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It Significantly affects the force and deformation has significant impact on force and deformation of the concrete structure .
These factors will lead to increased stress within the concrete structure and will have an important impact on the early cracks of the concrete structure.In this paper, the improved test method was used to measure early-age concrete creep to minimize the external uncertainties and load variation to  concrete creep.These studies will have important practical significances to the research of early-age mechanical properties of concrete.
The advantage of which can always maintain a constant load on the construction.The disadvantages are more heavy material costed and more space need which could be avoid by using the leverage principle.In this paper, the authors invent a leverage device to measure the early age concrete tensile creep and other mechanical parameters .The study will have an application value to the research of early concrete mechanical properties.
Design theory of lying-tensile creep device The lying-tensile creep device is mainly based on mechanical principles to design.
Conclusion This study shows that the lying-tensile creep device can be used in determining the tensile elastic modulus, tensile creep and other mechanical parameters of concrete.

Metal foams have both structural and functional properties, offer advantages in different fields such as automotive and aircraft etc., and thus gain more and more technical interest.
Mathematical modelling of the different relevant physical properties and effects during the metal foam expansion and solidification is discussed in this paper.
Introduction Metallic foams can provide an engineering material with the advantageous mechanical properties for a relative low weight.
Therefore, it is significantly important to understand the foam solidification process and to learn the main factors affecting the cell size and its distribution.
In this method, microscopic fluid physics is simplified to retain key factors such as local conservation laws and symmetries needed to guarantee accurate macroscopic behavior.

Other factors affecting scale build up include the type of release agent used (eg boron nitride), how the release agent is applied and the surface condition of both part and die at the start of the process.
Mechanical Test Machine.
Once appropriately worn samples have been created it is then necessary to perform the appropriate analysis to determine how the process conditions affect the part surface.
The objects are defined in a similar way to the previous methods in which the colour properties of the images are used to define the physical boundaries of an object.
The study of factors affecting the economic processing of SPF material, such as die surface degradation, can only be conducted in a controlled environment on a laboratory scale; however simulation of the process conditions is difficult without dedicated equipment.

Panneer2b 1School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613401.
India. 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613401.
One such material that requires considerable study is Titanium which is relatively a lightweight material and provides excellent mechanical properties.
Methodology Design of Experiments (DoE): The DoE was carried out by considering 4 different factors namely Cutting Temperature(0C), Cutting Velocity(m/min), Time(sec) (in terms of length of machining), and Cutting Tools, the details of which are presented in Table 1 below (depth of cut and the feed are kept constant).
The various factors and levels generated a L18 array details of which are presented below in Table 2.

This paper provides an examination of the efficiency of four PV systems installed across the South West and West regions of Romania, exploring the underlying mechanisms, influencing factors, and strategies for optimization.
Loss Mechanisms: Efficiency is reduced by factors such as recombination of charge carriers and resistive losses in the material and interconnections.
Numerous factors influence PV system efficiency: a.
Material Properties: Semiconductor material quality, purity, and bandgap characteristics impact efficiency.
Efficiency optimization strategies include: · Advanced Materials: Ongoing research aims to develop high-efficiency materials with improved properties, such as perovskite solar cells

Finite element analysis of Automobile transmission shaft Yin Jie , He Jun , Zhou Suping , Huang Wei College of Mechanical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China yinjie.11@163.com Keywords: Finite element analysis, transmission shaft, modal, fatigue, harmonic response Abstract.
Fig.1 shows the Transmission system of vehicle .Many factors influencing the dynamic characteristics and the life of transmission shaft, Therefore set up a finite element model to analyze the dynamic characteristics and stress distribution of transmission shaft and study the intrinsic characteristics are necessary.
Typical mechanical properties are given approximately as: 835 MPa for ultimate strength,and 460 MPa for fatigue strength [3,4].The S-N curve of 20Cr is shown in Fig.5, When the fatigue life up to 107, the fatigue limit is 460 MPa , thus, spline shaft meet the requirements of fatigue strength.
Both of them don’t affect mutually.
To design a transmitted shaft with high service durability, mechanical characteristics such as fatigue strength, stress distribution,natural frequency, harmonic response are important properties that should be considered at design stage.

Introduction The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has become an effective means to investigate the behavior and mechanical properties of granular systems which is originally developed by Cundall and Strack in 1979 [1].
Fig. 1 The viscoelastic contact model and translation of contact force Parameter Optimization of Model We expect the model established above agree with the real lunar regolith in mechanical properties.
The simple variable method is used to analyze the impact of each parameter on the mechanical properties.
The viscoelastic contact model built for the lunar regolith is similar to the real one in mechanical properties, and the values of macro-parameters: cohesion(c) and friction angle(φ) lie in the range of real regolith. 2.
[6] Gromov, V.: Physical and Mechanical Properties of Lunar and Planetary Soils.

The factors affecting these coating are ion energy, incidence angle, ion to atom arrival ratio, pressure and temperature.
Mechanical Properties of TiN coatings Table 1.
Mechanical Properties of Titanium Nitride coatings S.No.
Because of its excellent mechanical and tribological properties.
The overall performance of PVD-TiN coatings as well as their wear resistance and behavior are strongly influenced by many key factors including like substrate, properties of counterpart, applied load and speed.

In particular, the gels have self-healing properties.
Surprisingly, rigid cage-shaped polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) units can improve the mechanical properties of the polymer.
However, as for polymer gels which have been successfully studied, they may have more outstanding properties such as high mechanical properties.
A kind of organogels with photo-responsive, self-healing deformable have excellent mechanical properties.
When the concentration of the gelling agent is greater than 7.5wt%, the gels will exhibit mechanical properties and self-supporting ability.

Taguchi approach is an efficient and effective experimental method in which a response variable can be optimized, given various control and noise factors, using fewer experiments than a factorial design.
Taguchi’s optimization analysis indicates that the factors level, its significance to influence the surface roughness and flank wear for the machining processes[4].
The factors which affect tool life are depth of cut, feed rate and cutting speed.
Krathikeyan,Assessment of factors influencing surface roughness on the machining of glass –reinforced polymer composites, Journal of Materials and Design, 27, pp.862-871(2006)
Sustarsic, The use of the Taguchi approach ro determine the influence of injection –moldingparameters on the properties of green parts, Journal of achievement in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering,15, 2006