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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Ling Tang, Hai Jing Zhao, Xu Dong Wang, Man Yao
However, reduction in size too much will result in the unreasonable structure and extra processing cost which may be higher than the cost of material reduction [2].
Table 1 Parameters setting in ProCAST for simulation Parameter Data materials assign Casting:HT300; Mold: SAND_Silica heat transfer coefficient h=500W/m2/K gravity direction Y:-9.8 m/sec2 initial conditions HT300:1350℃; SAND_Silica:20℃ The temperature field calculation results of the original and the improved models show that the temperature distribution of the two models is almost the same, except the part of the bottom board.
Table 1 Parameters setting in ProCAST for simulation Parameter Data materials assign Casting:HT300; Mold: SAND_Silica heat transfer coefficient h=500W/m2/K gravity direction Y:-9.8 m/sec2 initial conditions HT300:1350℃; SAND_Silica:20℃ The temperature field calculation results of the original and the improved models show that the temperature distribution of the two models is almost the same, except the part of the bottom board.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Yu Zeng, Ling Shan Chen, Ming Jie Zhang
Equation 5 reveals that NH3 begins the reduction reaction with NOx.
SCR system to reduce emissions of the experiment Diesel engine bench system Diesel engine bench system is composed of diesel, dynamometer, fuel consumption meter, temperature control system, control cabinet, data acquisition system, online computer etc.
The analysis of latter two results has reached the Europe IV standard for NOx emissions requirements.But the self-control of urea injection on the reduction of NOx emissions result is better than the DCU control of urea injection in reducing NOx emissions result and the conversion efficiency is also higher.
SCR system to reduce emissions of the experiment Diesel engine bench system Diesel engine bench system is composed of diesel, dynamometer, fuel consumption meter, temperature control system, control cabinet, data acquisition system, online computer etc.
The analysis of latter two results has reached the Europe IV standard for NOx emissions requirements.But the self-control of urea injection on the reduction of NOx emissions result is better than the DCU control of urea injection in reducing NOx emissions result and the conversion efficiency is also higher.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Shu Hui Wang, Meng Xu, Ming Guo Yu
With the reduction of the angle, the reacted particles increase, leading to the increase of combustion reaction time.
With the further reduction of the angle, the combustion zone reduces and the microwave energy is enough to make the particle temperature rise rapidly, the time greatly reduces.Fig.2 (b) indicates that regeneration efficiency is higher with the increasing central angle of the filter unit in fixed microwave power, but after the center angle is greater than 40℃,the regeneration efficiency will be significantly reduced, because the larger central angle and greater collection area will due to the lower flow rate.
Table I Comparison of theoretical calculation and experimental data Fig.5 Test equipment Conclusions (1) The larger or smaller central angle of the new DPF is not conducive to improve the regeneration efficiency and reduce the regeneration time.
With the further reduction of the angle, the combustion zone reduces and the microwave energy is enough to make the particle temperature rise rapidly, the time greatly reduces.Fig.2 (b) indicates that regeneration efficiency is higher with the increasing central angle of the filter unit in fixed microwave power, but after the center angle is greater than 40℃,the regeneration efficiency will be significantly reduced, because the larger central angle and greater collection area will due to the lower flow rate.
Table I Comparison of theoretical calculation and experimental data Fig.5 Test equipment Conclusions (1) The larger or smaller central angle of the new DPF is not conducive to improve the regeneration efficiency and reduce the regeneration time.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yan Hong Lu
All iron and steel industry show great attention to energy conservation and wasted heat utilization, because government vigorously advocate energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Thermodynamic system flow is shown in Fig.3.[4] Design data is shown in Table1.
So it can advance interests of energy-saving and emission-reduction, environmental protection, save electricity for company.
Thermodynamic system flow is shown in Fig.3.[4] Design data is shown in Table1.
So it can advance interests of energy-saving and emission-reduction, environmental protection, save electricity for company.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Felicia Aurora Cristea
This could lead to the reduction of occupational illnesses that are frequently found in workplaces like this.
