16] respectively. Owing to 16, 0, 16, 17 and 17, 0, 17, 18 the sixth and seventh planes appear with parameters 17 and 18. Later owing to 18, 0, 9, 3 one more medium plane changes parameter 0 into parameter 9 and the parameter 18 of the seventh plane into parameter 3. The interaction 3, 17, 3, 8 changes a parameter 17 of the sixth plane by parameter 8, than the interaction 18, 6, 18, 19 changes a parameter 16 of the fifth plane into parameter 19. Owing to 5, 10, 6, 10 the ring around figure A2 changes a parameter 5 by parameter 6, and the interaction 15, 6, 15, 7* starts on the third plane. Owing to 19, 14, 9, 0 the parameters of the fourth and fifth planes are changed into parameters 0 and 9. The value of parameter 0 of the fourth plane means, that a system plane becomes a medium plane and that the two systems separated by the medium plane. Owing to 15, 6, 15, 7 the ring arises with parameter 7 around a figure A2 and figure A3 appears with parameter 6. So we get following results of evolution: S � K � G � M � S, (5. 95) S � K.

Google Scholar

[2] 2, 9, 2, 10* 3030 3131 3262 3333 3434 3666 4141 4343 4444 4676 4748* 5050 5151 5252 5555 5959 6000 6161 6262 6366 6467 6666 6767 6868 7172 7272 7484* 7676 7777 7878 7979 8080 8289 8686 8787 8888 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) 9191.

Google Scholar

[2] 9, 2, 10, 2* 9595 9797 9999 10, 1, 10, 1 10, 2, 10, 2 10, 5, 10, 11 10, 7, 10, 7 10, 8, 10, 8 10, 9, 10, 9 11, 1, 11, 1 11, 2, 12, 2 11, 5, 11, 11 11, 9, 11, 9 12, 1, 16, 1 13, 0, 13, 14 13, 4, 1, 4 14, 0, 14, 15 14, 3, 4, 3 15, 0, 3, 0 0, 11, 12, 11 0, 12, 0, 13 0, 13, 14, 13 0, 14, 15, 14 0, 15, 0, 3 1, 10, 1, 10 1, 11, 1, 11 1, 12, 1, 16 2, 10, 2, 10 2, 11, 2, 11 2, 12, 2, 12 3, 14, 3, 4 4, 13, 4, 1 5, 10, 11, 10 5, 11, 11, 11 7, 10, 7, 10 8, 10, 8, 10 9, 10, 9, 10 9, 11, 9, 11 9, 12, 9, 12 10, 10, 10, 1.

DOI: 10.17816/snv202091202.f50242

Google Scholar

10, 11, 10, 11 10, 12, 10, 12 11, 10, 11, 1.

Google Scholar

11, 11, 11, 11 11, 12, 11, 12 12, 12, 12, 12 12, 16, 0, 5 13, 12, 13, 12 13, 13, 13, 13 13, 14, 13, 14 14, 13, 14, 13 14, 14, 14, 14 14, 15, 14, 15 15, 14, 15, 14 15, 15, 15, 15 16, 11, 5, 0 16, 16, 16, 16 Let us assume that there are both dissimilar elementary systems in the topological space (Fig. 5. 19, a, b).

DOI: 10.1055/a-0656-8646

Google Scholar

[1] [1] 1.

Google Scholar

[3] A a b.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] [4] [1] [5] Fig. 5. 19. Elementary systems a - of the S type; b - of the K type. Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) S = {0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0} (5. 99) and K = {0}{3}{4}{1}{5}{0}. (5. 100) Let us make an assumption that unknown circumstances cause a confluence in a manner S � K = G. (5. 101) As it is known the system G is non-equilibrium and the evolution occurs in the following way (Fig. 5. 20): {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{3}{4}{1}{5}{0}{0}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 3)} {4}{1}{5}{0}{0}{0}{0}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 4)} {1}{5}{0}{0}{0}{0}{0}� � {(A1, 2)(\A1 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 4)}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} {5}{0}{0}{0}{0}{0}� � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 3)}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 4)}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} {5}{0}{0}{0}{0}{0} � � (A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 3)}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 4)}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 9) (\A1, 1)}{5}{0}{0}{0}{0}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{6}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 4)}{(A2, 2)(A3, 9) (A1\A2\A3, 10)(\A1, 1)}{5}{0}{0}{0}{0}{0} � � (A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{6}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 4)}{(A2, 2 ) (A3, 9)(A1\A2\A3, 10)(\A1, 1)} {(A2, 5)(A1\A2\A3, 11)(\A1\A3, 5)}{0}{0}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} {0}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 7)} {(A2, 2)(A3, 9)(A1\A2\A3, 10)(\A1, 1)}{11}{12}{13}{14}{15}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 7)}{(A2, 2)(A4, 9)(A1\A2\A4, 10)(\A1, 2)} {11} {12}{13}{14}{3}{0}� {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 7)} {(A2, 2)(A4, 9)(A1\A2\A4, 10) (\A1, 2)}{11}{12}{13}{4}{3}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0} {(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8) (\A1, 7)} {(A2, 2)(A4, 9)(A1\A2\A4, 10)(\A1, 2)}{11}{12}{1}{4}{3}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8) (\A1, 7)}{(A2, 2)(A4, 9)(A1\A2\A4, 10)(\A1, 2)}{11}{16}{1}{4}{3}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}{(A2, 7) (A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 7)}{(A2, 2)(A4, 9)(A1\A2\A4, 10)(\A1, 2)}{0}{5}{1}{4}{3}{0} � � {0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0} = S � � {0}{(A2, 7)(A1\A2, 8)(\A1, 7)}{(A2, 2)(A4, 9)(A1\A2\A4, 10)(\A1, 2)}{0}= O � {0}{5}{1}{4}{3}{0} = K.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [1] [1] 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [1] 1 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] 1 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] 2.

