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The circles represent data points.
The gray box shows where 50% of the data values lie.
Figure 3 shows the data on the effect of the surface on the mechanical properties.
The data on scatter has to be interpreted.
The evaluation algorithms of the test data do not detected a significant change from elastic behavior.

Therefore, the transport sector is a focus point for CO2 reduction policy around the world.
Main vehicle characteristics are listed on Table 1, based on manufacturer data in European market [7].
“Reduce” represents the reduction of material types; “Reuse” represents the applications for recycle-friendly materials and increased easiness to dismantle wiring harnesses and motors; “Recycling” represents recycling usage of material and material labeling for segregation.
Also, because an electricity mix with a large proportion of renewable energy generation (such as hydro, nuclear, wind etc) would contribute to overall CO2 emissions reduction as well as energy consumption, an electricity mix with a larger proportion of renewable energy generation should be proposed as well as related advancing renewable energy generation technologies innovation should be conducted with the encouragement and support from government positive policies (fiscal incentives like CO2-related taxation creates consumer demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and alternative fuels), to stimulate the uptake of electric vehicles.
[2] Information on http://www.ipcc-data.org/observ/ddc_envdata.html. (2012)

The mechanism observed in many severe plastic deformed metals are governed by a continuous reduction of cell block size with increasing strain followed by grain subdivision.
The equivalent extrusion reduction for frictionless extrusion given by "N" passes through ECAE is: RE=Ao/ Af = exp (2N cot θ/√3) (4) Where RA is the area reduction of the cross section of the billet from initial Ao to the final area Af.
It can be noticed, according of equation (4), that for die angle 2θ = 90 o and N = 4, by ECAE, the equivalent strain ε is equal to 4.60 and the equivalent extrusion reduction RE is equal to 101.50 [5].
The ECAE facilities (die and punch) together with a load cell and the inductive displacement sensor were set up in a 200 kN hydraulic press During each extrusion process, the extrusion load and punch displacement were recorded by use of an experimental data aquisition system.

PCA is used for feature extraction and dimension reduction.
Where the entire dimension reduction is noted for different underwater images.
Then it was used in image mosaic, recognition, retrieval and etc. where PCA-SIFT (Principal Component Analysis- Scale Invariant Feature Transform) is used for dimension reduction and feature detection for underwater images.
[3] Yan Ke1, Rahul Sukthankar2, "PCA-SIFT: A More Distinctive Representation for Local Image Descriptors", Citeseerx [4] Nattachai Watcharapinchai , Supavadee Aramvith , Supakom Siddhichai and Sanparith Marukatat, "Dimensionality Reduction of SIFT using PCA for Object Categorization", 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS2008) [5] David G.
[6] Dimitris Achlioptas, Frank McSherry and Bernhard Sch¨olkopf, "Sampling Techniques for Kernel Methods", citeceerx 2002 [7] Liefeng Bo, Cristian Sminchisescu , University of Bonn, "Efficient Match Kernels between Sets of Features for Visual Recognition", NIPS Conference 2009 [8] Silvia Silva da Costa Botelho1 , Paulo Lilles Jorge Drews Junior , Mônica da Silva Figueiredo ,Celina Haffele Da Rocha , Gabriel Leivas Oliveira1, "Appearance-based odometry and mapping with feature descriptors for underwater robots", Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society, vol. 15 issue (3) P.No.47-54.year 2009 [9] Andrzej Śluzek, "Retrieval of Relevant Visual Data in Selected Machine Vision Tasks: Examples of Hardwarebased and Software-based Solutions", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.56, P.No.215-220, year 2009 [10] Josef Sivic and Andrew Zisserman, "Video Google: A Text Retrieval Approach to Object Matching in Videos", IEEE International Conference on

With the increase of spinning cake quality, the reduction of working frequency is faster than that of natural frequency.
With the increase of spinning cake quality, reduction range of revolving speed is larger than reduction range for natural frequency of take-up winder, so that its working frequency is gradually close to sixth natural frequency and vibration response increases too.
Soon afterwards, with further reduction of working frequency, stress response reduces correspondingly.
Fig.3 The first model of take-up winder Fig.4 The maximum stress of support sleeve Fatigue life evaluations In the following, fatigue life of take-up winder will be predicted according to ultra high cycle experimental data.

