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An n-type drift layer (nitrogen [N] ≈ 1 × 1016 cm−3; 10 μm thick) was grown epitaxially and a p-type layer (aluminum [Al] ≈ 3 × 1020 cm−3; 1 μm thick) was implanted on the substrate.
(a) EL image of the p-i-n diode, with red arrows indicating the direction of applied stress.
(a) EL image of p-i-n diode with red arrows indicating the direction of applied stress.
(a) EL image of p-i-n diode with red arrows indicating the direction of applied stress.
(a) EL image of p-i-n diode with red arrows indicating the direction of applied stress.

The occurrence of such high strain rates of the order of ~ 200 s-1 calculated using Eq. 2 given by Chang et al [5] could enhance the dislocation density inside the processing zone.
Some other studies [3-4,6] also indicate 50-60% improvement in hardness for Mg and Al alloys, therefore, it may be concluded that improvement in hardness of the steel is significant and promising.
This kind of response could be attributed to the low stacking fault energy of the steel in comparison to Mg and Al.
El-Danaf, M.
El-Rayes, and M.

., Blake et al,.
Vol.133 (2003), p.1060–1063. ,[] Williams C.M, Francisknapper J.A, Weebb D, et al.
Recent study shows that daily consumption of 10 mL or more of Macadamia integrifoblia oil can reduce the risk of diarrhoeal diseases by 10%, but directly consumable would lead to a poor taste[] Curb J.D, Wergowske G, Dobbs C, et al.
Tween-80, Ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil (RH-40), Polyoxyethylene castor oil (EL-40) were used as surfactant; anhydrous ethanol, propylene glycol, 1, 3-butanediol as cosurfactant, myristic acid isopropyl ester (IPM), olive oil, liquid paraffin, wheat germ oil and ethyl acetate as oil phase.
Macadamia integrifolia oil O/W nanoemulsions are gained using Tween-80 and EL-40 as surfactant, anhydrous ethanol as cosurfactant, olive oil and wheat germ oil as oil phase.

Y.Ruangtaweep et al., [3] studied on glass fabrication on RHA doped with CoO.
Doweidar et al. [4], studied on glass production from straw and husk ashes.
Kaewkhao et al. [5] studied on glass prepared from the rice husk ash (RHA) with different PbO concentrations by melt-quenching technique.
El-Damrawi, K.
El-Egili, Y.M.

The predicted R2 values of UTS, YTS and EL are 92.34%, 90.81% and 88.87% respectively, with the average accuracy 90.67%.
[5] Tong Z, Wang L, Zhu G, et al.
[6] Lu S, Zhou Q, Ouyang Y, et al.
[7] Wang C, Fu H, Jiang L, et al.
[8] Mi X X, Tian L J, Tang A T, et al.

Following AFRP, CFRP and GFRP provides better performance when compared with LCS and Al 6061 T6 based on MSS value.
Similarly, metallic pressure vessels LCS and Al 6061 T6 are also analyzed.
Conclusion The FE analysis of AFRP, CFRP, GFRP composites along with LCS and Al 6061 T6 metallic pressure vessels are carried out in the present study.
El-Sayed, A.
El-Butch, and S.

Experimental procedures A HIPed bar of PM FGH4096 alloy with diameter of 30mm was studied, and chemical compositions as follows (mass fraction in %): C, 0.02-0.05; Al, 2.0-2.4;W, 3.8-4.2;Nb, 0.6-1.0;Mo, 3.8-4.2;Ti, 3.5-3.9;Cr, 15.5-16.5;Co, 12.5-13.5; Fe,< 0.5;B, 0.006-0.015;Mn, <0.15;Zr, 0.025-0.05;Si, <0.20;P,< 0.015;S, < 0.015;H, <0.001; N,< 0.005;O,< 0.007; and Ni balance．
Table 1 also shows that the alloy upseted and heat treated has %EL and RA values well above those specified for wrought material, while the strength are comparable to those of HIP + heat treated alloy.
Table 1 Room-temperature tensile properties of FGH4096 alloy Processing conditions 0.2%YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL %RA HIPed and heat treated 1200 1550 18.0 18.0 Upseted and heat treated 1220 1560 19.0 32.5 Ultrafine-grained treated and heat treated 1470 1730 15.0 23.5 The 750℃ tensile properties of the FGH4096 alloy under different conditions were given in Table 2.
It can be seen from the table that the YS and UTS of alloy multiple forged and heat treated higher than the values of HIPed and heat treated alloy (by about 10% and9%, respectively), while the % EL and % RA were substantially high(by about 220% and 163% , respectively).
Table 2 750℃ tensile properties of FGH4096 alloy Processing conditions 0.2%YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL %RA HIPed and heat treated 1040 1200 5.0 8.0 Upseted and heat treated 1120 1320 7.5 14.0 Ultrafine-grained treatment and heat treated 1140 1310 16.0 21.0 3.3 Fractography The fractured surfaces of the alloy processed under different conditions were examined to correlate the fracture characteristics with the structure and properties.

Therefore, many Ca-containing Mg-Al based heat-resistant alloy systems such as Mg-Al-Zn-Ca [2], Mg-Al-Ca [3] and Mg-Zn-Al-Ca-RE [4] have been developed.
The absence of Ca-related intermetallic compounds in the ZE41-Ca alloys, which are frequently found in Mg or Mg-Al based alloys, is noteworthy.
Fig. 7 represents the changes in yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation to fracture (El.) at RT, 175, 250 and 300 o C with Ca content in the ZE41-Ca alloys.
It is observed that YS of the ZE41-Ca alloys increases continuously with increasing Ca content at all temperatures, while El.
From the previous report by Wenwen et al. [5] that the Ca addition into Mg-Al based alloys results in higher thermal stability of β (Mg17Al12) phase, however, Ca may also be beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the Mg7Zn3-(RE) phase in the ZE41 alloy.

Efficiency Comparison of some Natural Products on Corrosion Inhibition of Al-Mg-Si Alloy R.
The inhibition effects of vanillin on the corrosion of steel in HCl and H2SO4 solutions were investigated by Li et al. [8, 9], Emregul, Hayvali [10] and Ita [11], meanwhile Et-Etre [12] studied the effect of vanillin against acid corrosion of Al.
Similar results have been reported in the literature for the corrosion of Al in aggressive media [2, 15, 16].
Maayta and N.A.F Al-Rawashdeh: Corros.
El Rehim, H.H.

Artzner et al. (1999) firstly introduced the concept of coherent risk measure, by proposing four basic properties to be satisfied by every sound financial risk measure.
However, the cash additive axiom has been criticized from an economic viewpoint.Cash additivity fails as soon as there is any form of uncertainty about interest rates.For this reason EL Karoui and Ravanelli (2009) suggest to replace cash additivity with cash subadditivity.
The multivariate analogue of the Value-at-Risk discussed by Embrechts and Puccetti (2006) is based on set-valued quantiles of the multivariate cumulative distribution function.Jouini et al.(2004) and Kulikov (2008) defined multidimensional risk measures as set-valued functional,and they proved the corresponding representation results.
EL Karoui and Ravanelli (2009) replaced cash additivity with cash subadditivity, named cash subadditivity risk measure.
[4]EL Karoui N, Ravanelli C.