Google Scholar

[2] 2 2 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[3] 3 3.

Google Scholar

[4] 4 4 4.

Google Scholar

[4] 4 4 4.

Google Scholar

[4] [0] [0] 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [8] 8 8 8 8 8 8 8.

Google Scholar

[3] [6] [6] 6 6.

Google Scholar

[7] 7 7 7.

Google Scholar

[7] [7] 7.

Google Scholar

[7] 7 7.

Google Scholar

[7] [7] [7] [9] 9.

Google Scholar

[8] [2] [2] 2 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[10] 10 10 10 10 10 10.

Google Scholar

[9] [9] 9 9 9 9.

Google Scholar

[11] [11] [11] [11] [11] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [12] 12.

Google Scholar

[12] 12 16 5.

Google Scholar

[13] 13 13 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[14] 14.

Google Scholar

[15] 3 3 3 3 3.

Google Scholar

[0] 0 0 0 0.

Google Scholar

[11] [2] 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] 2 2 Fig. 5. 20. Infinite reproduction of one type of topological system. After confluence of two dissimilar elementary systems S and K owing to interactions 2326, 6467, 7172 figure A1 from the first plane transfers to the second, third and fourth planes containing parameters 6, 7, 2 respectively. As far as figure A1 with parameter 7 on the third plane appears, there starts an interaction 4748*. The figure A1 with parameter 7 is narrowing to figure A2 and a ring arises around a figure A2 with parameter 8. Process stops. As far as the ring 8 exists, the interaction 2898 causes forming of figure A2 with parameter 2 surrounded by ring with parameter 9 on the fourth plane. Owing to 22, 9, 2, 10* which velocity is much lower than the velocity of 4748*. The ring with parameter 10 appears around a figure A2. At the time of forming of the ring, an interaction 10, 5, 10, 11 begins and a ring with parameter 11 arises around A2 on the fifth plane. Owing to 11, 5, 11, 11 the fifth plane becomes homogenous with parameter 11. But owing to the sequence of interactions 11, 0, 11, 12; 12, 0, 12, 13; 13, 0, 13, 14; 14, 0, 14, 15 the medium on the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth planes obtains the parameters 12, 13, 14, 15 respectively. Owing to 15, 0, 3, 0 the ninth plane obtain a parameter 3 and as a result of interactions 3, 14, 3, 4; 4, 13, 4, 1; 1, 12, 1, 16; 16, 11, 5, 0 the eighth seventh and sixth planes obtain the parameters 4, 1, 5, 0 respectively. The parameter 4 on the third plane owing to the interaction 6467 changes a parameter 4 into parameter 7, which causes an interaction 7172 and parameter 1 on the fourth plane is changed by parameter 2. Owing to 22, 9, 2, 10* a ring with parameter 10 arises around a figure A3 with parameter 9. As a result we have an evolution, in which the initial system is formed by confluence of the two dissimilar elementary structures. During the development process this system separates from the elementary system S. During the interaction with medium topological system an elementary system of the second type K.