Besides, reliable thermal data for this material are therefore indispensable for practical purposes[2].
Mass reduction of the sample prepared by mechanical grinding method was 3.86% more than that prepared by static melting method, mainly because the sample prepared by static melting method had been heated well during its preparation process, which had a positive impact on the removal of moisture.
Wherein the sample’s mass reduction prepared by static melting method was 3.71%, a little better than that from mechanical grinding method, whose mass reduction was up to 4.48%. 3.3 DSC curves of cycle experiments The sample of optimum proportion referring to the Phase Diagram was selected to be tested for cycle experiments, in which the samples would be heated from 160 degree Celsius to 770 degree Celsius for 7 times.
Fig.5 TG curves in static melting method Fig.6 TG curves in mechanical grinding method We can see from the Fig. 5, the quality of the sample from static melting method tended to be stable during the six times cycles, remaining at between 95.8% and 95.4%,and the sample reduction was less than 0.5%.

The tensile properties are summarized in Table 1 namely, 0.2% yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile stress (UTS), elongation (EL) and reduction of area (RA).
Results from the creep tests at 500°C are summarized in Table 2, which show the values of primary creep time (tp) defined as time to the onset of secondary creep, secondary creep rate ( sε& ), strain at fracture (εf), time to rupture (tf) and reduction of area (RA).
Table 2 - Creep data at 500°C.
Coating σσσσ [MPa] tp [h] sε& [1/h] tf [h] εεεεf [mm/mm] RA [%] Ceramic 520 0.24 3.4 × 10 -2 2.24 0.1056 45.73 Metallic 520 0.0667 4.4 × 10 -2 1,7167 0.1318 57.32 The highest values of tp and the reduction of the steady-state creep rate demonstrate that the higher creep resistance of Ti-6Al-4V is observed in ceramic samples.
The highest values of tp and the reduction of the steady-state creep rate demonstrate that the higher creep resistance of Ti-6Al-4V is observed in ceramic samples.

(1) where n was the number of data points, yi was the vertical coordinate of the image, and yi was the mean value of yi.
Additionally, the electrochemical tests including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were also performed in CHI660E electrochemical workstation (CHI660E, made by Shanghai CH Instruments Co., Ltd., China), which provided a wealth of information with certain parameters that aided in assessment of the mechanisms of reduction and nucleation of NiCo electrodeposition on Ru/C multilayer film.
For the obtained LSV plot in Fig.4 (a), when the potential was scanned negatively, the cathodic current was relatively low at starting potential, and gradually increased at −0.74 V, which corresponded to the cathodic reduction and deposition process.
(a) Reduction behavior (b) Nucleation mechanism (c) Dimensionless processing for (b) Fig. 4.
After that, the electrochemical reduction behavior and nucleation process was investigated, and a further discussion of the resulting crystal structure was held.

Little research data about how to analyze the impact of underground mining on the slope stability has been found abroad [2].
Now, the slope stability decrease and the reduction should be determined according to the length of the potential sliding surface and the rock mass strength indexes in the collapse area.
The reduction should be controlled by the length of the potential sliding surface and the weakening degree of the rock strength parameters.
Underground mining area γ β Underground mining area γ β Underground mining area β γ (a) Sliding type failure (b) Sliding-collapse type failure (c) Collapse type failure Fig. 4 Failure model of counter-tilt slope under combined surface and underground mining Example analysis To prove the above discussion, RFPA-SRM, which is a analyzing soft based on the strength reduction theory developed by Northeastern University (in China), was applied to simulate the failure mode and the stability of the counter-tilt slope under simple surface mining and that under combined surface and underground mining respectively aiming at the top slope in Pingzhuang Western Surface Mine, then the displacement isolines (Fig. 5) of the slope after damage were obtained.
The underground mined spatial position affects the stability and the failure mode of the slope dramatically, and the reduction should be controlled by the length of the potential sliding surface and the weakening degree of the rock strength parameters, thus, the limit equilibrium method to calculate the slope stability under combined surface and underground mining was put forward.

Results and Discussion Chemical Analysis From the analysis of Figure 1 it is possible to observe that there was a reduction of 70% of the carbon content before and after the heat treatment.
The final annealing has as one of the objectives to promote decarbonation, since carbon in solid solution, as well as other impurities such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen causes the anchoring of the walls of the domain, which causes the reduction of the magnetic losses from the plot Hysteretic, in addition to restricting grain growth.
Therefore, decarburization is important for the optimization of the magnetic properties directly because it causes the reduction of C in solid solution and the volumetric fraction of carbides in the metal matrix, and indirectly, to allow grain growth and decrease residual stresses.
The material analyzed is a low carbon steel, with 300 to 400 ppm of carbon before the heat treatment, but after the annealing in decarbonizing atmosphere there was a visible reduction of the level of carbon in solid solution, however the contents found are within the range suggested by the Literature where there is a possibility of magnetic aging.
Data obtained from the Epstein test with induction of 1.5 T The hysteretic losses can be seen in Figure 5, the sample 2 presented the highest value of hysteretic losses both before and after the heat treatment, this fact can be explained based on the grain size of the material that in both situations presented the smallest grain size.