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According to the data in Table 1.5, 33% of the metal and 67% of the silicate melt (the ZEWA process), 26% of the metal and 74% of the silicate melt (the Romelt process), 17% of the metal and 83% of the silicate melt are formed in the smelting products (MAGMA process).
Due to this disintegrated slag will be mainly formed from the belite phase after ferric oxides reduction.
The formation of Portland cement clinker phases containing iron oxide in slags of metallurgical production is possible in several ways: - Partial reduction of iron oxides during the melting; - Addition to the slag of an additive with a high content of iron oxides after complete reduction of iron oxides; - Pig iron purging with oxygen after complete reduction of iron oxides; - Production of clinker semi-product in an electric arc furnace and then bringing it to the level of Portland clinker in rotary kilns.
Chertov, Complex processing of liquid steelmaking slags with reduction of iron and production of high-quality commercial products
Parshin, Complex processing of liquid steelmaking slags with reduction of iron and production of high-quality commercial products.

The water consumption is important for autogenous shrinkage because it implies a reduction of volume.
Despite this, Fig. 6 shows a consistent reduction of compressive strength results due to the use of SRA.
The lowest strength reduction was obtained for SRA S, followed by SRA G, and finally SRA B.
However, the values obtained in this study generally indicate a small reduction of chemical shrinkage when using these polymers, mainly at early age.
Gonçalves: Effectiveness of shrinkage reduction admixtures on different concrete mixtures.

The model successfully describes the main features for asphalt mixture and shows good agreement with test data within the considered stress range.
For the determination of nonlinear viscoelastic parameter g1, a data-reduction method was presented by Zaoutsos et al. [4].
The value of the stress shift factor aσ is numerically determined by fitting all the recovery data.
To verify the validity of the material model, the model is used to simulate the total strain response of asphalt mixture specimen in creep tests performed at different stress levels, which is compared to the experimental data in Fig. 5.
Comparison of model prediction and experimental data.

However, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) data clearly show that few ordered nanocrystals remain in the deformed state.
Anyway, these data indicate that the ordered L10 phase was not fully disordered during the HPT process and that a few ordered crystalline grains remain.
Similar features were observed after aging at lower temperature (down to 400°C, data not shown here).
TEM observations revealed that the mean ordered domain size is about 200 nm after 3h at 500°C (data not shown here).
However, TEM data clearly indicate that a small amount of ordered nanocrystals remain.

Aiming at studying the effect of climate change on water resources, 25 years collected secondary data of both climatic and hydro-meteorological stations were used and Statistical analysis was performed using ORIGIN PRO 8.0 Software.
Fig. 1 Map of Lake Kivu Data Collection and Analysis This study was done based on 25 years collected secondary data of both climatic and hydro-meteorological representative stations.
Fig. 2 Trends in temperature and precipitation anomalies in (a) and (b) respectively from 1980- 2004 Note: Anomalies are obtained by subtracting the long-term mean temperature and precipitation data from observed data.
Wiley, Chichester, p. 248 (1996) [6] Courtenay Cabot Venton: Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Environmental Resources Management, London (2007) [7] WWF-World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund): Climate Change Impacts on East Africa: A Review of the Scientific Literature.

It is considered from that serious reduction in flow length of Mg-1.31wt%Ca alloy is due to cast from large solidification interval.
In the case of binary Mg-Ca alloys, the reduction of flowability is relatively small in the composition between pure Mg and up to Mg-0.56wt%Ca alloys.
On the other hand, significant reduction of cast ability is observed in Mg-alloy with 1.31wt%Ca.
Hence, it is considered that the serious reduction in flow length of Mg alloy with 1.31wt%Ca is due to the large solidification interval.
In order to predict the OCP of as-cast Mg-Ca alloys, OCP data for magnesium matrix in solid solution and Mg2Ca are required, because the OCP of an alloy composed of two different phases depends on the area ratio of the two phases.

Fatigue tests in the environment KOH + H2 showed a significant reduction of ductility, which indicates the presence of hydrogen embrittlement.
However, there are difficulties associated with the lack of data for the NiTi alloy.
Reduction volume of durability of the alloyed compounds tested in the environment, in comparison to the same samples tested in air, in a voltage range = 225-275 MPa on average are: for environment with φ= -0,9 V by 5-6 times; for environment φ = -1.3 V by 8-10 times.
Further studies of the alloyed compounds deformation in KOH environment showed significant reduction of ductility.
At comparatively low voltages the dominant deformation mechanism in an alloyed weld is nondislocation one, which brings to significant reduction of plastic deformation at the partial unloading of the sample.

Key issues are cost reduction; higher power density of the primary energy converter, the fuel cell; wider operation ranges and improvement of operation parameters, e.g. higher operation temperature and starting ability in freezing conditions.
cost reduction, durability, lifetime and power density until 2010.
With regard to the hydrogen storage the target of the DOE in the United States a cost reduction to 6 $/kWh of stored energy at a recoverable hydrogen storage capacity of 4.5 wt% shall be reached by 2007 [4].
In order to enable a significant cost reduction a production process, which allows mass production with short cycle times should be applied.
FE-calculation based on these experimental data show that compressed natural gas vessel should be feasible using this new construction principle.

Modelling and data reduction The mathematical model used in this study was based on the classical elastic-ideally plastic solution that allows the prediction of residual stress state within thick-walled tubes produced by the axisymmetric problem of autofrettage.
An alternative method of analysis that was also used in the present study was based on the data reduction technique described by de Swardt [8].
(5) Subsequent data reduction method consists of fitting a polynomial curve through the experimental data for the term in equation (4).
The interpretation of Xray diffraction data provided information about the residual hoop and radial strain distributions within the specimen.
Finding the precise location of the elastic-plastic boundary directly from diffraction strain data appears to be rather difficult.

The results could provide a strong technical basis for the reduction and recycling-separation of the renewable waste lubricating oil, and also for the energy-saving and emission-reduction.
According to the flow rate and film thickness distribution formula to calculate the liquid film thickness under different feed rate conditions, the liquid film thickness data from the formula is consisted with the actual conditions.