Google Scholar

[1] 7, 10, 7, 10 8, 0, 8, 14 8388 8686 8888 8, 9, 8, 11 8, 10, 8, 10 9292 9393 9696 9, 7, 11, 7 9, 8, 11, 8 9999 10, 2, 10, 2 10, 3, 10, 3 10, 5, 10, 5 10, 6, 10, 6 10, 7, 10, 7 10, 8, 10, 8 10, 10, 10, 10 11, 2, 11, 2 11, 3, 11, 3 11, 4, 11, 4 11, 5, 10, 5* 11, 6, 10, 6* 11, 7, 11, 7 11, 8, 11, 8 11, 10, 11, 10 12, 0, 0, 2 12, 7, 12, 7 14, 0, 14, 15 14, 3, 0, 3 14, 8, 14, 8 15, 0, 3, 4 16, 0, 16, 17 16, 3, 16, 3 16, 7, 16, 7 17, 0, 0, 1 0, 12, 2, 0* 0, 14, 15, 4 0, 15, 4, 3 0, 16, 17, 16 0, 17, 1, 0 2, 11, 2, 11 3, 11, 3, 11 3, 14, 3, 0 3, 16, 3, 16 4, 11, 4, 11 5, 11, 5, 10* 6, 11, 6, 10* 7, 11, 7, 11 7, 12, 7, 12 7, 16, 7, 16 8, 11, 8, 11 8, 14, 8, 14 10, 11, 10, 11 11, 11, 11, 11 12, 12, 12, 12 13, 13, 13, 13 14, 14, 14, 14 14, 15, 14, 15 15, 14, 15, 14 15, 15, 15, 15 16, 16, 16, 16 16, 17, 16, 17 17, 16, 17, 16 17, 17, 17, 17 Let us have two pairs of dissimilar elementary systems S and K, where K is asymmetrical one (Fig. 21., a, b): Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher).

Google Scholar

[4] [1] [1] [0] [0] [0] [0] [3] A a b.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] Fig. 5. 21 Elementary systems a - of the S type; b - of the K type. S = {S, S}, (5. 106) K = {K , K.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [1] [1] 1 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] [2] 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] [2] 2.

Google Scholar

[2] 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] [9] [5] 5.

Google Scholar

[3] 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.

Google Scholar

[12] 12.

Google Scholar

[17] [17] [16] 16 16 16.

Google Scholar

[7] [7] [7] [7] [1] 1.

Google Scholar

[12] [7] 7.

Google Scholar

[4] 4 4 4.

Google Scholar

[10] 10.

Google Scholar

[11] 11 11 Fig. 5. 22. Chain reproduction of the topological system of the M type. Owing to 4, 7, 16, 7 \A1 on the third plane obtains a parameter 16. But there we have 16, 0, 16, 17, so figures A1 with parameter 12 and \A1 with parameter 17 are formed on the fourth plane. As long as the interaction 17, 0, 0, 1 exists, an elementary structure S appears on the fifth plane. It has separated off the developing topological systems. A generation of normal elementary systems {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} instead of {(A1, 2)(\A1, 0)} lasts infinitely and after development of the basic system. At the time owing to 7, 9, 7, 11 parameter 9 is changed by parameter 11 and interaction 5, 11, 5, 10 begins when followed by forming a ring with parameter 10. In short the evolution according to (Eq. 5. 110) may be presented in the following manner: S � K � G � M* � {Si* : i � N} � M � {Sj : j = 1, 2, 3.. }, (5. 111) where M* - developing of male" topological system, S* - defected elementary system of M type, M - "male" topological system, S - "male, elementary systems. So in case of matrix of interactions defined by (Eq. 5. 105), confluence of elementary systems according to (Eq. 5. 108) causes a development of the topological system of M type, which being in development, starts a generation of defected elementary systems. As soon as the system development approaches the finish, the generation of the defected systems is changed for the generation of normal elementary systems S i. e. M type. The evolution of the initial system of K.

Google Scholar

[0] 0 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [1] [1] 1 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] [2] 2 2 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] [9] [3] 3.

Google Scholar

[4] [4] 4.

Google Scholar

[4] [4] 4 4 4 4 4 4.

Google Scholar

[11] 11 11.

Google Scholar

[10] 10.

Google Scholar

[0] 0 0.

Google Scholar

[3] [3] 8 8 8 8.

Google Scholar

[14] [14] 14.

Google Scholar

[15] [15] 15 3.

Google Scholar

[3] [3] [6] 6 6 6.

