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Sucking out the high-entropy boundary-layer fluid into the sink slot prior to the rotor brings a considerable reduction in the span-wise extension of the secondary flow zone and reduction of secondary flow losses as compared to non-source/sink computations, [23].
Flow field data, such as pressure, velocity, temperature and turbulence parameters, from adjacent zones, are transferred as boundary conditions after every iteration.
[31] Grant Laidlaw Ingram, Endwall Profiling for the Reduction of Secondary Flow in Turbines, Ph.D.
Vogeler, K., Reduction of Secondary Flow Losses in Turbine Cascades by Leading Edge Modifications at the Endwall.
Langston, An Experimental Investigation of Contoured Leading Edges for Secondary Flow Loss Reduction.

Taking use of test data to verify the formula and results show that: the pile group efficiency from the method accords with the test value very well.
Pile group efficiency formula 1.1 Pile group efficiency formula of considering the stress superposition Pile group efficiency formula while has been proposed by Keji Yang on the basis of the prototype observation and model test　　 　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(1) where stands for the average reduction rate.
From the table data we know that: (1)Result calculated from the former four methods were greatly varied to test value, or empiric formula were lack of theoretical basis.

Adhesion Improvement through Plasma Surface Treatments on Palladium Surface Ivan Venegoni 1, a, Matteo Consonni1, Irene Bianchi1, Enrica Ravizza1, Salvatore Grasso1, Simona Spadoni1, Mario Pistoni1 and Paolo Colpani1 1 STMicroelectronics, via Olivetti 2, 20041, Agrate Brianza, Italy aivan.venegoni@st.com Keywords: surface, palladium, plasma, treatment, adhesion, passivation, oxidation, reduction Introduction Figure 1: Detachment at the Palladium/ passivation layer interface As a surface finishing, the electroless nickel / electroless palladium (ENEP) has received increased attention because of its lower cost respect to the electroless nickel / electroless palladium / immersion gold (ENEPIG).
From XPS data reported in Figure 3a, Sample G had a completely oxidized surface, while Sample E and Sample F showed only a partially oxidized surface, as a small shoulder, assigned to the Pd metallic peak, is still visible at 340 eV and 335 eV.

(2) Biochemical tests: oxidase; catalase; voges–proskauer and methyl red reaction; nitrate reduction; gelatin, starch and lipid hydrolysis
NR 025486.1) Halomonas halocynthiae (NR 025508.1) Halomonas campaniensis (AJ515365.2) Halomonas pacifica (NR 025927.1) Marinobacter vinifirmus (DQ235263.1) 91 100 100 76 61 83 63 63 49 96 99 83 100 0.01 Fig.1 Phylogenetic tree showing the relationships of CNY0813 with the sequences of relating type genera constructed by the neighbor-joining method and based on 16S rDNA gene sequences (3)The results of biochemical tests: Table 1 Comparative characterization of strain CNY0813 and related Haererehalobacter species characterization CNY0813 Haererehalobacter ostenderis [3] gram-stain - - shape bacillus bacillus the presence of spores - - Size[μm] 0.5~0.9×1~1.5 0.3×1~2 colony color light orange hazel pH [int/opt] 4~9/7 4~9/7 NaCl% [w/v, int/opt] 0~25/10 0~20/3~8 T [°C] [int/opt] 10~45/25~35 10~50/25~35 catalase + + oxidase - - methyl red reaction + - voges–proskauer reaction - - starch hydrolysis - - gelatin hydrolysis - - lipid hydrolysis - ND nitrate reduction
- - Note: ‘+’ positive; ‘-’ negative; ND: ‘no data’ ; ‘int/opt’: range/ Optimum。

In the analysis of the experiment data special attention was paid to the influence of the nonlinearity of sound.
To conclude, dynamic vibration absorber with proper resonance frequency is an effective measure for the reduction of structure-borne noise in vehicle.
If the proper resonance frequency of DVA is chosen, good reduction of noise level could be got.

