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PVA has the different internal structure which may be considered as amorphous or semi crystalline.
An insulator is a dielectric material, which is electrically non-conducting and exhibits or may be made to exhibit an electric dipole structure [4].
This parameter is useful in conductivity study to understand the structure-property behavior of composite polymers [12].
Somashekar, Preparation and Characterization of MMT Doped PVA/SA Polymer Composites, Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry. 04 (2014)
Abdul Kareen J, Al- Bermany, Study the effect of adding PAAM on some physical properties of PVA polymer, Chemistry and Materials Research. 6 (2014)

As a result of the reduction process, the rGO has a graphitic structure similar to that of graphene, with some defects, oxygen, and hydrogen on its sheet.
This indicates of increasing the defect due to the substitution of B atom into the GC structure.
The substitution of B atoms into the GC structure is not causing phase transformation, as proven by the disappearance of other peaks.
Caballero-Briones, Graphene oxide powders with different oxidation degree, prepared by synthesis variations of the Hummers method, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 153 (2015) 209–220
Jung, Facile and safe graphene preparation on solution based platform, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20 (2014) 2883–2887

The oligomers O1, O2 and O3 whose structures are shown in figure 1 were synthesized according to the literature data [6].
Structures of the investigated oligoimines Preparation of HCl-doped oligoimines.
This feature proves that HCl molecules are easily to be released from the films, while the oligoimine heteroaromatic structures are robust and resist toward acid hydrolysis.
The relationship between the push-pull azomethine structures and their reversible halochromic and photoirradiation behavior have been investigated upon exposure to HCl vapors and UV light for both solution and solid state.
The Technological Applications of Colour Chemistry, second ed., RSC Publishing, Cambridge, 2010

Normally, there are two types of pore structure may be observed in a body of ceramic foam including open pore and the closed pore.
These open pore ceramics or open cell ceramics structures are offered the high porosities with the presence of interconnectivity pore and can be produced in a variety of model shapes [3].
However, the closed pore structure is blocked and is inaccessible by any fluid or gas.
Ramesh, Preparation and Characterization of Silica Material from Rice Husk Ash – An Economically Viable Method, Chemistry and Materials Research. 8 (2016) 1–7
Zhang, Catalytic performances of Ni/mesoporous SiO2 catalysts for dry reforming of methane to hydrogen, Journal of Energy Chemistry. 25 (2016) 709–719

Using infrared spectra analysis tested the samples’ structures and the thermal stability of two preparation processes were tested by TG.
The EP/nano-SiO2 composites’ structures were test by Infrared spectra and the thermal stability of two preparation processes were compared by TG method.
However, the thermostability of sample of SG was little change because of not forming network structure between nano-SiO2 and EP or due to bad cross linking of coupling agent and nano-SiO2. .
The thermal decomposition of 10% and 15% EP even were lower than 1% EP, which would because that SiO2 by SG process did not form cross linking structure with coupling agent KH-550 and SiO2 did not snaring with main chain of EP and did not form cross linking.
Rostami, Materials chemistry and physics, 2009. 114(1): P. 145

The crystal structure and photoelectric properties of graphene and graphene films were investigated by X-ray diffraction.
N-719-sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) were assembled into solar cell with a typical sandwich structure.
Room temperature Raman spectrum (JY-HR800) and X-ray diffraction (RigaKuD/MAX-2550, Tokyo, Japan) was utilized to measure the crystalline structure of the samples.
Surface topography and structures of the as-prepared samples were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) (JSM-2010F, Japan).
Shi, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 115 (2011) 17026

It has many advantages, such as simpler structure, lower energy consumption, high reliability, quick start and easy for controlling.
In Air-cooling PEMFC Structure, the most important control fact is the fuel cell stack temperature and humidity.
The Modified Purge Control Algorithm The exhaust gas purge control structure is shown in Fig.2.
In the structure, the input variable is the load current, and the controlled object is the period of PEMFC purge.
Yi: Journal of electro chemistry, Vol. 18(2012) No. 1, p. 1-13

Preparation study of WO3 nano-powder with Micro emulsion Method Xianzhen Diao Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Chongqing Institute of science and Technology, Chongqing, China Xianzhen81@126.com Keyword: micro-emulsion method; WO3; nano-material; preparation Abstract：WO3 nano-powder was prepared by CTAB/n-buoh/octane/H2O micro emulsion system, Na2WO4 and hydrochloric acid as raw material.
And the structure, size and topography of WO3 nano-powder were characterized with X-ray diffractometer, transmissive electron microscopy.
And in recent years the reports on structure design and control growth of nano WO3 increase annually[9], but the real low cost, bulk out preparation small particle size (average particle size less than 50 nm) and distribution uniform WO3 nano material is still a challenge[10].
This shows, calcining temperature affects on the crystalline structure and particle sizes of WO3.
Preparation and characteriz -ation multidimensional mesh structure of tungsten oxide three[J].

The surface morphology and structure in cross-section of the coated substrates are presented.
Surface morphology and coating structure in cross-section: a) Au30; b) Au25Ni; c) Ag20; d) Ag20Ni The morphology and coating structure in cross-section of the gold and silver coatings are shown in Fig. 3.
The brush-plated coating has a fine-grained or nanocrystalline structure, with varying proportions of single grains, caused by the high deposition current and depending on deposition rate.
The gold and silver brush-plated coatings had a fine-grained or nanocrystalline structure depending on current density and deposition rate.
Pihl, Measurement of Residual Stresses in Brush-Plated Gold and Silver Coatings on Thin Cross-Cut Ring Substrate, Latvian Journal of Chemistry (Latvias Kimijas Žurnals) 1 (2008) 4854

Introduction Since its novel structure, unique property, and far-ranging application, hyperbranched polymer is concerned by many scientists, and therefore it becomes one of the new synthetic polymer materials in the 21st century[1].
As for structure characterization, the KBr tabletting is used in IR, the CDCl3 is used in NMR as the solvent; the crust leather shrinkage temperature is measured in accordance with literature[ 5].
The structure characterization of HTHP.
Future Tanning Chemistries.
Chemistry.