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Study on Effect of Frame Structures Crossed by Shallow-buried and Mining Tunnelling Wei Gang*, Yu Haoqiang Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China weig@zucc.edu.cn (*Corresponding author) Key words: shallow-buried tunnels; structure; independent foundation; finite element method Abstract: During the shallow-buried tunnel excavation, the formation will be affected and the nearby buildings will be caused fracture.
With the increasing story of the framework, the settlement of building is nearly not affected, and P1 and E1 decrease slightly.
The loadings and deformations of buildings before and after the excavation of tunnel face is studied, and the influences result from the change of horizontal position of tunnels and buildings, the height of building and the soil property are analyzed.
The simulation are followed as: (1) to activate the soil, and initiate the self-weight load and reset displacement; (2) to modify the properties of basic elements and activate the structure elements; then apply the building load and reset displacement; (3) to modify the pre-reinforcement element properties and accomplish the simulation process of the pre-reinforcement; (4) to carry out the soil excavation in the upstairs and activate intermediate steel element, upper tunnel face element, and the upper primary support element; (5) to modify the properties of the upper primary support element and simulate the primary support stiffness; (6) to initiate the soil excavation to the ground and activate tunnel face element and primary lower support element; (7) to modify the lower element attributes of the primary support.
The soil is one of the most important factors of structure settlements.

In 1987, Frost proposed a feedback mechanism, the "mechanostat," which controls bone mass in response to mechanical loading [4].
Osteocytes embedded in bone matrix play critical roles in sensing mechanical loads [9].
Osteoblastic cells receive stress information from osteocytes and produce soluble factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-I and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), that respond to local stress and stimulate their-own bone-forming activity [10-12].
A structure that does not break under various biting conditions seems to be a very important property of the mandibular bone.
This method can also be used to simulate various bone disorders associated with deformation, thus providing us better understanding of the biomechanical background of such disorders. iBone will help us to determine the cause of bone diseases and to predict the risk of surgical therapy that may affect the mechanical property of bone tissues.

Wood and Fry [2] observed that when erosion corrosion and electrochemical properties of the physical characteristics of the binding occurs can have many applications, because the erosion and corrosion of liquid and solid particles have an interaction exist.
A variety of factors will affect the working results during the electrochemical machining process, such as voltage supply, electrolyte type, electrolyte concentration, initial gap and flow rate.
Due to varied factors that will affect the working result, one of the factors is changed per time during the experiment without disturbing the other factors.
In this way, the working results are studied to avoid complicating the experiment by involving other factors so as to interfere with the discussion. 2.1 Effect of voltage on removal rate and hole size The discussion result is shown in Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b) of which, Fig. 2(a) explains the effect of the voltage on the removal rate.
The main reason for this is that although the additional erosion factor should be considered for affecting the working removal rate as compared with conventional electrochemical machining during the electrochemical jet-stream working process, the electrolyte still remains the main metal removal method.

There are many factors that is affecting flotation process.
Reagent is an important factor in a flotation process.
It reduces surface tension so that it affects the bubble size as well.
[8] Lee J.E., Choi W.S., Lee J.K., A Study of the Bubble Properties in the Column Flotation System, Korean J.
[9] Lawskoski J.S., Melo N.S., Fundamental Properties of Flotation Frothers and Their Effect on Flotation, Korean J.

When the amplitude exceeds the allowed range, it will result in the deterioration of machined surface, accelerating tool wear, affecting the processing accuracy, and reducing production efficiency.
Movement stability of mechanical system.
The factors that can have an effect on the sensitivity listed as follows: (1).
And high-strength carbon fiber M5J series, its tensile modulus is 640GPa, tensile strength is 3.62GPa; extremely stable chemical properties, high temperature and low temperature and corrosion resistance.
Nodal stiffness affects triangular space static and dynamic properties of truss [D].

Although they have attractive mechanical and chemical properties, titanium and its alloys are difficult to machine, largely due to poor thermal conductivity, low stiffness and high strength [1-7].
Rahim, S.Sharif., JSME International Journal, 2006. ) (b) (a)Microstructures of Grade 5, 10mm cutting depth and (b) Microstructures of Grade 5, 90mm cutting depth It can be concluded from this research that the drilling process in titanium alloys is affected by many factors and it is difficult to give direct and simple recommendations for machining titanium.
However, the influence of factors such as drill diameter, cutting speed, feed rate, depth of each hole a range of material properties, can be measured experimentally.
Vol. 49(2) 340 (a)Microstructures of Grade 5, 10mm cutting depth and (b) Microstructures of Grade 5, 90mm in titanium alloys is affected by many factors and it is difficult to give direct and simple recommendations for machining titanium.
However, the influence of factors such as drill diameter, cutting speed, feed rate, depth of each hole, be measured experimentally.

The main factors affecting the PBB properties are the following: the brand and structural type of bitumen, the molecular weight and size of polymer particles, the amount of polymer and plasticizer, the processing modes and mixing equipment used.
The selection of PBB compositions relates to the solution of multi-factor extreme problems aimed at determining the optimal compositions of binders with the required properties.
When performing the research by using the conventional methods, the composition and processing factors optimization is associated with a large number of experiments.
Results Discussion The mathematical model analysis shows that PBB properties depend on the content of the polymer, plasticizer and combined action of these factors.
Bitumen and polymer-bitumen binders properties.

The described long-term measurement is based on a resistance method and the text explains its principle, mentions factors influencing the accuracy of measurement and shows installation and development of probes, which were designed by author for this kind of measurements.
Wood moisture also affects mechanical properties which are deteriorating with increasing humidity.
Since performing calculations can be difficult in complicated details – because it is sometimes nearly impossible to take into account all the factors affecting the detail – long-term measurements in real structures seem to be the best way to control the right function of designed details.
Zelinka, Moisture Relations and Physical Properties of Wood, Forest Products Laboratory, in: Wood handbook—Wood as an engineering material, Madison, WI: U.S.
TenWolde, Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood, Forest Products Laboratory, in: Wood handbook—Wood as an engineering material, Madison, WI: U.S.

However, this method is limited in analyzing safety factor for only one slope model each time.
The slope is also affected by vibration wave as blasting occurs often during mining.
The physical and mechanical properties of material is showed in the picture, too.
The sides of the model were fixed in horizontal direction. 3.3 Computation Table 1 Safety factor of slope with different angle at an interval of 5 Gradient /(°) 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 F1 1.252 1.084 0.951 0.846 0.757 0.679 0.618 F2 1.252 0.951 0.757 0.618 F3 1.252 0.846 0.618 The safety factors in Table 1 were calculated through FLAC3D at first.
F1,F2,F3 represent safety factor at interval of 5,10,15 respectively and F means safety factor calculated from FLAC3D, and Error .

The factor affecting its various properties was investigated and discussed.
This paper is concerned with the manufacturing process of the composite material [3] making the best use of its properties.
It is expected that the hybrid is widely used for building and construction materials and diverse applications, since those possess superior adiabatic property, good vibration absorption and preferable strength.
In the present study, the hybrid was successfully manufactured and therefore this paper described the manufacturing process and its properties. 2.
The hybrid preform was axially and transversely cut by mechanical saw in order to observe its soundness and morphology.