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Introduction A large number of solar selective coatings have been studied and widely used for solar absorber [1, 2, 3, 4].
Compared with the film as deposited, with the increase of the heating temperature, metal Mo grains gradually change to irregular particles from a floccus-like shape at room temperature.
But with the increasing of the annealing temperature, the grain boundary widens, as well as holes and cracks are presented.
As shown in Fig. 3, a large number of irregular particles, which is Mo, studded in the spherical-particle Al2O3 matrix.
With the increase of the heating temperature, metal Mo grains become irregular.

Macrostructure of ingots (longitudinal and transverse) with velocity: 0,4 (a), 1,0 (b) and 2 mm/s (c) Due to the limited solubility of iron in aluminium, which is 0.0052 % by weight at 450 ° C [6], the iron is present as grain boundary precipitates.
Scanning photos show the presence of iron phases at grain boundaries in the form of zebra (Fig. 3 and 4).
It was noted that the increase casting speed causes a decrease in electrical conductivity as a results of the fragmentation of the structure by increasing the grain boundaries, which is an obstacle in the flow of free electrons and their dispersal.
Number: 11.11.180.655 References [1] T.
Aoyama: Development of aluminum alloy conductor with high electrical conductivity and controlled tensile strength and elongation, Hitachi Cable Review, Number 25 (2006), Pages 18-21 [11] T.

Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the axle system and achieved a large number of research results.
Sun [4] et al studied the grain coarsening temperature of new vanadium microalloyed axle steel.
It is found that with the increase of heating temperature, the austenite grains of this type of axle steel are getting larger and larger, but the strong carbon compound element vanadium can effectively prevent the growth of austenite grains.
Silicate inclusions However, the above non-metallic inclusions were observed along the cross section of the broken shaft surface, and after further polishing, it was found that the number of non-metallic inclusions decreased obviously.
Research on the temperature of grain growth coarsening for vananium series microalloy axle steel[J].

Therefore, morphology modification of the primary silicon and grain refinement for both primary and eutectic silicon are necessary to improve the mechanical properties and machinability for Al-Si alloys.
Moreover, TiC particles were actually found to exist in the aluminum grain centers [13].
Experimental results of Davis and Maxwell [14, 15] show the existence of TiAl3 particles in the aluminum grain centers, indicating the possibility of TiAl3 acting as heterogeneous nucleus of aluminum.
Consequently, grain refinement of aluminum can be obtained due to considerably larger amounts of α-Al crystals in the same volume of aluminum melt.
Due to the increased numbers of aluminum crystal nucleus and cooperative intergrowth of aluminum and silicon crystals, eutectic silicon appears in the form of fibrous shape, or even spotted state particularly when the degree of constitutional under-cooling is high.

Both have discontinuously distributed grain boundary precipitates.
The grain boundary precipitates of the T6 alloy distribute discontinuously and the size has obvious variations.
Bright-field TEM images of (a,c) matrix precipitates and (b,d) grain boundary precipitates of the alloy treated by (a,b) T6 state and (c,d) T76 state.
The number fractions of precipitates with different intervals are calculated and the percentages less than 1% are ignored.
From T6 state to T76 state, matrix precipitates and grain boundary precipitates enlarge and distribute more densely.

The average grain diameter is about 90 μm, volume fraction of liquid phase reaches about 20%.
Because globular grains have smaller surface energy than polyhedral ones, the polyhedral solid particles are gradually spheroidized.
The reason is that the liquid fraction is relatively low and the skeletal solid structure need be broken down under shear in initial stage of compression, which is a combination of elastoplastic deformation at grain contacts and the destruction of cohesive bonds between solid grains.
The Fig. 6 show the TEM image of ZCuSn10 alloy after pre-deformation and after remelting, the the numbers of twins and dislocation tangles significantly reduce but still exist, which illustrates residual deformation energy is still possibly exist in semi-solid samples.
Fig. 7 Stress-strain curves of semi-solid ZCuSn10P1 alloy at strain 0.6, (a) 910℃ and (b) 920℃ under different strain rate Summary Semi-solid microstructure of ZCuSn10P1 alloy by SIMA process with 14% rolling pre-deformation then reheated at 910°C for 25 min is uniform and fine grain, the average grain diameter is about 90μm, volume fraction of liquid phase reaches about 20%.

The ZnO mean grain area was inversely related with the surface roughness.
The statistical mean grain area shown in Table 1.
Clearly can be seen from the figure that across 10×10 µm scanned surface area, a smaller number of grain boundary density was obtained.

It is also studied in theory how to exclude correlated parameters from a number of parameters that can affect the sound velocity and how to optimize a few parameters that are obviously related to sound velocity without cross-correlation.
Using the optimal physical parameters, such as porosity n, median grain size Md (φ) and plastic limit Wp, a three-parameter forecasting equation of sound velocity is established for the continental shelf and slope in southern South China Sea.
Therefore, during the regression equation for sound velocity prediction, the number of parameters should not be more than three.
[5] ORSI T H, DUNU D A: Sound velocity and related physical properties of fine grained adyssal sediments from the Brazil Basin (South Atiantic Ocean) , J Acoust Soc Am, Vol.88(1990),No.3, p.1536-1542

The rise of the MR observed in the range of x: 32-40 at.% is presumably due to the increase of Ni grains TC and as a result with a decrease of paraprocess action on electrotransport in the materials.
It is known that the grain size of composites increases after annealing [11].
This fact confirms that the composites have a large number of structural defects.
These features observed in materials containing a large number of non-magnetic impurities [13].
Presumably its manifestation is due to the high deficiency of nickel clusters containing a large number of non-magnetic impurities.

With the increase of strain, the {111} texture intensity in the center layer can be further reduced since the increasing deformation can inevitably increase the pass number of cross rolling and therefore improve the transformation probability of {111} orientation grain.
Liu, Anomalous deformation and recrystallization phenomenon in {111} grains in clock-rolling tantalum sheets, Metall.
Michaluk, Correlating discrete orientation and grain size to the sputter deposition properties of tantalum, J.
Zaid, The effect of starting grain size on the evolution of microstructure and texture in nickel during processing by cross-rolling, Mater.
Raabe, Simulation of rolling textures of b.c.c. metals considering grain interactions and crystallographic slip on {110}, {112} and {123} planes, Mater.