Google Scholar

[6] 6 Fig. 5. 23. Chain reproduction of topological system of the F type. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{4}{3}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 4)}{3}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2) (\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 4)}{(A1, 8)(\A1, 3)}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 4)} {(A1, 8)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 14)(\A1, 0)}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 4)}{(A1, 8)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 14)(\A1, 0)} {(A1, 15)(\A1, 0)}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 4)}{(A1, 8)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 14)(\A1, 0)} {(A1, 3)(\A1, 0)}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 0)} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 4)}{(A1, 8)(\A1, 3)}{0}{(A1, 3) (\A1, 0)}{(A1, 4) (\A1, 0)} � .. � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6)(A1\A2, 9)(\A1, 4)}{8}{14}{15}{0} � � {(A1, 2) (\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6) (A1\A2, 11) (\A1, 4)}{8}{14}{3}{4} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} {(A2, 6) (A1\A2, 11)(\A1, 4)} {8}{0}{3}{4} � . � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6)(A311), (A1\A2\A3, 10) (\A1, 4)}{8}{14}{15}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1){(A2, 6)(A3, 11)(A1\A2\A3, 10) (\A1, 4)}{8}{0}{3}{4� � {0}{(A1, 3) (\A1, 0)}{(A1, 4) (\A1, 0)} {0}. (5. 112) An evolution according to (Eq. 5. 112) occurs as follows. The initial system G.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] 0 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [1] [1] 1 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] [2] 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] [2] 2.

Google Scholar

[2] 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] [9] [5] 5.

Google Scholar

[12] 12.

Google Scholar

[7] [7] [7] [7] [1] 1.

Google Scholar

[12] [7] 7.

Google Scholar

[11] 11 11.

Google Scholar

[10] 10.

Google Scholar

[18] 18 18 18 18 18.

Google Scholar

[19] 19 19 19 19 19.

Google Scholar

[20] 20.

Google Scholar

[20] [1] [0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fig. 5. 24. Chain reproduction of topological system of the M type. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{3}{4}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 5)(\A1, 18)}{4}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2) (\A1, 1)}{(A1, 5)(\A1, 18)}{(A1, 7)(\A1, 19)}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 5)(\A1, 18)} {(A1, 7)(\A1, 19)}{(A1, 12)(\A1, 20)}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 5)(\A1, 18)}{(A1, 7) (\A1, 19)}{0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} � .. � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 5)(A1\A2, 9)(\A1, 18)}{(A1, 7) (\A1, 19)}{(A1, 12)(\A1, 20)}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 5)(A1\A2, 11)(\A1, 18)}{(A1, 7) (\A1, 19)}{0}{(A1, 2) (\A1, 1)} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 5)(A3, 11)(A1\A2\A3, 10)(\A1, 18)}{(A1, 7) (\A1, 19)}{(A1, 12)(\A1, 20)}{0} {0}� {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 5)(A3, 11)(A1\A2\A3, 10)(\A1, 18)} {(A1, 7)(\A1, 19)}{0}{(A1, 2) (\A1, 1) � . (5. 116) An evolution according to (Eq. 5. 116) proceeds in the following way. After the confluence of elementary systems S and K according to (Eq. 5. 108) the initial system G arises. The interactions 2325; 5457; 7, 0, 7, 12 causes an appearance of figure A1 on the second, third and fourth planes with parameters 5, 7, 12 respectively. Owing to 12, 0, 0, 2 and 20, 0, 0, 1 a figure on the fourth plane disappears and arises on the fifth plane with parameter 2. The supplementary part of plane the \A1 obtains the parameter 1, while the fourth plane - a parameter 0, i. e. becomes a medium plane and separates the system S from the developing topological system. At this moment of time the nondeteriorate generation of elementary systems S begins. The development of the system continues. Owing to 5, 18, 9, 18* a figure A1 on the second plane diminishes to A2 and the ring with parameter 9 arises around of figure A1 and owing to 7, 9, 7, 11 a parameter 9 is changed to parameter 11. However, after stopping of the interaction 5, 18, 9, 18*, there parameters 5 and 11 go into contact. The interaction 5, 11, 5, 10 occurs and a ring with parameter 10 appears around the figure A2. In short, the evolution by (Eq. 5. 116) may be described as follows S � K � G � M � {S : i = 1, 2, .. }. (5. 117) i. e. the developing system of type M0 begins an infinite generation of elementary systems of the first type. An evolution of initial systems according to (Eq. 5. 109) occurs in the following manner (Fig. 5. 25). Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher).

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [0] 0 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [1] [1] 1 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] [2] 2 2 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] [9] [3] 3.

Google Scholar

[4] [4] 4.

Google Scholar

[4] [4] 11 11 11.

Google Scholar

[10] 10.

Google Scholar

[8] 8 8 8 8 8.

Google Scholar

[14] 14 14.

Google Scholar

[15] 15 15.

Google Scholar

[3] [6] 6 6 6 6 6.