Sometimes, the construction material is the one that facilitates the vibration reduction (such as rubber) [1, 2].
In this case, the selection of the x, y, z coordinates in the data window will be: x = 0; y = 0; z = 1.
To these graphics minimization (reduction) of the displacements, it vary from 0.001m till 0.0025m (n = 250 rpm) (Fig. 6c) and from 0.01m till 0.00025m (n = 1000rpm) presented in the figure 7c.
Also, it could not solve the equations in the lack of the anthropometric input data (mass, length, etc.) and the rigidity and dampness coefficients (k, c).
Sometimes, the construction material is the one that facilitates the vibration reduction (such as rubber) [1, 2].
In this case, the selection of the x, y, z coordinates in the data window will be: x = 0; y = 0; z = 1.
To these graphics minimization (reduction) of the displacements, it vary from 0.001m till 0.0025m (n = 250 rpm) (Fig. 6c) and from 0.01m till 0.00025m (n = 1000rpm) presented in the figure 7c.
Also, it could not solve the equations in the lack of the anthropometric input data (mass, length, etc.) and the rigidity and dampness coefficients (k, c).
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Ming Ying Luo
However, the algorithm in determining the fuzzy density value, the use of a priori training data is static information, that is, after the end of the training to each individual SVM classifier training accuracy of each individual to give that support vector machine classifier important degree of fuzzy density values, its individual support vector machine classifier of the corresponding fuzzy density values are the same for all of the test sample is fixed, a static fuzzy density of areas.
(1) Table 1 shows the AFSAMICBag, the literature [6] algorithm and the proposed adaptive fuzzy integral algorithm of support vector machine ensemble comparison of classification performance can be seen: Tab.1 Comparison of classification precision(%) Data collection AFSAMICBag algorithm In [6] Algorithm OLCP LCCP vehicle 89.71 89.46 89.77 89.82 waveform 92.97 93.31 94.55 93.69 tic 88.56 88.45 88.75 88.93 diabetes 79.87 80.58 80.74 80.87 heart 85.83 85.31 85.69 85.65 sonar 91.49 91.48 91.98 92.25 A. defined in two ways OLCP and LCCP adaptive fuzzy integral on the support vector machine ensemble classification performance in all data sets were higher than those in [6] based on the static fuzzy integral algorithm of support vector machine ensemble, This shows, according to the individual support vector machine classifier treated samples measured classification performance of the local adaptive fuzzy definition of a more accurate description of the density of each individual support
Fig.1 Comparison of relative bias among three ensemble algorithms It can be seen: A. two methods based on fuzzy integral support vector machine ensemble algorithms have a certain level of bias and variance reduction, which reduces the magnitude of difference is greater than the other side than on the magnitude of bias reduction; Conclusions This paper analyzes the integration of the three metric learning algorithm layers the advantages and disadvantages, studies show, in which the integration based on fuzzy integral learning algorithm to obtain the integrated approach than the Bayesian inference theory of integration methods and evidence better classification results.
Of the standard UCI data sets and StatLog test results can be seen, the proposed algorithm to further improve the integration of test performance.
The deviation from the expected error variance decomposition point of view come, although the bias reduction algorithm is not very obvious, but can effectively reduce the variance.
