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Reduction of water to cement will lead to reduction of the micro-porosity in concrete and of the amount of water to be frozen.
Apparently, the reduction of water to cement ratio will also result in the slowing down of the increase in the water saturating level of concrete surface, so that the salt scaling level may be alleviated.
Based on large quantities of test data, we have come to find that addition of compactness admixture to original formula is beneficial.
Statistic data indicate that in two years after their completion, the deterioration degree percentages for concrete road surfaces contacted with deicing salt are respectively 8% for serious deterioration, 66.6% for medium and mediocre deterioration, and 25.7% for light deterioration.

The data analysis was done using equivalent lattice parameters, defined as {hkl} = {hkl}.
Example theoretical fit (according to Eq. 1) to experimental data for the cold rolled ferrite is shown in Fig. 1.
Stress and texture evolution during recovery process The samples of ferritic and austenitic steels were cold rolled (85% rolling reduction) and next subjected to annealing.
The recovery process causes a gradual reduction of dislocations density, which is visible as a decrease of diffraction peak widths (Fig. 2).
In consequence, only a partial reduction of the second order residual stress can be observed in austenite before recrystallization.

Hardness data was collected and were correlated to the ultimate and yield strengths of the samples.
They all were below 0.9, except for the percent reduction in area of Vendor A, which was 0.94.
For percent elongation and percent reduction in area, both vendors show little reduction, Figures 14 and 15.
However, the percent reduction in area values were around half the values obtained from Group 1, Parts I-III. 6.
Retrieved from: www.astm.org/Standards/A693.htm [6] MatWeb: Material Property Data, “AK Steel 15-5 PH® Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel.”

The Langmuir and Sips equations were used to correlate the experimental data.
In this study, experiments were conducted to obtain the equilibrium data of CO2 and N2 on coal-based activated carbon by a static volumetric method most data reported in the literature have been obtained by this method.
The data are presented in Fig. 1~2.
However, the Sips equation seems to fit the data better over the entire range of partial pressure.
Two theoretical isotherms including Langmuir and Sips equation for correlating experimental data were investigated.

The need of cost and weight reduction trend present in the automotive industry lead to the implementation into automotive sector of new materials categorized as Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS).
Introduction The need of costs and weight reduction is an constant trend present in the automotive industry that started in the 1970s when the producers started to develop lighter and fuel efficient autos, that continued with the need of low emissions and crash secure vehicles.
Fig. 7 – Cracking of the welded joint (STE 220 BH, s=1.2mm) Fig. 8 – Pores caused by the Zn vaporization (STE 220 BH, s=1.2mm) Fig. 9 – Spattering on the surface of the upper plate In respect to the shear strength testing, one can mention that all of the samples did break in the weld, and each of the three similar joint combinations were evaluated by means of statistical modeling software with the data for the calculated shear strength values.
A table including such data is presented in Table 2.

It is also very encouraging that the nano-silica modified epoxies did not show reduction in glass transition temperature (Tg).
The addition of the some modifiers, though effective, for example rubbers, thermoplastics and diluents, may result in reductions in basic mechanical properties, such as decreases in strength, modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) [1].
Experimental data of the mode I fracture toughness obtained at three temperatures, 23 oC, 50oC and 70oC, are shown in Fig. 2.
Tension and flexure properties of the cured epoxies are shown in Table 1 for room temperature, Table 2 for 50oC and Table 3 for 70oC test data, respectively.

Green supply chain management requires thoroughly changing the idea of “treatment after pollution” and emphasizes the concept of “reduction of pollution at source, prevention first, treatment second, namely, at the design of product and purchase stages, full consideration shall be made about its impact on environment, thus reducing enterprise treatment costs and improving enterprise environmental performance and economic performance.
Meanwhile, through scientific industry regulation, it is necessary to guide core enterprises to make the development program of resource conservation, waste reduction and pollution avoidance and drive the environmental protection level of the whole supply chain and industry to improve, thus ensuring the smooth implementation of green supply chain management.
The implementation of “ban on free plastic bags” aims to take effective measures from the start to urge the enterprise should produce durable and easily recycled plastic shopping bags and guide and encourage the mass to make reasonable use of plastic shopping bags so as to promote the comprehensive utilization of resources and protect the ecological environment, thus further promoting energy conservation and emissions reduction.
Enterprises should be committed to technology research and development and establish a powerful database and a unified data transmission format, which would be integrated to bring into full play the whole optimization benefits by electronic data interchange technology.

Experimental data have been used to calibrate the parameters of the model of the shear connection describing the pinching, the shape of the curve and the strength and stiffness degradation.
The agreement between numerical results and experimental data is satisfactory for slip lower than 4 mm.
A slight increase of the dissipated energy is observed passing from the case η=1 to η=0.8 and then the values remain almost constant, with a small reduction for the case of η=0.1.
A reduction of the plastic dissipation localized in the joints due to the decrease of the shear connection degree is observed and this reduction corresponds to a slight increase of plastic energy dissipated by the beams and the connectors.

XRD data related to the series of compounds were collected by means of X’Pert Pro type X-ray diffractometer supplied by PANalytical Company in Netherlands.
The data were collected by continuous scanning method with a step length of 0.0167°, a rate of 30s/step and the scanning angle ranging from 20°to 120°.
According to our analysis, the sample with x=0 shows antiferromagnetic (ATM) property under 60 K: The magnetization intensity is obviously reduced with the reduction of temperature, and a peak appeared when the temperature reaches Neel temperature TN (60 K); the magnetization intensity is rapidly reduced when the temperature is above 60 K, accompanied with self-spinning ferromagnetic orderliness and the antiferromagnetic coupling within the double layers of MnO6[5]; when the temperature ranges from 100 K to 250K, a section of platform approximating the shape of a straight line is formed in M-T curve, which represents two-dimensional ferromagnetic orderliness; when the temperature is above 250K, the material is in the paramagnetic state.
The reduction of the content and the increase of Mg ion in Mn bit result in the decrease of antiferromagnetic transformation temperature in the low-temperature area of the material; meanwhile, the increase of Phase 113 increases the ferromagnetic component in the low-temperature area, which dominates the higher magnetization intensity of the sample with x = 0.2in the low-temperature area.
The sharp reduction of specific resistance below Tρ is closely related to 3D ferromagnetic self-spinning and ordering.

The slight reduction of dissolution in Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu can be understood by the equation of dissolution rate [6].
Although there is relatively large scattering in data, the dissolution thickness linearly increased with holding time.
Figure 7 indicates the reduction of dissolution by the addition of saturation concentration of Fe to Sn-3.5Ag.
The data shown in this investigation revealed the extremely large difference in dissolution rate between Cu and iron based alloys.
Eco Design 2006 Asia Pacific Symposium, Dec. 11-12, Tokyo, Union of EcoDesigners, (2006), p. 77-80. 0 50 100 150 Dissolution thickness ( µm) 0.016 Fe Fe addition, mass% 0.023 Fe 0.050 Fe Test temperature 623K 673K 723K Pure Fe Sn-3.5Ag Sn-3.5Ag-Fe 0 Fe 0 Fe 0 Fe Fig. 7 Effect of addition of small amount of Fe to Sn-3.5Ag on reduction of dissolution of pure Fe. 0 50 100 150 200 250 Dissolution thickness ( µm) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Holding time (h) Sn-37Pb Sn-3.5Ag Type 304L, 723K Fig. 8 Plots between holding time of Type 304L stainless steel in molten solder and dissolution thickness