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Online since: August 2014
Authors: Xing Jun Hu, Jing Yu Wang, Bao Yu Wang, Lei Liao
The conclusions provide theoretical reference for the further study of aerodynamic drag reduction of complex underground.
In this paper, studies are focused on a real SUV vehicle model, and the drag reduction research on complex underbody was conducted to provide certain theoretical reference to the research on SUV drag reduction.
Firstly, point cloud data of the model were achieved with ATOS scanning and then reverse processed to obtain the full-scale geometric model, which is shown in Figure 1 and figure 2.
The difference between an average of the seven sets of test data and calculation results was only 1.1%, which verified the accuracy of numerical simulation results.
Flow rate increasing and lift force reducing led to the reduction of the induced drag caused by lift force, which was the root cause of the reduce of aerodynamic drag.
In this paper, studies are focused on a real SUV vehicle model, and the drag reduction research on complex underbody was conducted to provide certain theoretical reference to the research on SUV drag reduction.
Firstly, point cloud data of the model were achieved with ATOS scanning and then reverse processed to obtain the full-scale geometric model, which is shown in Figure 1 and figure 2.
The difference between an average of the seven sets of test data and calculation results was only 1.1%, which verified the accuracy of numerical simulation results.
Flow rate increasing and lift force reducing led to the reduction of the induced drag caused by lift force, which was the root cause of the reduce of aerodynamic drag.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Emad A. Badawi, M.A. Abdel-Rahman, Ahmed G. Attallah, M. Elsayed, A.A. Ibrahim
Data are analyzed using the PATFIT88 computer program.
1.
An useful approach is to present experimental data in term of S-W plot which allow to draw some conclusions about evolution of defects participating in positron trapping, [18].
The data for the lifetime spectra was analyzed by using the PATFIT88 computer program [22].
As shown in figures 4 and 5, the defect density and dislocation density increase linearly with increasing thickness reduction, while their increase is slow in the range from 0% to 10% thickness reduction and it is fast up to 40% thickness reduction.
Figure 7 The trapping efficiency as a function of thickness reduction of 5251 Al alloy From the above figure, the variation of the trapping efficiency increases with the thickness reduction in the range from 0% to 7.4% thickness reduction and the variation becomes constant up to 14% thickness reduction.
An useful approach is to present experimental data in term of S-W plot which allow to draw some conclusions about evolution of defects participating in positron trapping, [18].
The data for the lifetime spectra was analyzed by using the PATFIT88 computer program [22].
As shown in figures 4 and 5, the defect density and dislocation density increase linearly with increasing thickness reduction, while their increase is slow in the range from 0% to 10% thickness reduction and it is fast up to 40% thickness reduction.
Figure 7 The trapping efficiency as a function of thickness reduction of 5251 Al alloy From the above figure, the variation of the trapping efficiency increases with the thickness reduction in the range from 0% to 7.4% thickness reduction and the variation becomes constant up to 14% thickness reduction.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Lawrence C. Edomwonyi-Otu
In the present work, new data for transitional and turbulent flows and for different types of polymers and concentration are presented.
The Insight 3G software (TSI) was used for data acquisition and generation of the velocity vectors while the data analysis was done using a MatLab code developed in-house.
Reduction of the diameter of the polymer injection point.
Edomwonyi-Otu, “Drag Reduction in Oil-Water Flows,” PhD Thesis.
Gyr, “Heterogeneous drag reduction concepts and consequences,” J.
The Insight 3G software (TSI) was used for data acquisition and generation of the velocity vectors while the data analysis was done using a MatLab code developed in-house.
Reduction of the diameter of the polymer injection point.
Edomwonyi-Otu, “Drag Reduction in Oil-Water Flows,” PhD Thesis.
Gyr, “Heterogeneous drag reduction concepts and consequences,” J.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Jin Hong Li, Hong Wen Ma, Ying Cao
Preparation and Characterization of ββββ-sialon Ceramics from High
Aluminium Fly Ash via Carbothermal Reduction-nitridation
Jinhong Li *, Hongwen Ma, Ying Cao
National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
* Corresponding Email: jinhong@cugb.edu.cn (Dr.
Li) Keywords: β-Sialon, High Aluminium Fly Ash, Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation Abstract.
In this work, β-sialon ceramics were prepared from high-aluminium fly ash via carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) and the physicochemical properties of the materials such as bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption and flexural strength were also discussed.
Combined with XRD analysis, the crystalline phase consists of SiC and AlN or AlN polytopoids. 21 Conclusion In summary, β-sialon was produced from alumina-rich fly ash at the temperature above 1400°C via carbothermal reduction-nitridation process.
[4] The statistical data comes from http://www.chinatalents.gov.cn/xmtj/detail.aspx?
Li) Keywords: β-Sialon, High Aluminium Fly Ash, Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation Abstract.
In this work, β-sialon ceramics were prepared from high-aluminium fly ash via carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) and the physicochemical properties of the materials such as bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption and flexural strength were also discussed.
Combined with XRD analysis, the crystalline phase consists of SiC and AlN or AlN polytopoids. 21 Conclusion In summary, β-sialon was produced from alumina-rich fly ash at the temperature above 1400°C via carbothermal reduction-nitridation process.
[4] The statistical data comes from http://www.chinatalents.gov.cn/xmtj/detail.aspx?
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Peter Kuschk, Zhong Bing Chen, Uwe Kappelmeyer
However, due to the high sulfate concentration (around 850 mg/L) in influent, sulfate reduction will be stimulated in CWs.
In this study, nitrite and nitrate were used as competitor with sulfate for electron acceptor to prevent the sulfate reduction.