Google Scholar

[13] 13 13 13 13 13 Fig. 5. 25. Chain reproduction of topological system of the F type. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{4}{3}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 13)}{3}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2) (\A1, 1)} {(A1, 6)(\A1, 13)}{8}{0}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 13)}{8}{14}{0}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 13)}{8}{14}{15}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6){(\A1, 13)} {8}{14}{3}{3}{4} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 13)}{8}{0}{3}{4} � �.. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} {(A2, 6)(A1\A2, 9)(\A1, 13)}{8}{14}{15}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6) (A1, \A2, 11)(\A1, 13)}{8}{0}{3}{4}� � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6)(A3, 11)(A1\A2\A3, 10) (\A1, 13)}{8}{14}{15}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6)(A3, 11)(A1\A2\A3, 10)(\A1, 13)} {8}{0}{3}{4} � . (5. 118) According to (Eq. 5. 118) the following sequence of processes takes place. After the confluence of elementary systems according to (4. 108) 2426 and 1, 4, 1, 13 start to act and the supplementary part of the second plane obtains a parameter 13 and a figure A1 with parameter 6. Owing to interaction 6368 and 13, 3, 13, 8 the third plane changes its parameter 3 by parameter 8. The interactions 8, 0, 8, 14 and 14, 0, 14, 15 start and cause a changing of parameters of the fourth and fifth planes by parameters.

Google Scholar

[14] and 11 respectively. Owing to 15, 0, 3, 4 the fifth plane obtains a parameter 3, the sixth - parameter 4. But there is an interaction 3, 14, 3, 0 and the fourth plane obtains a parameter 0 and becomes a medium plane. It separates the elementary system K from the developing topological system. The infinite generation of the system K begins. Owing to 6, 13, 9, 13* diminishing of the A1 to figure A2 starts, and the ring with parameter 9 arises around them. However 9, 8, 11, 8, the ring obtains a parameter 11. Owing to 11, 6, 10, 6* the extending of figure A2 begins and a ring with parameter 10 appears around the figure A2. In short, an evolution according (Eq. 5. 118) may be described in this manner S � K.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4092/fig-3

Google Scholar

[5] 10, 6, 11, 6 * 10, 10, 10, 1.

Google Scholar

11, 0, 11, 8 11, 5, 11.

Google Scholar

[5] 11, 6, 11, 6 11, 8, 11.

Google Scholar

[8] 11, 10, 11, 1.

Google Scholar

12, 0, 12, 14 12, 1, 12, 1 12, 3, 12, 14 13, 0, 13, 14 13, 2, 13, 2 13, 3, 13, 14 14, 0, 14, 15 14, 3, 0, 3 15, 0, 3, 4 16, 0, 16, 14 16, 2, 17, 2 17, 0, 17, 14 18, 0, 18, 14 0, 11, 8, 11 0, 12, 14, 12 0, 13, 14, 13 0, 14, 15, 14 0, 15, 4, 3 0, 16, 14, 16 0, 17, 14, 17 0, 18, 14, 18 1, 12, 1, 12 2, 13, 2, 13 2, 14, 2, 17 3, 12, 14, 12 3, 13, 14, 13 3, 14, 3, 0 5, 11, 5, 11 6, 11, 6, 11 8, 11, 8, 11 10, 11, 10, 11 11, 11, 11, 11 12, 12, 12, 12 12, 13, 12, 16* 12, 14, 12, 14 12, 16, 12, 16 12, 17, 12, 17 12, 18, 12, 18 13, 12, 16*, 12 13, 13, 13, 13 13, 14, 13, 14 13, 17, 13, 18* 13, 18, 13, 18 14, 12, 14, 12 14, 13, 14, 13 14, 14, 14, 14 14, 15, 14, 15 14, 16, 14, 16 14, 17, 14, 17 14, 18, 14, 18 15, 14, 15, 14 15, 15, 15, 15 16, 12, 16, 12 16, 14, 16, 14 16, 16, 16, 16 17, 12, 17, 12 17, 13, 18, 13* 17, 14, 17, 14 17, 17, 17, 17 17, 18, 17, 18 18, 12, 18, 12 18, 13, 18, 13 18, 14, 18, 14 18, 17, 18, 17 18, 18, 18, 18 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) An evolution of the initial (Eq 5. 108) system of the M type is performed in the following way (Fig. 5. 26): {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{3}{4}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 5)}{4}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)} {(A1, 6) (\A1, 5)}{(A1, 8)(\A1, 7)}{0}� {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 6)(\A1, 5)}{0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}� {(A1, 2) (\A1, 1)} {(A2, 6)(A1\A2, 9)(\A1, 5)}{(A1, 8)(\A1, 7)}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6) (A1\A2, 10)(\A1, 5)}{0}{(A1, 2) (\A1, 1) � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6)(A3, 10)(A1\A2\A3, 11) (\A1, 5)}{(A1, 8)(\A1, 7)}{0} � � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 6)(A3, 10)(A1\A2\A3, 11)(\A1, 5)}{0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}� (5. 122).

