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Generally it is less than one for the metallic materials.
Microelectronics Reliability, 2007, 47(2): 347-353 [9] Huang, H; Jun, N; Jiang, MQ; et al., Nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation induced hierarchical micro/nanostructures on Zr-based metallic glass substrate, MATERIALS & DESIGN, 2016, 109: 153-161 [10] Naghshine, Babak B.; Cosman, James A.; Kiani, Amirkianoosh, Synthesis of polycaprolactone-titanium oxide multilayer films by nanosecond laser pulses and electrospinning technique for better implant fabrication, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 2016, 120(8) [11] G.
Krack; Laser processing of hardmetals: Physical basics and applications,International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials, 2005, 23:278–286 [12] Colina, M.; Morales-Vilches, A.; Voz, C.; et al., Laser Induced Forward Transfer for front contact improvement in silicon heteroj unction solar cells, Symposium on Laser Interaction with Advaned Materials: Fundamentals and Applications, FRANCE: 2014, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 2015, 336: 89-95 [13] Pong-Ryol, Jang; Tae-Sok, Jang; Nam-Chol, Kim; et al., Laser micro-polishing for metallic surface using UV nano-second pulse laser and CW laser, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, 2016, 85(9-12): 2367-2375 [14] J M Liu, Simple technique for measurements of pulsed Gaussian-beam spot sizes, Optics Letters, 1982, 7(5): 196-198 [15] D.
S.; Philip, Reji; et al., Laser fluence dependence on emission dynamics of ultrafast laser induced copper plasma, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 2016, 120(18) [17] Sobierajski, Ryszard; Jacyna, Iwanna; Dluzewski, Piotr; et al., Role of heat accumulation in the multi-shot damage of silicon irradiated with femtosecond XUV pulses at a 1 MHz repetition rate, OPTICS EXPRESS, 2016, 24(14): 15468-15477 [18] Douti, Dam-Be; Begou, Thomas; Lemarchand, Fabien; et al., Analysis of laser energy deposition leading to damage and ablation of HfO2 and Nb2O5 single layers submitted to 500 fs pulses at 1030 and 343 nm , APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING, 2016, 122(7) [19] Hongo, Motoharu; Matsuo, Shigeki, Subnanosecond-laser-induced periodic surface structures on prescratched silicon substrate, APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS, 2016, 9(6) [20] Williams, E.; Brousseau, E.
B., Nanosecond laser processing of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 with single pulses, JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY, 2016, 232: 34-42 [21] Tseng, Shih-Feng; Hsiao, Wen-Tse; Chung, Chien-Kai; et al., Investigation the interaction between the pulsed ultraviolet laser beams and PEDOT:PSS/graphene composite films, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 2015, 356: 486-491 [22] Sun, Zhanliang; Lenzner, Matthias; Rudolph, Wolfgang, Generic incubation law for laser damage and ablation thresholds, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 2015, 117(7) [23] Demir, Ali Goekhan; Pangovski, Krste; O'Neill, William; et al., Laser micromachining of TiN coatings with variable pulse durations and shapes in ns regime, SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 2014, 258: 240-248 [24] Thi Trang Dai Huynh; Semmar, Nadjib, Dependence of ablation threshold and LIPSS formation on copper thin films by accumulative UV picosecond laser shots, APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING, 2014, 116(3): 1429-1435

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the ultimate reinforcing materials for the development of an entirely new class of composites.
In this paper, nano-structure having hexagonal representative volume element (RVE), theory of elasticity of anisotropic materials and finite element method (FEM) are used to investigate the effect of helical CNT morphology on effective mechanical properties of nanocomposites.
Introduction Carbon nanotubes, discovered first by Iijima in 1991 [1], possess extremely high stiffness, strength and resilience, and may provide the ultimate reinforcing materials for the development of nanocomposites.
Investigation the effects of carbon nanotube morphology of such nanoscale materials is one of the necessary and significant tasks for the development of nanocomposites.
Modulus predictions using effective nanotube properties, Composites Science and Technology, 63 (11) 1689-1703 (2003)

Smith, Development and testing of vanadium alloys for fusion applications, Journal of nuclear materials 239 (1996) 139-156
Muroga, Overview of the vanadium alloy researches for fusion reactors, Journal of Nuclear Materials 417 (1) (2011) 289-294
Garner, Swelling of neutron-irradiated vanadium alloys, Journal of nuclear materials 179 (1991) 771-774
Votinov, Status of vanadium alloys for fusion reactors, Journal of nuclear materials 233 (1996) 92-99
Schultz, Defect parameters of bcc metals: group-specific trends, Materials Science and Engineering: A 141 (2) (1991) 149-167