For instance, the cumulative mass removal based on one-year operating data approached 80% for benzene and 88% for total BTEX in a study of pilot scale upward vertical flow mode wetlands equipped with subsurface aeration lines [6].
Results and discussion Both nitrate and nitrite out competed dissimilatory sulfate reduction successfully and there was no difference in the addition of nitrate and nitrite on the influence of sulfate reduction (Fig. 1).
Conclusion Plants can stimulate dissimilatory sulfate reduction by the release of organic carbon from their roots.
In this study, nitrite and nitrate were used as competitor with sulfate for electron acceptor to prevent the sulfate reduction.
For instance, the cumulative mass removal based on one-year operating data approached 80% for benzene and 88% for total BTEX in a study of pilot scale upward vertical flow mode wetlands equipped with subsurface aeration lines [6].
Results and discussion Both nitrate and nitrite out competed dissimilatory sulfate reduction successfully and there was no difference in the addition of nitrate and nitrite on the influence of sulfate reduction (Fig. 1).
Conclusion Plants can stimulate dissimilatory sulfate reduction by the release of organic carbon from their roots.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Adel A. Abou El Ela, Eman Salah Ali, Abdallah Nazih
Results of error analysis between main and reduced data after applying the reduction approach.
Reduction criterion is employed with these data to represent it by 27 scenarios while maintaining the precision of hourly data.
The reduction criterion is employed with these data to represent it by 27 scenarios while maintaining precision of main data as shown in Fig. 34.
Obtained scenarios of PV and WT powers after applying reduction criterion with three-years data.
Data availability.
Reduction criterion is employed with these data to represent it by 27 scenarios while maintaining the precision of hourly data.
The reduction criterion is employed with these data to represent it by 27 scenarios while maintaining precision of main data as shown in Fig. 34.
Obtained scenarios of PV and WT powers after applying reduction criterion with three-years data.
Data availability.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zheng Xiang, Wei Jun Pan, Yu Tang
Introduction
Controller pilot data link communication[1] (CPDLC) is a means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for air traffic control (ATC) communication.
Features of Controller Pilot Data Link Communication Message Exchange in CPDLC System.
CPDLC uses the concept of Data Authority[5] as shown in Fig. 2.
References [1] Rehmann A: Airborne Data Link Operational Evaluation Test Plan.
[6] Human Engineering Guidance for Data Link Systems.
Features of Controller Pilot Data Link Communication Message Exchange in CPDLC System.
CPDLC uses the concept of Data Authority[5] as shown in Fig. 2.
References [1] Rehmann A: Airborne Data Link Operational Evaluation Test Plan.
[6] Human Engineering Guidance for Data Link Systems.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Chao Nan Liu, Wei Hong Xia
Introduction
Alkali weight-reduction wastewater is from Alkali weight-reduction process which is designed to give the poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textile a silky property, as well as to improve the dyeing capability.
Alkali weight-reduction wastewater discharged from the PET textile weight-reduction process of some plant was prepared.
A series of alkali weight-reduction wastewater samples are adjusted to various pHs with hydrochloric.
That is responsible for reduction of the recovery rate.
Ash content transmittance Recovery rate Purity (ppm) (%) (%) (%) A 510 85.2 93.6 96.7 B 2170 67.3 99.9 90.9 According to above data, it can be deduced that purifying mother liquid by coagulation-sedimentation is effective on improving the quality of recovered TA.
Alkali weight-reduction wastewater discharged from the PET textile weight-reduction process of some plant was prepared.
A series of alkali weight-reduction wastewater samples are adjusted to various pHs with hydrochloric.
That is responsible for reduction of the recovery rate.
Ash content transmittance Recovery rate Purity (ppm) (%) (%) (%) A 510 85.2 93.6 96.7 B 2170 67.3 99.9 90.9 According to above data, it can be deduced that purifying mother liquid by coagulation-sedimentation is effective on improving the quality of recovered TA.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Yun Na Wu, He Ping Wang, Shuo Zhang, Ze Zhong Li
The two-dimensional information table composed of is the relational data model concerning evaluation objects.
The reduction method of Rough Set index not only applies to quantitative index of statistical data, but also applies to qualitative index which need subjective evaluation from expert [12].
But it is not suitable for calculating on large-scale data set.
Weight coefficients are completely decided by the law of the data, which is more objective.
Based on data processing principle of Rough Set, we propose a self-control evaluation method for construction agent.
The reduction method of Rough Set index not only applies to quantitative index of statistical data, but also applies to qualitative index which need subjective evaluation from expert [12].
But it is not suitable for calculating on large-scale data set.
Weight coefficients are completely decided by the law of the data, which is more objective.
Based on data processing principle of Rough Set, we propose a self-control evaluation method for construction agent.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: K.N. Anyfantis, N.G. Tsouvalis
CCM is a classical data reduction scheme for
calculating GIIc [10] using the Irwin - Kies equation.
Thus, the GII(δ*) discrete data sets were plotted for each data reduction scheme and an analytical function was used to fit the results for each case.
Fig. 9 compares the bridging laws (traction-separation laws) as inferred by CCM, CBT and CBBM data reduction schemes.
Fracture energy was measured from ENF tests with the use of three different data reduction schemes.
The obtained bridging laws exhibit the same softening behaviour, regardless the data reduction method used.
Thus, the GII(δ*) discrete data sets were plotted for each data reduction scheme and an analytical function was used to fit the results for each case.
Fig. 9 compares the bridging laws (traction-separation laws) as inferred by CCM, CBT and CBBM data reduction schemes.
Fracture energy was measured from ENF tests with the use of three different data reduction schemes.
The obtained bridging laws exhibit the same softening behaviour, regardless the data reduction method used.