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Instead of conventional biological and chemical laboratory, unit operations such as sample preparation, reaction, separation and testing involved in biology and chemistry are integrated in one microfluidic chip.
Microfluidic chip is widely applied in chemistry, clinical medicine, medicine and environment[1].
The microfluidic chip is a kind of plate with a micro-scale structure - micro-channel on it.

They include the classical chemistry route or radiation route.
Classical chemistry route normally involves harmful toxin substances such as initiators, additives and crosslinking agents.
Von, The Enhanced Stability of the Cross-linked Hylan Structure to Hydroxyl Radicals (OH) Compared with the Uncross-linked Hyaluronan, Radiation Phys .Chem. 46 (1995) 207-217

In Fig.3, Bacillus sp. morphological structure complete and is not much change compared with the control group after Bacillus sp.was stimulated by low-voltage static electric field.
Ma, Effect of direct current electric field on the growth and metabolism of Escherichia coli, Environmental Chemistry, Vol.30(2011), P.1957-1962 [10] X.T.
Liu, Study on the Electrolytic Stimulation Mechanism of Escherichia coli by a Direct Current, Chemistry, 2010, P.252-256

Analysis and Design of Biological, Materials and Structures, Ochsner, Andreas (Ed), Springer–Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. (2012) 89
Physical Chemistry. 13 (1996) 5367–5373
Handbook of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry.

Radić-Perić Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O.
In the synthesis of solid boron nitride (two main solid phases of boron nitride are cubic, diamond-like and hexagonal, graphite-like structure) or for the formation of boron nitride thin films, diborane-ammonia or boron trifluoride-ammonia is usually used as reactants [4,5].
Pavlović: Proc. 10 th International Symp. on Plasma Chemistry, Bochum, Germany, Vol. 1 (1991), p. 14

Synthesis and Characterizations of Metal Oxide-Sulfonic Acid Functionalized ZSM-5 for Photocatalytic Degradation and Adsorption of Dimethylarsenic Acid Alias Mohd Yusof1, a, Nur Nadira Sulaiman 1, b and Hadi Nur 2, c 1Department of Chemistry,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia aalias@kimia.fs.utm.my, bnadiraslayman@gmail.com, chadi@kimia.fs.utm.my Keywords: titanium dioxide; zinc oxide; ZSM-5; dimethylarsenic acid; photodegradation; adsorption.
Metal oxides photocatalysis is based on the use of metal oxides as light activated catalyst in the destruction of inorganic and organic materials as well as in organic synthesis chemistry.
The gradient colors appeared from black to grey showing the difference between the crystalline TiO2 particles as indicated by the dark area and the bright area which has no specific line structure portraying the degree of amorphous and mesoporosity of ZSM-5.

Kadri, “Physical quantification of the biological effectiveness of ionizing radiations”, International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, Vol. 3053, 501-520, 1990
Kadiri, Physical quantification of the biological effectiveness of ionizing radiations, International journal of quantum chemistry, 353, pp. 501-520, (1990)
Watt, Track structure for ionizing radiation’s in liquid water, Part 2: Heavy charged particles, 100eV to 1GeV, University of st.

Along with sulfides and rock minerals, common gold and silver minerals (chalcogenides, intermetallides, native gold) in the form of submicro- and nano-sized precipitates are also associated with intergrowth of a complex structure [1, 2].
Ivanov, Analytical chemistry of gold, Nauka, Moscow, 1973
Timonova, Chlorination of silver and gold and thermochemical transformations of their chlorides, Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 12 (1967) 2013-2016

This is correct not only for ore deposits, but also for some mineralizations because of their physiographic composition and crystalline structure [1-3].
Johnson, Numerical methods in chemistry, Mir, Moscow, 1983
Barrante, Applied Mathematics for Physical Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 2003.

Highlighted areas of current development for superior predictive capability are: extensions of alloy chemistry, recrystallisation behaviour at low strains, onset of precipitation pinning, grain size variation through the thickness and distribution around the average size at a given position, alternative modelling techniques, and robust, user-friendly interfaces for use by production personnel.
Purely empirical factors to adjust the predictions from those of wholly austenitic deformation have been applied for plate rolling, but this does not enable a proper understanding of the effects of changes to the rolling schedule or steel chemistry on the microstructure and mechanical properties.
EBSD techniques have been applied to intercritically rolled plate samples finish rolled at different temperatures to try to distinguish and characterise the different types of ferrite structure contributing to the strength, Fig 3.