Materials’ definition is an important part of numerical simulation, it will directly affect the accuracy and reliability of the results[6], and the stress-strain curve in tension and compression is a function of the materials properties.The stress-strain curve of shape memory alloy is shown in Figure 3.
Continued load, the material shows plastic deformation when stress is more than yield stress0 of materials and thus the materials’ stiffness significantly decreases.
Thus, materials of NiTi-shape memory alloy should satisfy the parameters of Equation (1) and Table 1 and by Abaqus software simulation calculations; patellar we assume is linearly elastic, elastic modulus E=12 000MPa, poisson ratio=0.3
Memorial metal ball for the treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head: Chinese Journal of Surgery.
Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics on Stress Corrosion Cracking Tip: Xi`an University of Science and Technology [Master’s thesis], 2012, p.14

Lee Frank, Facile Synthesis of visible-light-activated F-doped TiO2 hollow spheres by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, Science of Advanced Materials, Vol 4 (2012), p. 863
Wang, Synthesis and characterization of La2O3/TiO2−xFx and the visible light photocatalytic oxidation of 4-chlorophenol, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 178 (2010), p. 440
Yu, Sonochemical fabrication of novel square-shaped F doped TiO2 nanocrystals with enhanced performance in photocatalytic degradation of phenol, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol 237– 238 (2012), p. 38
Singh, Band gap determination in thick films from reflectance measurements, Optical Materials, Vol. 12 (1999), p. 115
Restrepo, Study of the band gap of synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticules using the sol-gel method and a hydrothermal treatment, The Open Materials Science Journal, Vol. 4 (2010), p. 9

In recent years, much attention has been paid to studies on nanocrystalline dioxide materials with unique properties, including the material considered herein [1, 2].
About 20% of the obtained material is consumed for making composites from plastics and materials on their basis (furniture, car parts, machinery, etc.).
Materials and methods 1.
The MO adsorption capacity of the materials was determined every 30 min.
Nakaruk, Using of TiO2 -coated mesoporous particles for organic dye removal, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7 (7) (2016) 507-510

Preparation and Properties of Al2O3 Ceramic Reinforced Mo-based Composites by Al(NO3)3 Precursor Liujie Xu 1, a, Shizhong Wei1,b, Guoshang Zhang2, Jiwen Li2, Xiangdong Ma1, Baozhu Dai2 1 Henan Engineering Research Center for Wear of Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Louyang 471039, China 2 School of materials science and engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Louyang 471003, China awmxlj@126.com, bwsz@mail.haust.edu.cn Keywords: Molybdenum, Composites, Al (NO3)3, Al2O3, Property Abstract.
It is very important for the application of molybdenum in structural materials to research and develop new molybdenum alloys.
But ceramics exhibit poor toughness which restricts their application for structural materials.
Raw materials of experiment adopt analytically pure Al(NO3)3·9H2O (purity higher than 99.0%) and analytically pure MoO3 ( purity higher than 99.0%).
M.Molodets: High Pressure Res Vol. 25(2005), p211 [7] M.Nawa, T.Sekino and K.Niihara: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 29(1994), p3185 [8] Sheng-Chang Wang and Wen-Cheng J.Wei: Nanostructured Materials, Vol.10(1998), p983 [9] Liu Kaiqi, Pan Wei, Fan Zhenkun, et al.: Rare metal materials and engineering Vol. 36(2007), p238

Zhang, Applied Surface Science 264 (2013) 162-170
Zhang, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 10 (2007) 215-221
Muhamad, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 183 (2010) 1733-1739
Chakraborty, Materials Chemistry and Physics 122 (2010) 18-22
Hahn, Journal of Crystal Growth 282 (2005) 131-136.

This feature significantly complicates the deformation-strength calculation, which is based on the strain diagrams of materials.
Pantazopoulou, Experimental study of plain concrete under triaxial stress, ACI Materials Journal, 93(6) (1996) 589–601.
Ilin, Durability and Concrete Strain Capacity of Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns with Hooped Reinforcement, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12(24) (2017) 7562-7566
Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 262 (2017) (012048).
Sciences, M. (1961) 166.

Which come up with a higher demand on the properties of the materials, traditional materials can not meet the development needs in the field of aerospace and automobile.
Therefore, this can make up for the inherent shortcomings of traditional materials.
So these areas lost load transfer load capacity, the tensile strength of composite materials with particles reunion is lower than SiC particle distributed uniformly[9].
References [1] RENS B，HE X.B，QU X.H: Composites Science and Technology， Vol. 67(2007), p. 2103−2113 [2] Taha M A，El-Mahallawy NA，El-Sabbagh AM: Journal of Materials Processing Technology，Vol. 202(2008), p. 380-385 [3] J.
[5] Jung-ⅡLee，Tae-Whan Hong: Material Science Forum，Vol. 449,（2004）, p. 249-251 [6] H YO S．Lee: Journal of Materials Sciences，Vol. 35, (2000), p. 6231-6236 [7] Wang Zhangwei，Song Ming，Sun Chao: Mater.