Google Scholar

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1] 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[10] [0] [0] 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] 0.

Google Scholar

0 0 0 0 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [0] 0 0 0.

Google Scholar

[2] [2] [2] 2 2.

Google Scholar

[2] 2 2 2 2 2.

Google Scholar

[5] 55.

Google Scholar

[55] [5] 66 6 6 6 6.

Google Scholar

[7] 7 7.

Google Scholar

[9] 10 10 10.

Google Scholar

[11] 11.

Google Scholar

[8] 8 8 .. .. Fig. 5. 26. Chain reproduction of the topological system of the M type in the optimised topological space. According to (Eq. 5. 121) the following evolution starts. After the confluence of two dissimilar systems into the initial system (Eq. 5. 108), the interactions 2326, 6468 continue on and cause the appearance of figure A1 with parameters 6 and 8 on the second and third planes respectively. Owing to 7001 and 8002 the third plane obtains a parameter 0 and separates the fourth plane the developing topological system. There is an elementary system of the M type on this plane. At the time a generation of elementary structures starts. Owing to 6595* a diminishing of figure A1 to figure A2 on the second plane begins. A ring with parameter 9 appears there. Owing to 9, 2, 9, 10 the ring obtains a parameter 10. When the interaction 6595* stops, a parameter 10 comes into contact with parameter 6. Owing to 6, 10, 6, 11 the ring arises around the figure A2 with parameter 11. Thus we may characterise the evolution according to (Eq. 5. 122) in the following short way, as in (Eq. 5. 123). Now, let us assume that the initial system is composed by (Eq. 5. 119). In this case an evolution occurs as follows (Fig. 5. 27): Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher).

Google Scholar

[1] [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] [0] 2.

Google Scholar

[2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [4] 4.

Google Scholar

[3] 3 3.

Google Scholar

[14] 14 14.

Google Scholar

[15] 15 15.

Google Scholar

[12] 12 12 12 12.

Google Scholar

[12] [13] 13 13.

Google Scholar

[13] 13.

Google Scholar

[13] [16] [16] 16.

Google Scholar

[17] 17 17 Fig. 5. 27. Chain reproduction of topological system of the F type in the optimised topological space. {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{4}{3}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 13)(\A1, 12)}{3}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2) (\A1, 1)}{(A1, 13)(\A1, 12)}{14}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 13)(\A1, 12)}{14}{15}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 13)(\A1, 12)}{14}{3}{4} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 13)(\A1, 12)}{0}{3}{4} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 13)(A1\A2, 16)(\A1, 12)}{14}{15}{0}� {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 13) (A1\A2, 17) (\A1, 12)}{0}{3}{4} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 13)(A3, 17)(A1\A2\A3, 18) (\A1, 12)} 4}{15}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 13)(A3, 17)(A1\A2\A3, 18)(\A1, 12)} {0}{3} {4} � (5. 123) According to (Eq. 5. 120) the following processes take place. After the confluence of elementary systems to the initial system (Eq. 5. 119) the interactions 1, 4, 1, 12 and 2, 4, 2, 13 cause the arising of figure A1 with parameter 13 on the second plane. The supplementary part of this plane obtains the parameter 12. Owing to 12, 3, 12, 14 and 13, 3, 13, 14 the parameter 3 of the third plane is changed into parameter 14. The interaction 14, 0, 14, 15 causes changing of parameter 0 into parameter 15 on the fourth plane, when owing to 15, 0, 3, 4 this plane obtains a parameter 3, and fifth plane - a parameter 4. Owing to 3, 14, 3, 0 the third plane becomes medium plane with parameter 0 and separates the fourth and fifth planes off developing system. It is obvious that these planes represent an elementary system of the F type. The infinite generation of such systems begins there. At the time, 12, 13, 12, 16* causes a shrinking of figure A1 on the second plane to the figure A2. The ring arises with parameter 16. Owing to 16, 2, 17, 2 its parameter is changed by parameter 17. As soon as the interaction 12, 13, 12, 16* stops, the parameter 17 comes into contact with parameter 13, and interaction 13, 17, 13, 18* begins. The ring appears around the figure A2 with parameter 18. Thus, an evolution according to (Eq. 5. 123) brings the result (Eq. 5. 119). So we have a development of the topological systems of the male" M and "female, F type, which are in the developing process, and after their finish they generate the elementary systems S and K of the M and F type respectively. It is natural that by a random contact of these systems the confluence followed by the development occurs, and new sequences of elementary systems are to be generated. Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) As far as (Eq. 5. 108) and (Eq. 5. 109) have equal probability, the number of developing system of the M and F type have a statistical equality. No doubt the reader has already discovered a wonderful analogy between a chain reproduction of topological systems and bisexual reproduction of living beings. More detailed examination of the known cases of reproduction shows us, that separating of the elementary systems is caused by the following minimum matrix of interactions (Matrix 5. 124) between an object’s plane and two planes of medium (Fig. 5. 28). Matrix 5. 124. 0000 0101 0232 1011 1111 1212 2023 2121 2222.

