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MTT 〔 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide〕(Sigma, USA) reduction assay was used for survival rate of human gingival fibroblasts.
The weight of artificial dental plaque in the culture of S. mutans Ingbritt Unit : [mg] Herbal extract Concentration(%) Galla Rhois* Psoralea corylifolia* Camellia sinensis* Salvia miltiorrhiza* Platycodon grandiflorum* 0.1 26.75±9.05b 121.28±42.30b 119.73±17.21a 119.82±36.24a 151.15±39.57a 0.4 1.47±1.06c 3.01±1.52c 55.87±9.26b 86.57±16.66b 129.23±16.20a 0.8 1.31±1.16c 2.15±1.58c 3.43±1.39c 74.95±24.38b 202.07±40.53b control 136.52±18.40a 136.52±18.40a 136.52±18.40a 136.52±18.40a 136.52±18.40a Data are expressed as mean±SD (N=9) *: p<0.05, by Kruskal - Wallis test a, b, c: Values with same superscript letter were not statistically significant at each extracts (p=0.05) The MTT reduction assay results on human gingival fibroblasts is shown in Table 2.
MTT reduction assay results on human gingival fibroblasts Unit : [%] Herbal extract Concentration(%) Galla Rhois* Psoralea corylifolia Camellia sinensis Salvia miltiorrhiza* Platycodon grandiflorum 0.0001 97.23±1.66a 98.17±1.46 101.98±1.01 100.66±0.26a 98.81±0.79 0.0002 108.28±0.88b 102.61±1.10 99.5±1.19 102.36±0.27ab 101.05±0.77 0.0004 107.15±1.31b 103.60±1.34 104.32±0.71 104.29±0.49b 101.64±0.66 Control 100.00±1.15a 100.00±1.81 100.00±0.66 100.00±0.59a 100.00±1.46 Data are expressed as mean±SD (N=8) *: p<0.05, by Kruskal - Wallis test a, b, c: Values with same superscript letter were not statistically significant at each extracts (p=0.05) We evaluated in vitro the antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity of the herbal extracts.

According to literature data, aluminium alloys containing up to 8wt%Si have a similar thermal expansion coefficient that stays within the range of 24÷25·10-6 K -1.
Both in the cast and in the coating, a reduction of the number of fine silicon crystals and a thinning and some rounding of large crystal edges were found - Fig. 5.
The cause, which is due to the microstructure of the alloys, is the greater share of the plastic Al(Si) solid solution in the alloy with the lower amount of the Si addition, though the standard data (normally given for multicomponent alloys and based on dilatometric tests) often omit such a detailed differential.
This phenomenon generates stress in the coating/substrate region, which manifests itself in the lack of progress in the separation of the Kα doublet as the coating is soaked, and a reduction in the intensity of reflections from the intermetallic phases.
It is associated with structural changes covering, e.g., changes in the concentrations of components in phases, the quantitative share of particular phases, or a reduction in Al(Si) Si intermetalic phases steel coating the degree of texturing.

However, concerning the medium manganese steels, there are little data of the microstructures formed in various thermomechanical processes and related mechanical properties.
Therefore, the present paper aims to show fundamental data of the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 4Mn-0.1C medium manganese steel.
Cylinder-shaped specimens (8mm in diameter and 12mm in height, or 6mm in diameter and 10mm in height) were austenitized at 800°C for 300 s, and cooled down to 600°C, held for 60s isothermally for homogenizing the temperature of the specimens, and then uniaxially compressed by 60% reduction in height at 600°C and different strain rates of 10-3 s-1 10-1 s-1or 10 s-1.
Figure 4 shows SEM-EBSD maps of the 4Mn-0.1C steel specimens compressed by 60% reduction at 600°C and various strain rates.
Figure 5 shows tensile stress-strain curves of the specimen compressed by 60% reduction at 600°C and 10-3s-1 and the specimen directly-quenched after austenitization.

It is reported that the corrosion of Cu occurs during the DI water rinse step as functions of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of DI water [6].
The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) which is related to DO concentration of DI water was also measured [7].
The EIS data were analyzed by EEC modeling as shown in Figure 2, which includes the porous film on the metal surface.
Figure 2: EEC model used to fit the impedance data acquired from Co surfaces treated with various solutions.
Welander, Influence of dissolved oxygen and oxidation–reduction potential on the denitrification rate of activated sludge, Wat.

