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Materials and methods Coatings were obtained by using technologies [7], including the following sequence of operations: deposition on a substrate of NP2 and Cr20Ni80 by the explosion welding aluminum AD1 0.7 mm thick; heat treatment of the samples at 600 °C to form on NP2 or Cr20Ni80 diffusion zone (DZ) [8 – 10].
Zhu, A Phenomenological Model for Lifetime Design of Ni2Al3/Ni Hybrid Coating Formed on Creep Resistant Ferritic Steels, Journal of Materials Science. 47 (2011) 257-266
Bogdanov, The kinetics of diffusion processes in the nickel-aluminum composition, Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals. 50 (2009) 286-289
Krohalev, Investigation of the Phase Composition of the Diffusion Zone in the Al-Ni-Cr Composite Material, Applied Mechanics and Materials. 698 (2015) 430-433
Okamoto, Al-Ni (Aluminum-Nickel), Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion. 25 (2004) 394-396.

Key Engineering Materials. 2011, 487:376-380
Key Engineering Materials,2011
Advanced Materials Research, 2010, 35:309-313
Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,168(3):448~463
Machining characteristics and surface integrity of yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia in high speed deep grinding[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2003, A345:155~163.

The results showed that the company had both environmental benefits and financial gains due to the reduction of raw materials by means of replaced or eliminated material from the production process.
Emergy as a tool for Ecodesign: evaluating materials selection for beverage packages in Brazil.
Journal of Cleaner Production.
Table of Material intensity of materials, fuels and transport services.
Ecology: a bridge between science and society .

Preparation of superhydrophilic polyethersulfone by sol-gel method Guangfen Li1, a, Jinchao Zhang1,b and Xudong Sun1,c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, P.
Fisher, Journal of Membrane Science Vol. 246 (2005) p.203
Madaeni, Journal of Membrane Science Vol.360 (2010) p.371
Hilal, Journal of Membrane Science Vol.348 (2010) p.109
Jiang, Journal of Membrane Science Vol.303 (2007) p.204

Because of its good electrical conductivity, flexibility and low cost, the pressure-sensitive conductive rubber, can be used as an ideal flexible tactile sensor sensitive materials[4].
However, the conventional Si-based materials is with machine embrittlement characteristic, can not take large deformation and instantaneous impact.
At the same time, the rigidity of the material is difficult to achieve the touch-sensitive detection on the curved surface, thus the microelectronics mechanical system devices of Si-based materials have their limitations[17].
Chou: Journal of Functional Materials, Vol. 39 (2008) No. 2.p.117.
Masatoshi: IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 4 (2004) No. 5.p. 589

Materials and Method Pr0.85Na0.25MnO3 has been prepared via sol-gel method to produce nano-particles at a significantly lower sintering temperature as compared to conventional solid-state method.
Patil, Role of grain size on the magnetic properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 328 (2013) 86–90
Sun, Particle size effects on La0.7Ca0.3MnO3: size-induced changes of magnetic phase transition order and magnetocaloric study, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 322 (2010) 2360–2368
Dua, The effect of Ru doping on the alkali-doped manganite Pr0.8Na0.2MnO3, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 322 (2010) 3857–3861
Huang, Influence of molar ratio of citric acid to metal ions on preparation of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 materials via polymerizable complex process, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 25 (2005) 3611–3618.

The simulated materials based on finite elements method (FEM) are polypropylene alone and a fiber-based composite with a polypropylene matrix.
The control of the anysotropy of those materials, associated to a combination of low density and high rigidity enable to optimize the material parts quality.
Therefore, as those materials exhibit very low thermal diffusivity, an important thermal gradient occurs in the thickness, leading to an important gradient in the material.
Similar results and analysis are valid in case of composite materials where fibers are added to the polymer matrix.
Haudin, "Semianalytical models to predict the crystallization kinetics of thermoplastic fibrous composites," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 134, Feb. 2017.

Initial AM techniques involved the use of polymeric materials and were utilized to fabricate prototypes.
The mechanical properties of most materials degrade rapidly as the density decreases.
Onda, “Mechanism for Deformation of Wood as a Honeycomb Structure I: Effect of Anatomy on the Initial Deformation Process,” Journal of Wood Science.
Huang, et al., "Compressive Behavior of Luffa Sponge Material at High Strain Rate," Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 535–536 (2013), pp., 465–468
Ashby, “Effective Properties of the Octet-Truss Lattice Materials,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 49 (2001), pp. 1747–1769

The heat is generated at the contact surface of the two materials through contact friction and the two materials become soft and deformed.
Nickel, Analysis of the Friction Welding Process in Relation to the Welding of Copper and Steel Bar, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 82, (1998), 127-136
Wright, Rotary Friction Welding of a Fe3Al based ODS alloy, Materials Science and Engineering, A329-331, (2002), 756-762
Nogi, Tensile Properties and Fracture Locations of Friction-stir-welded Joints of 2017-T351 Aluminum Alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 142, (2003), 692-696
Kim, Fatigue Properties of Inertia dissimilar Friction-welded Stainless Steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155-156, (2004), 1402-1407.

The dissipation function has the form for materials whose plastic yield has no relationship with the hydrostatic stress.
Application of thermomechanical principles to the modelling of geotechnical materials[J].
A thermomechanica framework for constitutive models for rate-independent dissipative materials[J].
A thermomechanical framework for rate-independent dissipative materials with internal functions[J].
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1981, 3(3): 10－18.