Google Scholar

[2] [3] [4] [0] 0 0.

Google Scholar

[0] [0] [1] 1 1 Fig. 5. 28. Breaking-off of elementary system. The evolution occurs as follows: {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{(A1, 3)(\A1, 0)}{0} � {(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0}{(A1, 3)(\A1, 0)}. (5. 125) The realisation of (Matrix 5. 124) exists in the physical world. Let us assume that in figure (Fig. 5. 28) there are: 2 - silicon, obtaining a negative potential; 1 - silicon oxide; 0 - electrolyte including copper salt. The copper 3 will be electroplated on the silicon. If the thickness of the film grows, owing to the weak adhesion of the film with silicon, the film separates and falls into electrolyte under gravitation force. The system will repeat the process. 5. 4. 5. Side Effects of Development. In all cases of reproduction elementary systems exist. The confluence of dissimilar elementary systems (with regard to the asymmetrical forms), is a cause for initial systems of two types. However, a topological space where the development and reproduction ocure, can contain a lot of topological systems of the first M and second F type, the elementary dissimilar systems S and either K or K.

Google Scholar

[1] [0] [3] [8] 8.

Google Scholar

[3] [4] [3] [1] Fig. 5. 29. Stationary initial system. However, this initial system obtains all the properties of K . Thus, if the confluence with an elementary system S occurs in the manner: S � G � G , (5. 128) the system will begin to develop. Let us assume that an elementary system S comes into contact with the developed system by matrix (Matrix 5. 77): S � O = G1. (5. 129) The following evolution takes place (Fig. 5. 30).

Google Scholar

[3] [3] 3.

Google Scholar

[3] 3 3.

Google Scholar

[4] [4] 4.

Google Scholar

[4] 4 4.

Google Scholar

[2] 2 2.

Google Scholar

[5] 5 5.

Google Scholar

[1] 1 1.

Google Scholar

[6] 6 6.

Google Scholar

[7] 7 7.

Google Scholar

[7] Fig. 5. 30. Forming of “twins”. {(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}{(A2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2, 7)(\A1, 3)} � {(A2, 4)(A1\A2, 6) (\A1, 3)}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2, 7)(\A1, 3)} � {(A2, 4)(A3, 6) (A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)(}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}, (5. 130) i. e. after confluence of the elementary system S with topological system O interaction 4565 occurs and a ring with parameter 6 appears around the figure A2 with parameter 4 on the first plane. But owing to 24647* the ring with parameter 7 arises around the figure A2. So, new topological system has two planes - the first and the third, which topology represents a topology of a bipolar transistor. Thus, we have “twins” of the bipolar transistor. Now assuming that the elementary system S comes into contact with the bottom of system O: S � O.

Google Scholar

[1] [3] [3] 3.

Google Scholar

[4] [3] [1] [4] [4] [4] [7] [6] [7] [5] [2] [5] [2] Fig. 5. 31. Destruction of topological system caused by external intervention. {(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)} � {(A2, 2) (A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A1\A2, 7)(\A1, 3)}{(A1, 4)(\A1, 3)}. (5. 132) After confluence of the elementary system S with topological system O.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107604

Google Scholar

[4] [1] [1] 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [2] 2.

Google Scholar

[4] 4 Fig. 5. 32. Destruction of external intervened system. {8}{1}{3}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)} � {(8}{1}{(A2, 4) (\A2, 3)}{(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3 ), (5. 134) i. e. owing to interaction 2324 a figure A2 appears with parameter 4 on the third plane - we see the “immunity” of the system. Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) When a confluence occurs by the equation K0.

DOI: 10.31030/3129424

Google Scholar

[4] [4] [4] [4] [4] [4] 4.

Google Scholar

[4] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [6] [7] 7.

Google Scholar

[5] [5] [5] [5] [5] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] 2.

Google Scholar

[9] [9] 9.

Google Scholar

[8] [8] [8] [3] [3] [3] [3] [3] [3] [3] [3] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] 1.

Google Scholar

[1] [1] [0] [7] 7.

