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Introduction The body-in-white (BIW) structural parts and panels, and in particular the materials used in its construction, offer the greatest possibilities in terms of weight reduction and determine the behavior of the car in the event of collisions.
The stress drop was observed and the magnitude appeared is increased with decreasing the pulse period when the Fig. 4 Joule heat induced temperature (FEM calculation) and flow stress reduction (experiment [8]) pulse duration is constant, as shown in Fig. 3(a) and 3(c).
As is evident from this data, the flow stress reductions during electro-pulsing tensile tests are beyond that of the elevated temperature tensile tests.

The first part is to make the bed temperature were stable at 785℃,800℃,805℃ and 815℃, keeping other relevant data such as the amount of limestone, bed pressure, load, oxygen and other conditions do not change, the acquisition of N2O and SO2 emission concentration.
Although CaO for CO and H have catalytic reduction of NO, the impact of the latter is less than the former, so the increase in the amount of limestone, NO emissions increased.
In the test, with the increase in the amount of limestone, and the concentration of SO2 emission reduction, the concentration of NO emission increase.
Comparative Study on N2O Emission Reduction Technologies for Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers[J].

With respect to fatigue property of the MAO coated alloys; majority of the reported results indicated the reduction in the fatigue properties due to the preferential initiation of fatigue cracks through the pores existing in the coating [4].
This indicated a reduction in icorr of the base metal by an order of magnitude as a result of 25μm MAO alumina coating on this alloy.
The SSRT data such as UTS, %El. and SCC index (SI) measured from the plots are summarized in the table given below.
An examination of the stress-strain plots showed that there is significant reduction in elongation for both coated and uncoated AA7020 alloy in air and 3.5% NaCl.

The degree of shielding is expressed as decibels (dB) of reduction in strength of the electromagnetic field.
The EMI shielding effectiveness and relative permittivity data of CCP and CP composites were measured by micro strip method using a HP network analyzer (HP 8020) in 0.3-6 GHz.
CCP composites show the very little reduction in S11 values after carbonization.
This phenomenon is considered reduction of electric resistivity which affects the S11 value in lower frequencies area (below 2.5 GHz).

It can be concluded that the reduction in beam rigidity will cause the reduction in the first three natural vibration frequency and lengthen the natural period of viberation.
In all the response of displacement and internal force above mentioned, the maximum data can be extracted to be shown in Table 2.
Some conclusions are be drawn as follows: 1) For the whole pile-soil-bridge structure , the rigidity reduction in beam will reduce the first three natural vibration frequency and lengthen the natural period of viberation.

Opposite, a decreasing of the EPR signal intensity and an analogous increase of the 500 nm absorption band of approximately 5 and 10 times has been observed after reduction treatments at 1273 K of 45 and 90 minutes, respectively.
For the lightly doped sample, the low EPR signal completely disappeared after reduction at 1273 K, suggesting a complete Fe 3+ � Fe 2+ transformation.
The same effect has been observed in the reduced samples, more evident for longer reduction treatment.
Optical absorption measurements, performed at the same temperature before and after UV irradiation of the samples, well supported the EPR data. 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 -4 0 4 8 before UV during UV after UV after UV during UV before UV Derivative EPR Signals (arb. units) B (mT) Fig. 1 - EPR spectra at 77K (B // c) of the as grown LN:Fe 0.1% molar crystal before, during and after UV irradiation. 0 100 200 300 400 -1 0 1 2 3 2 1 3 21 3 2 1 before UV (1) during UV (2) after UV (3) Derivative EPR Signals (arb. units) B (mT) Fig. 2 - EPR spectra at 77K (B // c) of the 90 minutes reduced at 1273 K LN:Fe 0.1% molar crystal before, during and after UV irradiation.

However, all the experimental data and theoretical considerations refer to elements or congruently melting compounds.
Since only part of the atoms change from the solid into the liquid state during peritectic melting, the latent heat is substantially smaller and therefore the reduction in the melting temperature higher than for congruent melting.
However, grain growth during slow heating in DSC prevents such a large reduction of the peritectic melting temperature.
Grain growth is hardly possible for rapid local heating during MM and consequently a reduction in the peritectic melting temperature is expected to be significantly larger.

Tempering the samples however resulted in reduction of impact toughness values as there are phase transformation to martensitic structure occurred after heat treatment process.
It was also observed that increment of tempering temperature resulted in further reduction of impact toughness properties as the lowest impact toughness value was obtained by TDI(700) samples.
Figure 3: Hardness values for all samples Figure 4: Impact toughness for all samples Conclusions · Tempering process had resulted in phase transformation to martensite structure from ferrite and pearlite structures in as cast samples · Martensitic structure are favourable to hardness properties and increment of tempering temperature resulted in improvement of hardness properties · In contrast, tempering the samples has resulted in reduction of impact toughness values and gradual decrement was obtained with increment of tempering temperature.
References [1] Ductile Iron Data, 1992, available on www.ductile.org/didata/Section2/2intro.htm [2] E.

Commercial powder boron carbide is mainly made ​​by reacting Carbon with Boron Oxide (B2O3) in the electric furnace, through the carbothermal reduction or through gas phase reactions.
Alizaded et al. reported the synthesis of boron carbide by carbothermal reduction method have been used commercially pure raw material, boric acid as a source of boron and activated carbon is used as a source of C that serves as a reductant.
The reaction between boric acid and carbon can be written as follows[3]: 4H3BO3 + 7C→ B4C + 6CO + 6 H2O (1) 4H3BO3→ 2B2O3 + 6H2O (2) B2O3 + 3CO → 2B + 3CO2 (3) 4B + C → B4C (4) Another alternative method in the synthesis of boron carbide is the magnetothermic reduction of boron oxide and carbon as the following equation. 2B2O3 + 6Mg + C → B4C + 6MgO (5) This reaction takes place in exo-thermic and performed in the furnace using carbon tube and flowing hydrogen gas.
Formation can be explained by the data obtained from the measurement of samples with X-ray diffraction.

According to (4) and Table 1, the fracture conductivity in different experimental conditions can be calculated (Table 2): Table2 The result of fracture conductivity of two cores Psurrounfing（MPa) Fracture conductivity of 1#core Fracture conductivity of 2#core Before S adding After S adding Before S adding Berfore S adding After S adding After Acid adding 2.00 6765.97 1312.67 232.54 15608.67 3126.50 261.13 5.00 1645.73 434.32 191.51 4647.02 1391.84 184.97 10.00 534.95 256.78 116.27 1391.84 765.56 125.13 15.00 320.97 171.18 68.39 659.23 549.11 87.04 10.00 342.37 181.88 82.07 758.33 559.67 92.48 5.00 385.17 235.38 123.11 844.78 696.94 114.25 2.00 641.94 406.56 232.54 1424.79 1119.33 250.25 The analysis of experimental data 4.1 The impact of sulfur deposition on fracture conductivity After adding the sulfur powder to core1# and core2#, the result of tests of conductivity has shown: (1) Fracture conductivity reduces sharply when sulfur
Acid liquor, to some extent, has hindered the flow of injected N2, which results a substantially reduction of permeability measured with gas, it has already lost its meaning through the comparison of fracture conductivity.
In general, reduction coefficient can be used to evaluate the variation of fracture conductivity after acid corrosion.
When the acid liquor is injected, the value of conductivity becomes inaccuracy, so the concept of conductivity reduction after blocking the fracture is introduced, namely the ratio of the conductivity under initial confining pressure to that under final confining pressure: (5) ,is the conductivity under initial and final confining pressure respectively.