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The data for notched specimens are usually plotted in terms of nominal stress based on the net section of the specimen.
The effectiveness of the notch in decreasing the fatigue limit is expressed by the fatigue strength reduction factor or fatigue notch factor, Kf.
But the yield strength and tensile strength of AZ31B FSW joints are 168 MPa and 209 MPa respectively, which are 14.3 % reduction in strength values due to FSW process compared to unwelded parent metal.
Transverse tensile properties of BM and FSW of AZ31B magnesium alloy joints Joint Type 0.2% Yield strength (MPa) Ultimate Tensile strength (MPa) Elonga-tion (%) Reduction in cross -sectional area (%) Notch strength (MPa) Notch strength ratio (NSR) Joint Efficiency (%) Weld region Hardness (Hv) BM 181 244 11.25 8.43 198 0.81 - 68 FSW 168 209 9.26 6.25 164 0.78 85.6 72 Elongation and reduction in cross-sectional area of unwelded parent metal are 12.68% and 14.7 %, respectively.
The fatigue strength of FSW joint is 70 MPa at 2 × 106 cycles and the reduction in fatigue strength value is approximately 34 % compared to the unwelded base metal.

In the present technical conditions, how to further energy conservation, emission reduction, there is only one fundamental way - "Let the same amount of coal burned more cement and occurrence more power".
Therefore, how to reduce the loss of chemical energy transfer into physical energy during coal combustion processes is the fundamental way of coal burning energy saving and emission reduction.
If could reduce the absorb heat by the first step reaction (reduction (ΔH1+ΔH2)), then could improve the coal's practical release heat ΔH, and could achieve "make the same amount of coal burn more cement and occurrence more power", and realize the fundamental energy-saving and emission reduction.
Fig.2 Mechanism of chemical intervention coal combustion catalyst Fig.3 Infrared absorption spectra before and after add the chemical intervention coal combustion catalyst Effects of chemical intervention coal combustion catalyst Calorific value changes After sprayed the chemical intervention coal combustion catalyst in the coal, the calorific values of the coal after and before added the catalyst, which were tested in accordance with national standards, the results are shown in Table 1(All the data were provided by Guangzhou SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd).
The chemical intervention coal combustion catalyst has practical significance for energy saving and emission reduction, which has better promotion and application value.

Transportation energy consumption in 2010 accounted for 23% of the total social energy consumption, and the data is still increasing with the development of urbanization [3].
According to reduction of "the 12th Five-Year" program of the State Council”>[4], which planning the direction of highway energy saving work in "12th Five-Year" period.
The main work of transportation energy saving during "12th Five-year” proposed by The Ministry of Transportation were: promote pilot construction of urban low-carbon transportation system, organize energy saving demonstration, take various forms to promote energy conservation projects, deepen energy saving work on road transport, promote energy-saving technological transformation and enhance energy reduction research.
Researchers also summarize the carbon emissions, energy consumption of the China's transportation industry and analyze low-carbon technologies as well as the application of technology to reduce carbon emissions and vehicle energy consumption[8], A strategic concept on the development of urban low-carbon transport and a feasibility proposals on reducing carbon emissions which combined the spatial carbon reduction, technical carbon reduction and social carbon reduction were brought up[9].
reduction of "The 12th Five-Year" program of the State Council”>. 2011

Al2O3 and Si powders were added to the blends in some cases aiming the reduction of porosity both in the compacted material and in the final product.
Data was obtained using Scheil conditions.
Results showed chips with rounded edges and smaller dimensions after milling: it was observed around 40% size reduction after 4:30h of milling, according to analysis by Tyler Screen Mesh.
Also some reduction of SiC and NiAl2O4 particles, by fracture, could be noticed.
Furthermore, agglomeration of fine particles (Si, Al2O3) must be avoided; if they are preferably located in the liquid phase of the SS metal, a reduction of the liquid fraction could improve their distribution.

The pre-treated catalyst was introduced to the NOx reduction feed consisting of 600 ppm NO, 600 ppm C3H6, 8.0~12.0% O2, 0~7.0% H2O, 0~6.0 % CO2, and He balance.
The total flow rate of the NOx reduction was 200 cm3 min−1.
Table 3 shows data of specific surface areas as well as average diameter of Ni/Cu/Fe-MMOs catalysts.
Corma, NOx storage/reduction catalysts based in cobalt / copper hydrotalcites, Catal.
Cousin, Catalysts for Nox selective catalytic reduction by hydrocarbons (HC-SCR), Appl.

Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were obtained on a Bruker SMART APEX with a CuKα radiation diffractometer (λ = 1.57478).
A metal-free functional electro catalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions [J].
Ionic exchange of metal–organic frameworks to access single nickel sites for efficient electro reduction of CO2 [J].
A dual-metal–organic-framework derived electro catalyst for oxygen reduction [J].
"Tree-like Dimensionality Reduction for Cancer-informatics."

Kenaf fiber offers potential reductions in weight, cost, CO2, and recyclability.
In addition, the door trim weight has measured as a final product of kenaf-polypropylene base materials with a weight reduction from resin-polypropylene base materials.
Furthermore, the environmental effects of kenaf-polypropylene are analyzed by Statistics Indonesia (BPS) data [8-10].
Meanwhile, door trim with kenaf-polypropylene base materials has a weight reduction from resin-polypropylene base materials.
Weight reduction graph of door trim production.

This is due to some characteristical features of AAC which are related to its lightness: - a reduction of the permanent loads for the structure and therefore a subsequent reduction of the seismical masses; - a lighter weight of the structure allows the construction on soils wih less bearing capacity without having to use complex and expensive special foundations; - with similar stresses transmitted to the soil it allows the construction of taller buildings with respect to traditional masonry buildings.
In France, the dynamical characterization of AAC stuctures has brought to the inclusion of a National Annex to the European Seismic Code EC 8, with which for the AAC elements the minimum adviced block strength is reduced from 5.0 MPa to 2.8 Mpa, due to the lower density of the AAC blocks and the subsequent associated reduction of the seismical loads.
The recent updates of the seismic code allow the use of AAC blocks, due to their characteristics of lightness and associated reduction of the seismic masses, their material solidity and homogeneity with respect to other natural types of masonry.
The experimental data thus reduces to a calculation of the baseline, period, amplitude and initial phase of the signal, and by eliminating the noises from electrical and mechanical sources.
References [1] Varela, J., Tanner, J., and Klinger, R., Development of Seismic Force Reduction and Displacement Amplification Factors for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Structures, Earthquake Spectra 22:1 (2006) 267-286

Using the thermocouple and a Wi-Fi module, the data on the current temperature was transferred to a computer.
The increase in the welding rate has as a result an increase in hardness values and a reduction in the stir zone.
These defects were present in all welds made with P1, regardless of the welding mode, and caused reduction in the cross section of the welds.
It can be seen it Fig. 5 that welding with P4 led to the lowest reduction in tensile strength and in yield strength.
The most beneficial effect on tensile strength has pin 4, and higher welding rates result in reduction in welds dimensions and increase in hardness. 3.

The measured temperature is recorded by the data logger and sent to the main computer.
The interferometer data reading and the camera's snapshot are controlled by our produced position controller built into the fast data reading bus of Zygo interferometer (Fig. 1).
Then the PC calculates the position data, corrections and displays the results.
Entering calibration data process start Is sample point?
Reading interferometer data N Reading data from all devices, compensating Viewing calibration data Y End calibration?