As the material previously deformed by ECAE has high deformation values, it will be possible for it to recrystallize at low temperatures and, as a consequence of the grain size reduction, it will be possible to deform this material without generating obtaining cracks in the surface.
Later, with these experimental data, FEM simulations were performed to model the upsetting of the billets.
Once these experimental data were obtained, FEM simulations were carried out.
In Fig. 8 it is possible to see that the micrographs corresponding to N2 forged at 350 ºC and 450 ºC show a high reduction in the initial grain size.
It is possible to upset the billet within the range of temperatures comprised between 350 ºC and 450 ºC without obtaining cracks in the surface, if the starting material is previously processed twice by ECAE as a consequence of the grain size reduction.

Reduction of water to cement will lead to reduction of the micro-porosity in concrete and of the amount of water to be frozen.
Apparently, the reduction of water to cement ratio will also result in the slowing down of the increase in the water saturating level of concrete surface, so that the salt scaling level may be alleviated.
Based on large quantities of test data, we have come to find that addition of compactness admixture to original formula is beneficial.
Statistic data indicate that in two years after their completion, the deterioration degree percentages for concrete road surfaces contacted with deicing salt are respectively 8 % for serious deterioration, 66.6 % for medium and mediocre deterioration, and 25.7 % for light deterioration.

Biodiesel fuel has a higher cetane number, contains oxygen and no aromatics, almost no sulfur, thus leading to reduction in both HC and CO emissions without no obvious NOx emission increase[4-6].
The test bench is illustrated in Fig.1. 1- Tank；2-Fuel Consumption；3-Xinchai 490B diesel engine；4-Couplings；5-Eddy current dynamometer；6- Dynamometer control system；7- Data recording and analysis system；8- Exhaust Analyzer 9- Impervious photometer 10- Combustion Analyzer Fig.1 Diagrammatic sketch of test-bed The engine was operated at 3000 r/min with 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load particularly with the injection timing and the fuel supply system of the engine unchanged.
Fig.2 shows the CO emission data for the engine with the five different fuels.
The reductions for the B80 fuel are 84.2%, 85.3%, 87.6%, 88.4% and 82.2% at the engine loads of 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%.
The reduction for the B80 fuel is up to 88.4%

The reliability data of the test system is given in Table 2.
Reliability data of 33-node test system Components pn[time/year] rn[h] 1-17 0.018 5.0 18-32,CB1,CB2,CB3,CB4,CB5 0.010 3.0 Two cases are presented to illustrate the effects of time varying parameters on the reconfiguration.
In the case 1, due to a relatively large outages risk reduction can be obtained if a reconfiguration implemented at 16:15 and 17:45, therefore two times reconfiguration are needed.
Chin: A New Approach for Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration for Loss Reduction and Service Restoration, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13 (1998), p. 870-875
[9] Baran M E，Wu F R: Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 4 (1989), p: 1401-1407.

Ditz, Ranganathan and Banks(1995) found that potential cost for environmental protection(waste reduction, process improvement, etc.) accounts for about 22% of its operating budget[10].
Excluding ST and companies in financial sector or with incomplete data, there are 372 samples.
Corporate environmental strategy Translate the qualitative information on the report into quantitative one through content analysis(rules and regulations, input material, process, waste reduction, environmental publicity).
For instance, there is a clear goal of energy conservation and emission reduction in the Twelfth Five-year Plan, which request a reduce in carbon dioxide emissions per GDP of 17%, energy consumption per GDP of 16%, emissions of major pollutants of 8-10%.
Third, we chose list companies reports as the main data resource, providing another choice beside the main existing research based on theory analysis and case study.

On one hand, these traditional methods can only give the data of organic carbon content but they can't obtain a full picture of the nature of organic carbon composition.
Comparison test data on different sediment powder materials samples.
Sample data respectively are shown in Table1- Table 4.
Therefore there may be occasional errors in the processing of powder materials samples and even individual relatively large deviation of data.
With the depth of research and fully obtained data, the increase in organic carbon fingerprint library data, we can further analyze the sediment powder materials dynamics curves and further improve the practicality of the method.