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These phases significantly differ each other in their mechanical, physical and chemical properties.
Fiber surface profile (specific surface area) is a factor that considerably affects wettability.
The specific surface area is the next significant aspect affecting many properties and it is variable with the fibre diameter that was also estimated during the analyse of SEM images taken by electron microscope Tescan Vega XMU.
This value is determined by chemical composition and morphological structure of both the matrix and the reinforced fillers and as all mechanical properties of composites it is affected by quality of interfacial phase [25].
On the other hand from the mechanical properties point of view the bigger surface area is preferred.

Moreover, to ensure building properties, it is necessary to have same quality mix along the building phases.
This study investigated structural cob mix composition, water content, density, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity.
Knowing the material variability will allow to ensure building properties throughout the construction phase.
The mechanical resistance of cob affects the wall height, which reduces construction time and cost (Hamard et al., 2016).
The study is based on the analysis of structural cob mix composition, water content, density, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity.

Dynamic Analysis Methods of FLAC3D [6] There are two methods of dynamic analyses in FLAC3D, including nonlinear vibration analysis and equivalent linear vibration analysis, considering the mechanical properties of structural materials and large deformation.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis is to build the model considering the nonlinearity in space and time of the physical and mechanical properties of materials, and the different stages of deformation and failure on the model elements adopt different damping ratio and shear modulus to calculate the dynamic responses.
Calculation Steps Dynamic analysis is generally divided into the following two steps: the first step is static equilibrium calculation under a certain geological conditions including model range, initial conditions, material types, constitutive model as well as filling, excavation and lining of model; the second step is dynamic response analysis after applying dynamic load involving dynamic boundary, mechanical damping, properties of dynamic load as well as propagation properties of load in medium etc.
A safety factor of 0.5 is used, because formula is only an estimate of the critical time step.
Analysis of the affecting factors for seismic response of immersed tunnel[J].

The obtained test results show that the substitution of GP waste up to 15% does not affect the mechanical and fresh concrete properties of the concrete and it was recommended that the replacement of natural sand by GP waste up to 15% of any formulation would be favorable for concrete making.
Test results showed workability of fresh SCC has not been affected up to 200 kg/m3 However mechanical properties of the concrete were decreased with the increases in the MD substitution rate.
From the above results it was concluded that the GP substitution rate up to 15% which led to the acceptable fresh concrete properties in terms of workability and also acceptable difference in mechanical properties.
Table 5 Mechanical properties of concrete mixtures Mixture No.
Ø The appropriate substitution of GP waste can lead to the least effect on mechanical properties of the concrete such as compressive, flexural and split tensile strength.

A material index is a combination of properties of materials in the function equation [8].
It can sometimes be a single property, sometimes it is a combination of properties.
The design of a structural element is specified by: the functional requirements (F), the geometry (G) and the properties of the material (M).
These allows to represent any property or function of properties.
The Finite Element Analysis was set in assumption of 3D static and linear material properties.

The potential of PNC for future usage in engineering and commercial products has been strengthened by the advantages offered in mechanical, thermal, chemical and barrier properties of PNC.
-E.L., Chun-Gon Kim, The mechanical properties of MWNT/PMMA nanocomposites fabricated by modified injection molding.
Wilkie, Material properties of nanoclay PVC composites.
Factors influencing thermal stability and mechanisms of thermal stability improvement.
[17] Pralay Maiti, P.H.N., Masami Okamoto, Naoki Hasegawa, Arimitsu Usuki, Influence of Crystallization on Intercalation, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites.

Study on Bonding Properties of Copper and Aluminum in Nano Scale Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation Quang-Cherng Hsu1, a, Yen-Yu Cheng1,b and Bao-Hsin Liu 1,c 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences 415 Chien-Kung Road, 80778 Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Introduction Though 7075 aluminum alloy (AA7075) possess good mechanical property, the thermal crack behavior will lead to bad welding strength.
Komanduri, etc. [1], analyzed single crystal material of aluminum, copper, Nickel with FCC and iron, chromium, tungsten with BCC, respectively, to explore the variation of mechanical properties during tensile test.
For example, properties of Ni and Pd, such as the lattice constant, elastic constants and sublimation energy are precisely derived by comparing to the experimental data.
In this study, bonding properties of three materials such as pure aluminum, pure copper and binary alloy (Al0.9Cu0.1) are analyzed.

Waves are the major external dynamics factors acting on net cage structures.
Hao (2007) supposed the flotation structures of circular net cages to be a 3D ring, and analyze its dynamics properties when exposed to waves.
properties (see Table 2).
Dynamic properties of a flexible net sheet in waves and current- a numerical approach .
A numerical study on dynamic properties of the gravity cage in combined wave-current flow.

For components used in specific conditions, suitable materials that have good mechanical properties and processing performance should be chosen to prevent the predictable failures.
Human factors including assembly, operation and maintenance were responsible 31% of the failures.
Because of the high specific strength and attractive mechanical properties, materials such as titanium alloy and high strength steel have been widely used in aerial fasteners.
The material composition, preparation and properties are closely combined.
What’s more, over-heat, corrosion and foreign object damage are important factors resulting failures as well.

Large number of welds results in complex residual stress and deformation, and the residual stress and deformation has adverse effects on structural fracture property, fatigue strength, accuracy and stability of shape and size.
Weld1 Weld2 Weld3 Weld4 Fig. 1 Finite element model Physical parameters of the material During the welding process, the thermal and mechanical properties of the material have decisive influence on the distribution of temperature field and the formation of residual stress, so it is important to establish the material physical property database first.
All the other physical parameters for thermal and mechanical property were obtained from experiments, which tested all the necessary the parameters of the SMA490BW, based on the parameters, the database for SMA490BW was established.
From Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, it can be seen that if all the factors remain unchanged and change welding sequences only there is no obvious change in the peak value of residual stress in the welding direction.
Besides unlike the experimental results the peak value of residual stress appear in the heat-affected zone instead of the weld zone.