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Online since: July 2011
Authors: Fang Fang Liu, Tong Huan Ke
However, the effect of flame retardant can not meet the requirements with the increase in the number of washing because there was no chemical bonds between the viscose fiber and the additive-type flame retardant, poor compatibility leading flame retardant be gradually lost after a number of washing; Consulting the existent industrial technology in the study, viscose fiber was prepared by adding self-restraint aziridine series crosslinker which linked with hydroxyl groups of cellulose appropriately and formed a network structure, which was to solve the problem of flame-retardant effect reduction because of the lossing of flame retardant in the washing process, Meanwhile, providing technical support for the production of washable fire resistant viscose fiber.
EDS analysis In order to confirm further that cross-link reaction can prevent flame retardants from lossing in the washing process effectively, take viscose film samples before washing and after washing which include crosslinker addition and no-crosslinker respectively to carry on EDS, as shown in Fig. 7 and receive data from it as listed in Table 1.
Fig. 7 EDS of Membrane Table 1 Atomicpercent of major elements in each membrane Elements No crosslinker Adding crosslinker Before washing After washing Before washing After washing C 29.58 53.57 29.60 54.52 O 55.56 44.84 55.57 43.26 P 1.14 0.75 1.15 0.94 S 5.35 0.84 5.34 1.29 Na 8.37 8.36 From the data in Table 1, the atomic percentage of phosphorus element varies slightly before washing, contrasted with the sample adding crosslinker, the phosphorus element percentage without crosslinker decreased to 0.75 after washing, the significantly reduction of loss amount indicated the reaction between the crosslinker and hydroxyl formed a net structure, which prevented fire retardant from lossing in water-washing process and improved washable performance.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jin Hu Song
Ozone reduction into oxygen in a few minutes under normal temperature after completing sterilization process,because the reduction properties of ozone.
Power conversion part Software design of warm room ills’s ozone control machine The main function is as follows: keyboard scan, LED display, A/D temperature data acquisition, the PWM0/1 output control, I2C bus timing simulation, DS1337 read and write data, external RF remote signal interrupt handling. main program flow chart is shown as figure 5.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Ivo Černý
However, in connection with recent rapid increase of railway vehicle speed, weight reduction of railway vehicles and particularly suspension components and wheelsets as unsprung mass started to be an important issue.
A significant weight reduction is not possible without full exploitation of material properties close to their limits.
Particularly, data about fatigue crack rate in full scale components – axles and data about crack shape and crack front are one of the essential characteristics necessary for a safe and reliable application of damage tolerance principles.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: I. Salvatori, Claudio Guarnaschelli, Tommaso Coppola, L. Cortese
Finally, the tapered specimens have been compressed at several height reductions (from 50 to 80%) and strain rates (from 0.1 to 1 s-1).
The load-extensometer data from tensile tests have been elaborated in terms of logarithmic stress and strain up to necking in the conventional way.
For torsion tests rotation angle data are converted directly in strain, and the final value at fracture is used for the damage model identification.
This was reflected by the experimental observations; the UFG steel didn’t show any crack, while both 22MnB3 and 30MnB4 presented very small cracks (10 mm size) in the compression tapered specimens at the maximum height reduction of 80%.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Ye Jin Lin, Guang Ren, Jun Dong Zhang, Bao Zhu Jia, Ai Ping Zhang
The signal preprocessing, maximum-minimum standardized data conversion process and dimensionality reduction process constructure the data preprocessing.
Tab. 3: Sample source and diagnosis results Sample source Sample to be recognized vr s’IJ Diagnosis result 1 0.170 0.044 0.253 0.446 0.674 0.225 0.382 0.059 0.718 0.562 0.398 Fault 1 2 0.209 0.193 0.257 0.234 0.480 0.202 0.114 0.226 0.659 0.398 0.461 Fault 2 3 0.136 0.108 0.254 0.066 0.903 0.008 0.081 0.185 0.606 0.174 0.344 Fault 3 4 0.458 0.692 0.988 0.725 0.360 0.573 0.674 0.725 0.006 0.003 0.129 Fault 4 5 0.371 0.512 0.684 0.305 0.270 0.484 0.519 0.520 0.286 0.969 0.001 New fault pattern Conclusions Due to reduction of preset factors and usage of random factors in cluster process, the multiple results can include some classes which can’t be found easily in fixed result, thus the fault diagnosis method based on it is accurate and efficient.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Ling Yuan, Bao Chang, Jun Ying Jin
Many studies have showed that the reduction degree of photosynthetic rate depends on the water deficit and the drought resistant ability of plants under the condition of water shortage[2,3].
Data treatment and statistical analysis All the data treatment and statistical analysis are performed by the soft Excel and SPSS18.0.
There are two reasons for the decrease of net photosynthesis, one is stomatal factor, that is the decrease of Gs causes CO2 insufficiency; another is non-stomatal factor, because the reduction of photosynthetic activity of mesophyll cells may cause insufficient assimilation capacity, which will limit carbon assimilation.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: M. A. Ahmad, A. Zakaria
A total reduction in weight reduction of 40% has been reported [5].
Thermal data used as shown in Table 2.
Thermal data.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Song Chun Choi, Hyo Kim, Jae Hoon Lee
The transportation efficiency is getting higher due to the volume reduction in liquid state to about one over six hundred in comparison with the gas state, but its liquefaction process needs more 15% energy consumption.
Container manufacturing procedure The material was choosed according to "Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Part D of Section II, ASME" to the data drawing the phase equilibrium temperature and pressure.
For that reason, the thickness was increased with the enhanced phase pressure due to the reduction of the chemical potential of the water molecules.
Data, Vol.44(2) (1999), p.253 [15] http://www.mines.edu/research/chs/
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Christopher Parfeniuk, Kevin Moeggenborg, Thomas Kegg, Thomas Stoney, Jeffrey Quast
Data for this test are shown in Table 1.
Again, this is in line with the reduction predicted by Equation 2.
Approximate Thickness [um] Diameter [mm] Pre-polish [um] C-face Finished [um] Si-face Finished [um] Bow Shift [um] 375 100 0.5 97.4 - 96.9 375 150 27.5 - -178.3 -208.8 375 150 4.0 179.9 - 163.0 570 150 7.5 - -89.3 -96.8 570 150 19.0 117.7 - 98.6 Discussion/Summary Data presented above shows the very large shifts in wafer bow that can occur due to differential SSD across opposite wafer faces.
For single-sided operations, careful control of SSD by a gradual reduction of abrasive size during individual process steps can minimize in-process bow shifts.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Pin Qi Xia, Wen Feng Lu, Guo You Hu
Currently, the pass-by noise of motorcycle 150ml should be beneath 77 db(A), and the exhaust noise of engine is the main source in all motorcycle noise, so improving and optimizing the muffler structure is very important way to reduce noise .Traditional designing of muffler is mainly carried out by using experimental data and experience, which costs a long test period and much money, which may not get the better silencing effect.
The research of applying FEM can have extensive meanings to save the time, manpower and material resources, which analysis results are consistent with the trend of muffler experiment data.
Table 2 shows that the pass-by noise declines more 1dB than the original muffle and the largest average reduction of the vehicle noise reach 1dB .
Noise Reduction and Isolation .Tongji University Press,1985.12.
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