(1) Table 1 shows the AFSAMICBag, the literature [6] algorithm and the proposed adaptive fuzzy integral algorithm of support vector machine ensemble comparison of classification performance can be seen: Tab.1 Comparison of classification precision(%) Data collection AFSAMICBag algorithm In [6] Algorithm OLCP LCCP vehicle 89.71 89.46 89.77 89.82 waveform 92.97 93.31 94.55 93.69 tic 88.56 88.45 88.75 88.93 diabetes 79.87 80.58 80.74 80.87 heart 85.83 85.31 85.69 85.65 sonar 91.49 91.48 91.98 92.25 A. defined in two ways OLCP and LCCP adaptive fuzzy integral on the support vector machine ensemble classification performance in all data sets were higher than those in [6] based on the static fuzzy integral algorithm of support vector machine ensemble, This shows, according to the individual support vector machine classifier treated samples measured classification performance of the local adaptive fuzzy definition of a more accurate description of the density of each individual support
Fig.1 Comparison of relative bias among three ensemble algorithms It can be seen: A. two methods based on fuzzy integral support vector machine ensemble algorithms have a certain level of bias and variance reduction, which reduces the magnitude of difference is greater than the other side than on the magnitude of bias reduction; Conclusions This paper analyzes the integration of the three metric learning algorithm layers the advantages and disadvantages, studies show, in which the integration based on fuzzy integral learning algorithm to obtain the integrated approach than the Bayesian inference theory of integration methods and evidence better classification results.
Of the standard UCI data sets and StatLog test results can be seen, the proposed algorithm to further improve the integration of test performance.
The deviation from the expected error variance decomposition point of view come, although the bias reduction algorithm is not very obvious, but can effectively reduce the variance.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Xiao Dong Wang, Yan Han
Adopting Japanese evaluation train derailment safety C limit value (that is, derailment coefficient=1.2, wheel load reduction ratio=0.67, lateral wheel-rail force=78kN) as the standards to evaluate the train running safety on rail-bridge during earthquakes.
When the earthquake intensity increased from 0.05g to 0.2g, the vehicle speed limit decrease from 265 km/h down to 23 km/h, a decline of 91.3%; (3) Derailment coefficient, wheel load reduction ratio and the lateral wheel-rail forces are all likely to become the vehicle derailment critical state control parameters, which also reflects the randomness of vehicle derailment.
Fig.3 Comparison between interpolation curves and simulation ones From Figure 3, one can see that the interpolation data curves are consistent with the simulation data curves.
This indicates that the Lagrange interpolation data meet the accuracy requirements of numerical interpolation.
Fig.4 Comparison of interpolation data and specification values From Figure 4, it can be seen that the ground motions have greater influence on trains passing by the simply supported rail-bridge during earthquakes.
When the earthquake intensity increased from 0.05g to 0.2g, the vehicle speed limit decrease from 265 km/h down to 23 km/h, a decline of 91.3%; (3) Derailment coefficient, wheel load reduction ratio and the lateral wheel-rail forces are all likely to become the vehicle derailment critical state control parameters, which also reflects the randomness of vehicle derailment.
Fig.3 Comparison between interpolation curves and simulation ones From Figure 3, one can see that the interpolation data curves are consistent with the simulation data curves.
This indicates that the Lagrange interpolation data meet the accuracy requirements of numerical interpolation.
Fig.4 Comparison of interpolation data and specification values From Figure 4, it can be seen that the ground motions have greater influence on trains passing by the simply supported rail-bridge during earthquakes.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Peter Streitenberger, Dana Zöllner
., S1 with mgb = 1 and mtj = 1/64) analogously a reduction in the number of grains together with an increase in the grain size can be observed as shown in Figure 2a.
Plotting the mean edge length of each grain versus its relative size, we observe a wide scattering of the data (Fig. 3b).
The data of vs. x for all grains with a certain number of faces s show a strict linear relationship.
The data of all grains with the same s are plotted in Fig. 3b with the same symbols labelled by s.
A reduction of the mobility of triple lines and quadruple points leads again to a reduction of the velocity of growth, where with decreasing mobility the simulated curves become linear over a long range of time.
Plotting the mean edge length of each grain versus its relative size, we observe a wide scattering of the data (Fig. 3b).
The data of vs. x for all grains with a certain number of faces s show a strict linear relationship.
The data of all grains with the same s are plotted in Fig. 3b with the same symbols labelled by s.
A reduction of the mobility of triple lines and quadruple points leads again to a reduction of the velocity of growth, where with decreasing mobility the simulated curves become linear over a long range of time.