Google Scholar

[7] 7 Fig. 5. 33. Reproduction of mutant. {(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}{8}{1}{3} � {(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5) (\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)}{(A2, 9)(\A2, 8)}{1}{3} � {(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)} {(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}{(A2, 9)(\A2, 8)}{(A2, 2)(\A2, 1)}{3} � {(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5) (\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}{(A2, 9)(\A2, 8)}{(A2, 2)(\A2, 1)}{(A2, 4)(\A2, 3)}� � {(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}{9}{(A2, 5)(\A2, 2)}{(A2, 6)(\A2, 4)} � � {(A2, 2)(A1\A2, 5)(\A1, 1)}{(A2, 4)(A3, 6)(A1\A2\A3, 7)(\A1, 3)}{0} {(A2, 5)(\A2, 2)} {(A2, 7)(\A2, 4)} . (5. 137) According to (Eq. 5. 137) owing to the interactions 4849, 9192, 2324 a figure A2 from the second plane transfers to the third, fourth and fifth planes. The system {(A2, 5)(\A2, 2)(A2, 7)(\A2, 4)} separates topological system. But this system is not equal to the system {8}{1}{3}. We have a mutant of such elementary system. Knowing that a lot of different confluence of different systems may occur, we can have a lot of resulting systems on distinct matrix of interactions. The examined cases demonstrate us the following possibilities: 1. The system remains equilibrium in addition to the elementary system. The system preserves functioning ability. 2. The system destructs an elementary system or destructs and breaks them off. 3. An evolution of system occurs and causes destruction (death) of the system itself. Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) So it is correct to state that a reproduction of systems proceeds only in a chain manner, in which probability of a causing the death contact of elementary or developing systems does not prevent a reproduction. 5. 5. Initiation of Elementary System “ .. examining of structures’ initiation is the main subject of the scientific cognition. ” [109]. V. Ebeling As we have already learnt that the random contact of two elementary systems may cause a loss of equilibrium and start development of topological systems, either M or F type, that generates analogous elementary systems. The question arises: is there a possibility of such an elementary system arising in a single parametric plane of medium? If there is, what circumstances cause this process? There are two problems. First, we may answer the question: how can the requested parameter arise on the plane system? The second question is how a desirable figure can appear on the singleparametric plane? Let us focus on the interactions in Part 3. The plane with parameter {pi} can obtain a parameter pj if the interaction I = {pi pi pi pj} (5. 138) exists. If a parameter pi with some parameter of material is juxtaposed, the realisation of such an interaction does not make any sense. However, a medium may be complex and obtain a parameter P = {(pi) : i �N}. (5. 139) An interaction of parameters of such plane causes an oscillatory evolution. The Zhabotinsky reaction in the ambient, containing some interacting materials in chaotic state is well known. So we have an interaction analogous to (Eq. 5. 138), though we know only reaction pi pi pi pi . The probability of (Eq. 5. 138) might be near 1, and there, the rise of a single-parametric plane may occur: .. {p}{p}{p}.. � {p}{pi}{p}. (5. 140) The possibility of arising of elementary system K obtaining several planes is smaller, but not to zero. The initiation of elementary structure S can occur in the case when several points of plane change spontaneously their parameter. An analogous process is known in nature. I mean the radioactivity, i. e. a cleaving of nucleus causing a change of the material. We can have this kind of an equation: I = {pi (Mi), pi (Mi), pj (Mi), pj (Mi)}. (5. 141) Let us assume that with negligible probability the (Eq. 5. 141) process has occurred with 5 points of the plane, and that the matrix of interaction of a new parameter and parameter of supplementary plane is as follows (Matrix 5. 142): Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Matrix 5. 142. 0000 0101 0202 1010 1112 1222* 2020 2122* 2222 Then an evolution occurs (Fig. 5. 34).

Google Scholar

[1] 1 1 1.

Google Scholar

[2] Fig. 5. 34. Initiation of elementary system. {0}{1}{0} � {0}{(M1, 2)(M2, 2)(M3, 2)(M4, 2)(M5, 2)(\M1\M2\M3\M4\M5, 1)}{0} � {0}{(A1, 2)(\A1, 1)}{0} � {0}{(A2, 2)(\A2, 1)}{0}. (5. 143) Thus, the elementary structures S and K may be initiated in the medium of distinct constitution. It is important to note that the matrix of interactions must contain an interacting combination of parameters in diagonal. Such elementary systems can contact, confluence, the development of the initial structure followed by the generation of initial structures can occur. Having discovered this we are able to answer the eternal question: which of them was the first - an egg or a chicken? The correct answer is: an egg.

Google Scholar