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Babatunde1, Khaled Abou-El-Hossein1,a*, Muhammad M.
Lukman1 1Precision Engineering Laboratory, Mechatronics Department, School of Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031–South Africa aKhaled.Abou-El-Hossein@nmmu.ac.za* Keywords: Acoustic emission, Stainless steel, Artificial neural network, Tool wear, Prediction model.
According to Blum et al., AE is normally discovered to be more sensitive to tool wear than cutting forces [3].
Chao et al. developed a real-time tool breakage detection system for turning by the sensor fusion of an AE sensor and a built-in force sensor.

The general reaction equation of hydrolyzation is: Al4C3+H2O → Al(OH)4 +C2H2.
Zhou, et al.: Key Eng.
Huang, et al.: Key Eng.
Zhou, et al.: Rare Metal Mater.
El-Raghy, M.W.

Two different types of substitution were considered: (1) Al substitutes for Ti, and (2) Al substitutes for N.
In order to conclude which sites may be occupied by small amount of Al in TiN with NaCl structure one of Ti or N atoms in the expanded cubic supercell was substituted by Al.
The obtained energies allow us to determine the site occupied by Al atoms in Ti-Al-N.
El-Raghy: Metall.
El-Eskandarany: Mechanical alloying for fabrication of advanced engineering materials, William Andrew Publishing (2001)

An initial Zr:Al:C molar ratio of 2:4.2:4.8 for raw powders, and even 55 mol.% excess Al, did not lead to a phase transformation from Zr2Al3C5 to Zr2Al4C5.
Some researchers reported that incorporating Si into Zr-Al-C system could enhance the oxidation resistance of ternary Zr-Al-C ceramics at elevated temperature [10].
Thus, excess Al powders were added in the starting powders to make up the loss of Al.
Zhou, Oxidation of Zr2[Al(Si)]4C5 and Zr3[Al(Si)]4C6, J.
El. 23 (2012) 1477-84

After deoxidization with Al at 1600°C, the melt was poured with RE into the ladle for modification before tapping.
Abd El Meguid, N.
Abd El Rehim: Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 63, (2000), p. 67
El-Egamy W.

Co-rich mixtures were shown by Martínez et al. [2,9] to become partially amorphous by mechanical alloying in an attritor mill, with nanocrystals of the elemental powders dispersed in an amorphous matrix.
More recently, El-Eskandaranary et al. [12,13] have reported full amorphization by MA of Co75Ti25 elemental powder mixtures, as well as their transformation to single phase Co3Ti by heating to temperatures of 800 K or higher.
In order to confirm the findings of our early studies as well as those of El-Eskandanary et al, it was decided to produce new alloys by MA in which the contamination by iron would be kept at much lower levels.
El-Eskandarany, W.
El-Eskandarany, W.

El-Gohary, W.
El-Ghareb, M.
El-Gohary, A.
El Hadidi, H.
El-Gohary, M.

For example, Ren et al. (2009) [7] found that the tensile strength and elongation at break of TPS (corn starch)/PBAT film (50:50) could be improved after adding anhydride functionalized polymer (1wt%) as a compatibilizer.
Abd El-Mohdy, E.
El-Nesr, and M.
El-Wahab, Synthesis, characterization and properties of radiation-induced Starch/(EG-co-MAA) hydrogels, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9 (2006) S1627–S1635
Winotapun et al., Development of multilayer films with improved aroma barrier properties for durian packaging application, Packaging Technology and Science, 32 (2019) 405–418

The 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 Photon energy [eV] 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 EL intensity L [arb.un.] 2 1 Fig. 2.
Yu.M.Altaiskii et al.: Sov.Phys.Semicond.
M.Ikeda et al.: J.Appl.Phys.
D.S.Nedzvetskii et al.: Sov.Phys.Semicond.
A.M.Strel'chuk et al.: Mater.

Enter the EL Centro wave to analog the numerical analysis and the maximum peak acceleration amplitude are adjusted to 8 degrees.
Calculated values of each model and the top structure of Prototype calculated value of acceleration time history curve under El Centro under seismic action are showed in figure 6 to figure 8.
(In Chinese) [6]Zhang Xin, Zhou Deyuan, Zhang Fengling,et al.Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 1999, 19(3):37-43.
(In Chinese) [7]Qian DEling, Li Yuanpeng, Liu Jie, et al.
(In Chinese) [8]Yang Shubiao, Li Ronghua, Liu Jianping, et al.