Especially in case of LILW waste disposal facility structure, the occurrence of deterioration phenomenon results in the reduction of durability and safety as the structure, and even significantly influences on structural integrity and leakage resistance, which can be led to more serious impact than that in the case of ordinary concrete structures.
Such problem also occurs in nuclear power plant currently being under operation in Korea, but there exists not enough comprehensive data and technology about deterioration factors and deterioration phenomenon.
In the case of mass and dynamic modulus of elasticity, they were reduced, but the range of reduction was very slight

Printed monopole antenna is used in handset often with a long and thin shape for the purpose of lower frequency resonance and size reduction [1], [2], whereas wide width monopole antenna is desired in UBW system to create wide bandwidth [3]-[5].
Considering the ease of frequency reduction, we focus our study on printed slot antenna.
There exists discrepancy between the measured and simulated data in Figure 3, especially at higher frequencies.

Table 2 The results of the analysis solution The largest displacement/mm Maximum stress/Pa weight/Kg 1 0.752913 0.118E+07 1.3587736E+02 2 0.827371 0.128E+07 1.3232266E+02 3 0.914451 0.144E+07 1.2876366E+02 4 1.074 0.167E+07 1.2520038E+02 According to the data shown, we will drawing the trend diagram of four solutions about the biggest displacement, the maximum stress figure and weight figure as shown in figure 8: Fig.8 (a) The maximal displacement trend chart Fig.8 (b) Maximum stress trend chart Fig. 8 (c) Frame weight trend chart Fig. 8 The results trend chart Conclusion By a figure 8 (a) we can see that: when the tractor frame materials selected for ABS resin, the deformation increases with decreasing size of the largest.
By a figure 8 (c) we can see that: along with the reduction of size to reduce the weight of the tractor frame.
The fourth solution has the lightest weights, than the same size use Q235 material, frame a 724 kg reduction in weight.

This text figured out the major factors influencing the fluctuation of the line loss rate, quantitatively analyzing three factors’ effects on line loss rate, which respectively are non-correspondence electric quantity for supplying and selling, the dedicated line which large consumer load transfers and the change of electric quantity which is nondestructive for sale, thus facilitating the grid enterprises dynamically analyzing the line loss in time, providing authentic line loss data for electric power departments at all levels, electricity board, power supply station, improving the accuracy of line loss analysis, dismissing the human factors during the fluctuation of line loss.
Fig.1 Monthly statistical value of comprehensive line loss rate The data in Fig.1 indicates that, monthly statistical value of the electric power company’s comprehensive line loss rate shows up apparent fluctuation.
The statistics of power sale quantity is relatively disperse, and because the number of the gauge tables is big(reach up to thousands or tens of thousands of meters), meter reading is impossible to be finished on the last day of every month, and meanwhile, we need to calculate and charge the data collected from meter reading, thus determining that power sale quantity scale meter and power supply quantity scale meter must be reading separated by turns, therefore, there exists a non-corresponding in time between the power sale quantity scale meter reading and the power supply quantity scale meter reading, causing a situation in which non-corresponding electric power quantity occurs[9].
In order to make grid’s statistics of line loss approach real line loss as possible, manipulative factor, that is power quantity of sale and supply, must be eliminated, only by enacting relative control measures, reducing line loss rate fluctuation component caused by subject factors can improve the accuracy of analysis about line loss and provide object basis for loss reduction.
[5] Zhang Lisheng, “The Technology of Management and Reduction Loss in Electric Power Energy”, China Electric Power Press, 2005 (in Chinese)

In order to obtain the detail data of these parameters, FIRE software is used to perform the calculation of engine combustion process in this paper.
It also provides data for muffler design by boundary element method.
In order to obtain the detail data of these parameters, FIRE software is used to perform the calculation of type engine combustion process.
It also provides data for muffler design by boundary element method.
It also provides data for muffler design by boundary element method.