Online since: January 2019
Authors: Viktor Mann, Igor Konstantinov, Ivan Dovzhenko, Ekaterina Lopatina, Olga Yakivyuk, Irina Belokonova, D. Voroshilov, Sergey Sidelnikov, Vladimir N. Baranov
Previously, studies were conducted in which was justified the choice of the chemical composition of the experimental alloy [20-25], computer models were developed, the modes of hot rolling of model ingots on a laboratory mill of DUO 330 are calculated and tested, and also received data on mechanical characteristics and structure of metal.
After that, temperature, speed and time modes of rolling were introduced, according to the parameters of the industrial process, and with the help of the DEFORM-3D software complex, an array of data was obtained on rolling passes, which included: - the dimensions of rolled products depending on the single reduction; - the temperature of the metal; - forces and moments of rolling.
The authors of this paper showed that when hot-rolled of ingots, the values of the Cockcroft-Latam criterion are the fastest approaching the maximum value at the edge of the rolling stock with a total reduction of more than 70%, which indicates the possibility of forming and further development of microcracks in this section of the slab.
Analysis of data on the metal forming, temperature and velocity parameters of rolling, as well as stress-strain state of the metal obtained in the simulation is described in detail in [20].
The data of experimental studies of the structure and properties of cast, deformed and annealed semi-finished products from the experimental aluminum alloy P-1580 make it possible to recommend the developed technology for industrial development, since the level of mechanical properties of these semi-finished products with a minimum content in the scandium alloy is comparatively high and comparable to high-alloy aluminum alloys such as 01570.
After that, temperature, speed and time modes of rolling were introduced, according to the parameters of the industrial process, and with the help of the DEFORM-3D software complex, an array of data was obtained on rolling passes, which included: - the dimensions of rolled products depending on the single reduction; - the temperature of the metal; - forces and moments of rolling.
The authors of this paper showed that when hot-rolled of ingots, the values of the Cockcroft-Latam criterion are the fastest approaching the maximum value at the edge of the rolling stock with a total reduction of more than 70%, which indicates the possibility of forming and further development of microcracks in this section of the slab.
Analysis of data on the metal forming, temperature and velocity parameters of rolling, as well as stress-strain state of the metal obtained in the simulation is described in detail in [20].
The data of experimental studies of the structure and properties of cast, deformed and annealed semi-finished products from the experimental aluminum alloy P-1580 make it possible to recommend the developed technology for industrial development, since the level of mechanical properties of these semi-finished products with a minimum content in the scandium alloy is comparatively high and comparable to high-alloy aluminum alloys such as 01570.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: V.T. Fomichev, A.V. Savchenko, G.P. Gubarevich
Based on the given data, an assumption has been suggested that organic substances with from one to three cyclic structures with aliphatic chain in which the number of atoms does not exceed 14 can be used as organic additives in the function of active compounds [6, 7].
Comparing the data determining the dependence of the amount of Chromium in the alloy on the composition, electrolyte temperature and current density shows that the factors contributing to the increase in the Chromium amount reduce the microhardness of an electroplating alloy.
The data in fig. 5 shows that the value of internal stresses of Cr-Zn alloys depends on the current density, the temperature and the amount of the Metol additive used.
Figure 6 presents the data on the dependence of the length of cycles on the amount of Metol in the electrolyte.
Ozerov, Electrochemical reduction of chromic acid in the presence of methylene blue and gallic acid.
Comparing the data determining the dependence of the amount of Chromium in the alloy on the composition, electrolyte temperature and current density shows that the factors contributing to the increase in the Chromium amount reduce the microhardness of an electroplating alloy.
The data in fig. 5 shows that the value of internal stresses of Cr-Zn alloys depends on the current density, the temperature and the amount of the Metol additive used.
Figure 6 presents the data on the dependence of the length of cycles on the amount of Metol in the electrolyte.
Ozerov, Electrochemical reduction of chromic acid in the presence of methylene blue and gallic acid.