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Thus, this study aims to achieve a balance between noise reduction and backpressure minimization in muffler design.
In this study noise reduction parameters use TL and minimizing backpressure use PL.
Table 2 Description of Geometrical Data and Performances Configuration x1 (mm) x2 (mm) x3 (mm) TL (dBA) PL (kPa) Best TL pareto front (solution 1) 30.00 190.00 345.34 26.06 2.27 Best PL pareto front (solution 3) 48.85 110.52 418.89 8.36 1.87 Initial design 40 140 390 15.63 2.12 Best TL (sol. 90) 30.58 134.01 416.67 19.24 2.11 Best PL (sol. 99) 30.92 110.21 418.51 15.70 2.00 Compromise (sol. 41) 30.26 121.84 418.25 17.78 2.07 From Table 2, it can be seen carefully that the TL and PL values of the initial design are surpassed by other designs.
Solution 1 is a muffler design solution when referring to user references who have the highest TL muffler desire which means the best in noise reduction.
Razavi, “Investigation of the Efficiency of Various Reactive Mufflers by Noise Reduction and Transmission Loss Analyses,” J.

Synergetic Effects between Al2O3 and HZSM-5 for NO Reduction by CH4 Lili Ren* and Xiaomei Pan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China *Email: liliren@seu.edu.cn Keywords: Al2O3, HZSM-5, synergetic effect, NOx, selective catalytic reduction Abstract.
Combining with the data of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, we can conclude that the addition of Al2O3 can improve the selectivity of methane for NO reduction.
In order to promote the reduction NO to N2 by CH4, a certain ratio of NO2/(NO+NO2) must be kept.
But for HZSM-5, it is not only active for NO oxidation, but also active for the reduction of NO2 to NO[10].
Reduction of NO2 to N2 takes place over the proton sites of the zeolite.

Introduction Controller pilot data link communication[1] (CPDLC) is a means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for air traffic control (ATC) communication.
Features of Controller Pilot Data Link Communication Message Exchange in CPDLC System.
CPDLC uses the concept of Data Authority[5] as shown in Fig. 2.
References [1] Rehmann A: Airborne Data Link Operational Evaluation Test Plan.
[6] Human Engineering Guidance for Data Link Systems.

Based on the reduction, obtain the optimal decision support system.
Introduction VPRS[1] (Variable Precision Rough Sets) is characterized by data analysis methods do not require any prior knowledge of the data itself, only using the information provided can be achieved on the data attribute reduction and have the access to the minimum expression of knowledge.
But it fault tolerance and generalization ability is weak, can only deal with quantized data.
Bearing fault diagnosis model based on variable precision rough set theory and neural network technology 2.1 The building of a fault diagnosis model Bearing fault diagnosis model based on Variable Precision Rough Set Theory has the following main steps: ① The collected bearing failure data as the domain U, determine the condition attribute set C and decision attribute set D;② Discrete attribute values ​​for continuous processing to form a decision table ;③ Calculation condition beta attribute reduction of decision table, to obtain the relative minimal set of attributes ;④ Build sub neural networks for each selected reduction, using the simplified decision table to train sub-networks ; ⑤ Merge output of each subnet, and get effectively converged network architecture;⑥ Predict new samples and achieve the final result . 2.2 Specific steps ( 1 ) determine the condition attribute set and decision attribute set Perform statistical analysis on the collected data of bearing failure ,
table 3 , in this paper, in order to identify the strong attributes and patterns in the data, β is set to become a higher value , orderβ=0.95,this step to achieve 6-reduction as shown in table 3.

In this research, the synthesis of zirconium carbide nano powder at low temperature via carbothermal reduction route was investigated according to thermodynamic data.
Several studies were conducted on carbothermal reduction mechanism of zirconia.
The DTG curve of this sample shows two peaks which is assigned to the carbothermal reduction.
Figure 5 shows the ∆G calculation of the carbothermal reduction of ZrO2.
∆G calculation of the carbothermal reduction of ZrO2.

Data are analyzed using the PATFIT88 computer program. 1.
An useful approach is to present experimental data in term of S-W plot which allow to draw some conclusions about evolution of defects participating in positron trapping, [18].
The data for the lifetime spectra was analyzed by using the PATFIT88 computer program [22].
As shown in figures 4 and 5, the defect density and dislocation density increase linearly with increasing thickness reduction, while their increase is slow in the range from 0% to 10% thickness reduction and it is fast up to 40% thickness reduction.
Figure 7 The trapping efficiency as a function of thickness reduction of 5251 Al alloy From the above figure, the variation of the trapping efficiency increases with the thickness reduction in the range from 0% to 7.4% thickness reduction and the variation becomes constant up to 14% thickness reduction.

So a novel passive detection model based on three-dimensional hyperbeam forming (3D-HBF) and fuzzy support vector data description (FSVDD) is proposed, where these advantages of beam width reduction and side lobe suppression for 3D-HBF and excellent target-detection capability for FSVDD are combined.
For this problem, a new data domain description technique, referred to as SVDD, has recently been presented [5].
Actually, because each input data point may not be fully assigned to one class, it is very difficult for SVDD to correctly detect the development process of motional target from remote range to nearby range.
Fuzzy Support Vector Data Description The sketch of the support vector data description (SVDD) is shown in Fig. 5.
Engineering Applications In order to verify the validity of the passive detection model for the UHSST, the background noise data and the radiated noise data of UHSST are acquired by the plane array in a lake trial.

The BOSCH BEA-350 exhaust gas analyzer was used to record the data of all exhaust gas emissions.
Test data were generated under full throttle position for different engine speeds (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500 and 4000 rpm).
The reason for the reduction of engine power and increase in BSFC are possibly due to slight reduction of cylinder pressure as well as lower heating value of biodiesel.
Impacts of biodiesel combustion on NOx emissions and their reduction approaches.
NOx reduction from biodiesel fuels.

In this study, elasto- plastic finite element analysis, laboratory rolling tests and inverse computing from skin pass mill process data has been carried out.
In this study, elasto- plastic finite element analysis, laboratory rolling tests and inverse computing from skin pass mill process data has been carried out.
This is achieved with a light reduction of about 0.8%.
The flow stress curves in depending on strain rate can be determinated using high speed tensile test, Hopkinson Split Bar (HSB)- test or calculating backwards from measured process data.
Unfortunately only few strips from process data have similar reductions and entry thickness. 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Measured Roll force [kN] Calculated Roll force [kN] Figure 5.

The grain size of the cold-rolled specimens decreased with increase of reduction rate, c.f., as the rolling reduction increased to 90%, grain size along the direction normal to the sheet decreased to about 8μm in thick.
At a reduction rate of 50%, the elastic deformation resulted in a further downward shift and an increase in diffraction peak width at the peak position than the reduction rate of 20%.
For the reduction rate of 90%, the peak width is further increased while the angle remains unchanged.
Obviously, the transition time decreases as the reduction rate and the annealing temperature increases.
Here, the JMAK model incorporates microhardness data, instead of relying on microstructure and use a unified equation.