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The tensile properties of the current refined sheets were also in the acceptable range for typical commercial molded pulp packaging.
After pulping process, a pulp beating or refining process is normally required to deliver desirable physical and mechanical properties of pulps and resulting products [6, 7].
The variation of many refining factors could also affect to refining degree of pulp and resulting pulp properties such as components of pulp, refining speed, refining times, and so on.
The results indicated that the Valley beater refining for 30 min was enough to provide the promising rice straw pulp and sheet with acceptable mechanical properties for molded pulp packaging use.
To further advance the pulp properties, longer refining times could be performed in the future works.

The axial compressive mechanical behavior of steel fiber reinforced ceramsite concrete filled steel tubes (noted as SFR-CCST) after exposure to fire are experimentally studied.
Effect of furnace temperature, dosage of steel fiber in specimens on the post-fire mechanical performance of the specimens after exposure to fire was especially discussed.
At present, there is only a few research on the post-fire behavior of ceramsite concrete filled steel tubes after exposure to fire, the mechanical properties of the composite columns in the normal condition has been studied by Zhuobin Wei[4], but the post-fire mechanical performance of it after exposure to fire has just been reported by Xintang Wang[5,6].
T stands for furnace temperature, △t is fire duration, is the steel ratio and ξconfining factor.
Table 1 Main correlated factors of specimens Specimens D×ts×L /mm △t /min T / ℃ D.S.F S1-T0 159×3×600 0 20 0.074 0 S2-T0 159×3×600 0 20 0.074 0.5% S3-T0 159×3×600 0 20 0.074 1.0% S4-T0 159×3×600 0 20 0.074 1.5% S1-T1 159×3×600 90 700 0.074 0 S2-T1 159×3×600 90 700 0.074 0.5% S3-T1 159×3×600 90 700 0.074 1.0% S4-T1 159×3×600 90 700 0.074 1.5% Table 2 Ceramsite concrete mix proportion (kg/m3) No.

Consequently, material and technological conditions affecting composite quality will be defined in this paper only for these specific features.
In Fig. 2 standardized weights of the main causes (factors) are placed in the Ishikawa diagram in the circles.
The weights of individual causative factors are determined by using the matrix of pair comparison based on the principle: if one of the comparable factors is found to be more important, it is marked as 1; the other factor gets 0.
If both factors are regarded as equally important, both are valued at 0.5.
This is noteworthy that such complex analysis of factors affecting quality of metal matrix composite castings has been done for the first time by Gawdzińska [6].

The properties that affect the resistance to thermal stress are the elastic modulus, the volumetric expansion coefficient, the Poisson's ratio and, in some cases, the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and emissivity of the material [2].
The range of variation of the thermal insulation properties ρ, k, cp and ε were determined from a review of various materials used as thermal insulation in the literature.
Table 3 lists the significance levels of the factors on the response variables, the factors considered statistically significant are indicated with values in bold and underlined.
Thus, it becomes possible to predict the behavior of the response variable by knowing the thickness and thermophysical properties of thermal insulation
Kingery, Factors affecting thermal stress resistance of ceramic materials, J.

The deformation within the range of 25-30 % substantially affects surface diffusion layer structure, phase and chemical composition and properties.
Properties of diffusion layers obtained in such way depend on their structure and interstitial atoms content in diffusion zone.
Furthermore, the cold deformation can influence the surface diffusion layer structure, its phase composition, improve layer mechanical properties and change kinetics of layer growth.
The reasons of surface layer mechanical properties rise, phase formation change and interstitial atoms mass transfer increase in deformed Fe-Cr-Ti alloys as compared with undeformed ones lie in distinctions of deformed and recrystallized metal structures.
Therefore, the properties of diffusion layers obtained in recrystallized specimens attributed to this factor.

The crack initiation period depends on material properties.
Fracture properties can be expected to be controlled primarily by the degree of crystallinity, even though this parameter is just one of the many factors.
For polymer, the degree of crystallinity decided its mechanical properties.
The basic mechanical properties, sample dimension and other parameters must also be known at each testing temperature.
Especially the basic mechanical properties at different temperature and a mass of computation work don’t be needed.

Because design parameters are uncertain, different design parameters of the mechanical structure have different effect, we can determine the reliability of the design parameters to affect the reliability of mechanical structure by sensitivity analysis and the reliability sensitivity analysis has become an important part of the design.
It has a good damping property, saving materials, reducing weight and so on.
In engineering design, variable cross-section components are widely used due to its good mechanical property, such as cantilever brackets, circular hollow vertical rod, etc.
Example In general, if the geometric dimensions and material properties are normal distribution random variable, deflection and material properties are mutually independent random variables.
In the integration process from analysis to design, we can grasp the important design factors, and understand the design, manufacture, basic data statistics and so on, the simplification is an important design parameter.

In this research, we detailed how the following factors affect the scattering of light by nanofluids: (1) nanoparticle sizes, (2) volume fraction of nanoparticles, and (3) nanoparticle materials.
Ahmadi, Mirlohi, Alhuyi Nazari and Ghasempour [22] have reviewed the current efforts of researchers in determining the impact of factors including nanoparticle size on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.
These properties will be combined with the properties of the base fluid to create the radiative properties of the nanofluids. 3.2.4 Radiative properties of base fluid.
The properties of the nanofluids may be found by using the equations in this section and properties from the previous section.
Using Eqs. (16-19), the properties of the nanofluid may be found by combining the properties of the base fluid and the nanoparticles.

Analysis of the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Composite Produced with Brake Lining Waste João Batista Lamari Palma e Silva1,a*, Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz1,b and Luísa Andréia Gachet1,c 1School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil alamaripalma@hotmail.com, brosalint@unicamp.br, cgachet@unicamp.br Keywords: Cement mortar; brake lining waste; electrical impedance; sustainability.
Thus, there is a need to deepen studies about the electrical and mechanical properties of concrete and mortar produced with waste materials [5,6].
The physical properties of the constituent materials of the composite were determined as indicated in Table 1.
Comparison of mix proportion, electrical impedance and compressive strength In addition to the porosity, other factors may have directly influenced the results of the impedance analysis, such as the dispersion of the waste in the mixture and the contact conditions of the electrode with the mortar.
Deviations in relative electrical impedance measurements may be associated with several factors, such as the characteristics of materials and their iterations in different proportions.

Keywords: concrete, heat-resistant properties, aggregates, aluminum oxide (electrocorundum) materials.
The chemical, grain and mineralogical analyses of the material after mechanical grinding allowed us to define it as an aggregate for concrete in order to give it heat-resistant properties.
Research is being conducted to study the basic properties of heat-resistant concrete on alumina cement.
Introduction of refractory concretes on phosphate binders instead of the traditional refractories on portland cement makes it possible to obtain a construction composition with high thermo mechanical properties in a wide temperature range for durable maintenance of the construction based on them.
Al-Hawas, Effects of key factors on compressive and tensile strengths of concrete exposed to elevated temperatures, Arabian journal for science and engineering, 39(6) (2014) 4507-4513